H2在二维共价有机骨架上吸附的蒙特卡罗模拟研究

使用巨正则蒙特卡罗方法预测H2分子在六种具有不同结构和组分的二维共价有机骨架材料(2D COFs)中的物理吸附行为.研究结果表明:(1)在所研究的温度和压力范围内,ILCOF-1表现出最优异的氢存储性能,是目前2D COFs中储氢量最高的材料之一;其它5种COFs的储氢量低于其它2D COFs中储氢量较高的COF-5,-8,-10和TP-COF,而与COF-1,-6和Pc-PBBA COF相差不多.(2)与3D COFs相比,本文所研究的所有COFs的储氢量均低于目前储氢量最高的COF-105和COF-108;除ILCOF-1外,其它5种COFs材料均低于COF-102和COF-103.根据模拟计算的结果,分析了表面积、孔直径和等量吸附热等因素对COFs储氢性能的影响.对COFs储氢能力的强化提出了一些建设性意见.     

The effect of lattice constant on the storage capacity of hydrogen hydrates: a Monte Carlo study

ABSTRACT

We use grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations to examine the effect of the size of hydrate cavities (as reflected through the lattice constant of the hydrate unit cell) on the efficiency of clathrate hydrates in storing hydrogen gas. With this approach, the hydrate lattice is treated as a solid substrate where gas absorption takes place. Of practical interests are cases, where the lattice-size parameters are changed in such a way that they can promote/enhance multiple cavity occupancy, namely the presence of more than one guest-gas molecule in the same hydrate cavity. This phenomenon is commonly observed in the case of hydrogen hydrates and could increase their storage capacity. A parametric analysis is also carried out to quantify the correlation between the change in the lattice constant and the storage capacity since small changes in the size of the crystal unit cell may induce significant changes in the storage capacity especially in cases where multiple cavity occupancy occurs.     

单壁碳纳米管低温及常温下储氢行为的模拟计算研究

采用巨正则系综蒙特卡罗方法, 通过含有此方法模块的GULP软件, 系统地研究了扶手椅式单壁碳纳米管在低温和常温下的储氢性能, 给出了5种半径的扶手椅管在液氮温度(77 K)和常温(280 K)下的吸附等温线, 同一管径在不同温度不同压强下氢分子在碳纳米管中的分布构型图等. 对77 K和280 K下不同压强不同管径的碳纳米管储氢能力做了较为全面的对比分析, 最后根据模拟计算的结果, 对碳纳米管储氢能力的强化提出了一些建设性意见.     

氢气分子在沸石中的吸附模拟研究

采用巨正则蒙特卡罗方法模拟了氢气在沸石中的吸附行为,并采用Dubinin-Astakhov微孔分析方法,分析了沸石结构对储氢量大小的影响,总结了影响储氢量大小的物理因素,该工作有利于指导合理的设计与合成储存材料,为改善材料储氢能力提供了有力的理论支撑.关键词：储氢吸附等温线巨正则蒙特卡罗     

碳纳米管储氢性能的计算机模拟

采用巨正则蒙特卡罗(GCMC Grand Canonical Monte Carlo)方法^[11],系统地研究了锯齿(Zigzag)型单壁碳纳米管(SWNT-Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes)的储氢性能,得到了管径和管长与储氢能力的关系曲线,给出了氢在碳纳米管中的分布,并对碳纳米管储氢能力的表征提出了建设性意见.     

碳气凝胶储氢性能的理论研究

采用基于Metropolis蒙特卡罗和Reverse蒙特卡罗的杂化逆向蒙特卡罗方法,构建碳气凝胶的微孔结构模型,根据碳气凝胶的介孔尺寸构建介孔模型.设计不同形状、不同孔径的介孔模型,使用巨正则蒙特卡罗方法详细模拟在298 K和77 K下的储氢量.结果显示,在77 K时,所设计的碳气凝胶的储氢量几乎是室温下的4倍.在77 K,100 bar时,储氢量最高可达到11.12 wt%和45.68 g·L^-1.     

氮化硼纳米管阵列储氢的计算机模拟

采用巨正则蒙特卡罗方法模拟常温、中等压强下单壁氮化硼纳米管阵列的物理吸附储氢,重点研究压强、纳米管阵列的管径和管间距对单壁氮化硼纳米管阵列物理吸附储氢的影响.计算结果表明,氮化硼纳米管阵列的储氢性能明显优于碳纳米管阵列,在常温和中等压强下的物理吸附储氢量(质量百分数)可以达到和超过美国能源部提出的商业标准.并给出相应的理论解释.     

H2的自由扩散和吸附状态的对比研究

运用巨正则Monte Carlo方法, 模拟了H₂在自由扩散状态下及碳纳米管吸附状态下的分布, 对H₂的自由扩散和吸附状态进行了对比研究. 研究表明: 77 K和2 MPa下, (30, 30)扶手椅型碳纳米管质量储氢密度为3.74%, 77 K和10 MPa下, 质量储氢密度为7.4%. 吸附状态的H₂分子主要汇聚在碳纳米管内外两个壁面.关键词：储氢碳纳米管巨正则Monte Carlo     

Monte Carlo simulation of hydrogen adsorption on Ni surfaces

In the present paper the adsorption kinetics of the hydrogen molecule on the (111) and (100) surfaces have been studied with the model proposed by Panczyk and the grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation method. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms are calculated at five different temperatures ranging from 314 K to 376 K and compared with the experimental equilibrium adsorption isotherms. The effects of temperature and pressure on coverage are also analyzed.      

Hydrogen storage in BC3 composite single-walled nanotube:a combined density functional theory and Monte Carlo investigation

This paper applies a density functional theory(DFT) and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations(GCMC) to investigate the physisorptions of molecular hydrogen in single-walled BC 3 nanotubes and carbon nanotubes.The DFT calculations may provide useful information about the nature of hydrogen adsorption and physisorption energies in selected adsorption sites of these two nanotubes.Furthermore,the GCMC simulations can reproduce their storage capacity by calculating the weight percentage of the adsorbed molecular hydrogen under different conditions.The present results have shown that with both computational methods,the hydrogen storage capacity of BC 3 nanotubes is superior to that of carbon nanotubes.The reasons causing different behaviour of hydrogen storage in these two nanotubes are explained by using their contour plots of electron density and charge-density difference.     

氢在多壁碳纳米管中的吸附储存

利用巨正则系综蒙特卡罗(GCMC)的方法模拟了氢在多壁碳纳米管中的吸附,氢气分子之间、氢气分子和碳原子之间的相互作用势能采用Lennard-Jones势能模型。模拟了不同结构参数(管内径、管壁数、管壁间距)的多壁碳纳米管在77K和298K下的吸附等温线,分析了多壁碳纳米管的管内径、管壁数以及管壁间距对吸附性能的影响。模拟结果表明:多壁碳纳米管的管壁数和管壁间距对吸附性能的影响较明显;管壁数越少,管壁间距越大,其吸附性能越好;多壁碳纳米管的管内径对其吸附性能的影响甚微。     

Nanoscale simulation of Na-Montmorillonite hydrate under basin conditions,application of CLAYFF force field in parallel GCMC

The swelling of Na-Montmorillonite is simulated by Monte Carlo molecular simulations in NP_zzT and μVT ensembles, in two sedimentary basin conditions of 423 K at 750 atm and 483 K at 1050 atm and by using the CLAYFF force field [J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 1255–1266 (2004)]. The CLAYFF force field predicts a one, two-layer stable hydrate under 423 K at 750 atm and a one-layer stable hydrate under 483 K at 1050 atm with the stable basal spacings of 12.54 and 12.44 Å. The adsorbed water molecules are 45.22 and 41.92 per clay layer, with water densities of 0.28 and 0.26 g/cm³ and total energy of 2.11 and 3.65 kcal/mol of water. The predicted structure of Na-Montmorillonite are consistent with those reported in literature for high temperature and pressure conditions, however the results did not indicate a one-layer hydrate as the stable phase under basin conditions of 423 K at 750 atm [Clays Clay Miner. 34, 385 (1986)]. This work allows addressing the issue of the effect of basin condition on the structure of Na-Montmorillonite hydrate.     

Progress in improving thermodynamics and kinetics of new hydrogen storage materials

Hydrogen storage material has been much developed recently because of its potential for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell applications. A successful solid-state reversible storage material should meet the requirements of high storage capacity, suitable thermodynamic properties, and fast adsorption and desorption kinetics. Complex hydrides, including boron hydride and alanate, ammonia borane, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), are remarkable hydrogen storage materials because of their advantages of high energy density and safety. This feature article focuses mainly on the thermodynamics and kinetics of these hydrogen storage materials in the past few years.     

单壁BN纳米管和碳纳米管物理吸附储氢性能的理论对比研究

采用巨正则蒙特卡罗方法(GCMC)研究了单壁氮化硼纳米管(SWBNNTs)和单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)的物理吸附储氢性能,主要对比研究了纳米管的管径、温度和手性对二者物理吸附储氢量的影响. 研究结果表明：在低温下,SWBNNTs的物理吸附储氢性能优于相应的SWCNTs;但是随着温度的升高,二者的物理吸附储氢性能差别越来越小,在常温下,SWBNNTs不具备有比SWCNTs更强的物理吸附储氢性能,而是和相同条件下的SWCNTs相差不大,只是在高压下的物理吸附储氢量稍稍大于SWCNTs,并给出了合理的理论解释关键词：巨正则蒙特卡罗方法(GCMC)单壁氮化硼纳米管(SWBNNTs)单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)储氢     

Influence of size of solvent molecules on structural and thermodynamic properties of the electrode/electrolyte interface

The influence of size of solvent molecules on the structural and thermodynamic properties of the interface between the electrode and electrolyte, using the solvent primitive model, was studied by grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. The computer simulation results are compared with those obtained from the modified Poisson–Boltzmann (MPB) theory. The ionic singlet distribution functions show that the solvent molecules of low diameter favour the counter ion adsorption on the electrode. With increasing diameter of the solvent molecules, the mean electrostatic potential increases, while the integral and differential capacitances decrease. The integral capacitance curves obtained by MPB theory are in qualitative agreement with those obtained by the GCMC simulation although the theoretical results are overestimated.     

Neutron powder diffraction of metal-organic frameworks for hydrogen storage

We review recent structural studies that we have undertaken aimed at elucidating the fundamental properties of metal-organic framework materials and their interactions with hydrogen. We have shown that exposing coordinatively unsaturated metal centers can greatly enhance the hydrogen binding energy and that they result in a significant increase of the surface packing density of adsorbed hydrogen molecules on materials’ surface. We will review some of the structural aspects of these materials, especially the adsorbed hydrogen molecule surface packing density in one type of metal-organic framework, MOF-74, which can be packed even denser than that in solid hydrogen.      

Distribution for fermionic discrete lattice gas within the canonical ensemble

The distinct deviations from the Fermi-Dirac statistics ascertained recently at low temperatures for a one-dimensional, spinless fermionic discrete lattice gas with conserved number of noninteracting particles hopping on the non-degenerated, well-separated single-particle energy levels are studied in numerical and theoretical terms. The generalized distribution is derived in the formn(h)={Y _h exp [(_h–)]+1{su–1 valid even in the thermodynamic limit, when the discreteness of the energy levels is kept. This distribution demonstrates good agreement with the data obtained numerically both by the canonical partition function technique and by Monte Carlo simulation.