电力线谐波辐射在分层各向异性电离层中的传播特点

电力线谐波辐射特指在电离层或磁层中观测到的来源于地面电力系统输电线的电磁波辐射, 其在电磁场时频功率谱中表现为400 Hz至5 kHz范围内, 频率间隔为50/100 Hz或60/120 Hz 的平行谱线, 已成为近地空间环境的一种人为污染源. 对于该现象的形成机理尚缺乏定量研究. 本文研究了非理想导电大地上方由电偶极子源产生的电磁场在分层各向异性电离层中的传播模型, 提出了一种新的求解方法, 有效解决了编程计算中的数值溢出问题, 并利用已有解析解对所提方法进行了验证. 在此基础上, 利用实际电力线、大地、电离层的相关参数, 研究了偶极子源频率、电离层下边界高度、大地电导率、地磁场方向等对电力线谐波辐射在电离层中的传播的影响. 结果表明, 频率等于地-电离层波导导波模截止频率时透入电离层的电力线谐波辐射强度更大; 谐波电流一定时, 大地电导率小的地区, 电力线谐波辐射的功率更大; 电力线谐波辐射在电离层中沿地磁场方向传播. 本文所得结果有益于阐释电力线谐波辐射现象的形成机理.     

导弹平台测试系统设计方法研究

运用建模的技术对导弹平台测试系统进行模型设计过程中,关键是实现测试系统需求描述模型、结构模型和行为模型等的设计;首先对导弹平台测试系统的工作流程进行了分析,然后在此基础上利用UML建模方法进行测试系统的各项模型设计,通过分解用例图说明测试系统的需求描述模型,分析系统的结构体系及关联关系建立了测试系统的结构模型,运用序列图建立了测试系统的行为描述模型;最后,根据上述模型设计提出了系统的结构及布置关系的设计方案,并且在实际导弹平台测试系统开发中得到了应用,实现了测试系统的各项测试功能;结果表明,采用该建模方法不但能够有效提高系统设计的效率,而且系统在实用性的基础上,还具有复用性及拓展性。     

非驻定过滤燃烧的均相模拟

基于一维层流反应流模型,构建了新的准稳态均相模型,并对堆积床内充分发展后的低速过滤贫燃过程进行数值模拟.将计算结果与传统双相模型进行比较,分析弥散效应和化学反应机理等对计算结果的影响,并开展输运项分析;将均相模型的数值结果与准稳态和瞬态的理论结果进行比较,验证理论方法.     

Effect of restart at signals on traffic flow through a series of signals

We study the effect of restart at signals on the vehicular traffic controlled by a series of signals. The Nagel–Schreckenberg model (NS model) and Fukui–Ishibashi model (FI model) are applied to the vehicular motion. In the FI model, the step-by-step acceleration is not taken into account but the acceleration effect is included in the NS model. It is shown that the difference between both models results in the restart effect at signals. The extended version of the NS model with signals is formulated by the difference equation. The restart at signals has an effective effect on the traffic flow. The fundamental diagram changes highly by the restart effect. The dependences of mean speed on the cycle time are shown.     

一个新的用于元胞自动机模拟微观组织的溶质分配模型及其计算验证

在已有的几种溶质再分配计算模型的基础上, 建立了一个新的更为合理的溶质再分配模型.该模型充分考虑了枝晶生长过程中可能出现的固/液界面元胞的各种状态及其邻居元胞的各种状态, 根据这两者的不同状态, 分别建立不同的计算公式展开计算. 利用所建立的模型消除了原有的扩散控制的元胞自动机(CA)生长模型存在的在晶界处元胞不凝固的缺陷. 接着, 为了进一步验证模型的可靠性, 在Kurz-Giovanola-Trivedi方法控制的CA生长模型中引入新的溶质再分配计算模型, 对Al-4.7 wt%Cu 合金铸锭进行了模拟计算, 并与实验结果进行了金相组织和成分分布两方面的对比, 表明新模型具有较好的精确性. 关键词： 元胞自动机方法 微观组织模拟 溶质再分配     

Reducing slab track vibration into bridge using elastic materials in high speed railway

In this paper, the problem of vibration transmission from slab track structures into bridge is studied by theoretical analysis. A vehicle-track-bridge coupling system dynamics model is established based on a multibody dynamics theory and a finite element method. The system model consists of vehicle model, track-bridge model and wheel/rail interaction model. The vehicle model is established based on the multibody dynamics theory, and the tack-bridge model is established by the finite element method. The vehicle model and track-bridge model are coupled through wheel/rail interaction model, and the track irregularities are included. The system dynamic responses are calculated, and the effectiveness of elastic materials in vibration reducing is discussed. The results demonstrate that elastic materials like slab mat layer inserted between slab track and bridge can reduce vibration transmitted from track into the bridge. Some suggestions for the design and application of slab mat are provided in the end of the paper.     

Canny edge detection enhancement by general auto-regression model and bi-dimensional maximum conditional entropy

This paper proposes a novel Canny algorithm without manually setting parameters. Adaptive filter design, implementation and automatic calculation of low and high thresholds are studied in this paper. A general auto-regressive model is deduced that uses only uniform expression for both the linear and non-linear autoregressive model based on Weierstrass theory. Moreover, the bi-dimensional expression of the model is deduced by using bi-vectors instead of scalar parameters. The Generalized M-estimator is chosen for the new model. An adaptive filter is implemented based on the general auto-regression model and simulations are carried out. Gray entropy mathematical model is established according to the gray level-gradient co-occurrence matrix of image and the simulated annealing algorithm is used to solve the gray entropy model. Experiments are done on the worldwide datasets to evaluate the performance of our method. Results demonstrate the superiority of our method compared with the best parameter values method and standard Canny, especially when images are polluted by mixed noises containing Gaussian noise, Poisson noise and impulse noise.     

基于半经验模型对大面积染料敏化太阳电池性能影响因素的研究

以影响大面积染料敏化太阳电池性能的几个物理参量和几何参量为切入点, 分析了内部电阻对电池性能的影响, 针对几种构型不同的大面积电池, 建立了效率的半经验模型. 根据并联、串联、和各单元独立式串并联的大面积电池的相关物理参量和几何参量, 对电池效率进行了计算. 通过比较计算值与测试值的偏差, 分析了半经验模型的适用性. 在半经验模型的基础上, 分析了相关物理参量和几何参量对电池性能的影响. 结果表明, 在实际应用中, 通过半经验模型分析物理参量和几何参量的影响, 可以优化大面积电池的性能.     

Dislocation and defect density-based micromechanical modeling of the mechanical behavior of fcc metals under neutron irradiation

A rate-independent dislocation and defect density-based evolution model is presented that captures the pre- and post-yield material behavior of fcc metals subjected to different doses of neutron radiation. Unlike previously developed phenomenological models, this model is capable of capturing the salient features of irradiation-induced hardening, including increase in yield stress followed by yield drop and non-zero stress offset from the unirradiated stress–strain curve. The key contribution is a model for the critical resolved slip resistance that depends on both dislocation and defect densities, which are governed by evolution equations based on physical observations. The result is an orientation-dependent non-homogeneous deformation model, which accounts for defect annihilation on active slip planes. Results for both single and polycrystalline simulations of OFHC copper are presented and are observed to be in reasonably good agreement with experimental data. Extension of the model to other fcc metals is straightforward and is currently being developed for bcc metals.     

α decay energies and half-lives from a macroscopic-microscopic model

α decay energies of 323 heavy nuclei with Z≥82 are evaluated with a macroscopic-microscopic model.In this model,the macroscopic part is treated by the continuous medium model and the microscopic part consists of shell and pairing corrections based on the Nilsson potential.α decay half-lives are calculated by Viola-Seaborg formula.The results of α decay energies and half-lives are compared with experimental values and satisfactory agreement is found.The recoiling effect of the daughter nucleus on α decay half-life is also discussed.     

基于矩阵变换的光场成像及重聚焦模型仿真

基于光场的两平行平面表示方法,针对光场相机两参考平面间的共轴空间距离变换、离轴空间距离变换、轴旋转和沿轴旋转以及透镜作用等对光线描述方式的影响,给出了相应的光场矩阵变换方程,并利用这些方程,建立了光场相机的成像模型、采样模型及辐射传输模型.从光场共轴空间距离变换的观点出发推导出可实现不同点清晰成像的数字重聚焦公式.利用所建立的模型,计算机仿真生成了目标景物,并用所建立模型对生成景物进行了数字重聚焦,验证了数字重聚焦后的图像与直接聚焦图像的一致性.     

A biologically inspired spatiotemporal saliency attention model based on entropy value

A biologically inspired spatiotemporal saliency attention model based on entropy value is proposed in this paper. This model includes a dynamic attention phase and a static attention phase. In the dynamic attention phase, low-level visual features are extracted from current and some previous frames. Every feature map is resized into some different sizes. The feature maps in same size and same feature for all the frames are used to calculate the entropy value map. All the entropy maps are normalized and are fused into a dynamic saliency map. In the static attention phase, same features are extracted and form multi-scale feature maps by center-surround differences in current frame, and then those feature maps are transformed into conspicuity maps, which are linearly combined into a static saliency map. Our model decides salient regions based on a spatiotemporal saliency map which is generated by integration of the dynamic and the static saliency map. Experimental results indicate that: when there is noise among the frames or there is change of illumination among the frames, our model is excellent to Shi's model and Marat's model; when the moving objects do not belong to the static salient regions, our model is better than Ban's model.     

Three-Dimensional Vertex Model Related BCC Model in Statistical Mechanics

In this paper, a three-dimensional vertex model is obtained. It is a duality of the three-dimensional integrable lattice model with N states proposed by Boos, Mangazeev, Sergeev and Stroganov. The Boltzmann weight of the model is dependent on four spin variables, which are the linear combinations of the spins on the corner sites of the cube, and obeys the modified vertex-type tetrahedron equation. This vertex model can be regarded as a deformation of the one related to the three-dimensional Baxter-Bazhanov model. The constrained conditions of the spectrums are discussed in detail and the symmetry properties of weight functions of the vertex model are presented.     

基于Jiles-Atherton理论的铁磁材料塑性变形磁化模型修正

Jiles-Atherton(J-A)模型在磁化建模领域应用广泛,但不同文献给出的J-A模型并不一致,致使采用不同表达式建立的塑性变形磁化模型存在多种版本,其正确性难以甄别.通过对无磁滞磁化方程、能量守恒方程和等效磁场强度方程的梳理与比较,发现原有模型中存在将磁化强度和无磁滞磁化强度混用、将不可逆磁化能量等效于全部的磁化能量、等效磁场强度中应力磁化项界定不清等问题.在此基础上,对上述方程进行了修正,推导了基于J-A模型的塑性变形磁化修正模型.将修正模型计算结果与原模型计算结果、相关文献中的试验结果进行对比,结果表明:与原有计算模型相比,修正模型计算结果的饱和磁化强度和剩余磁化强度随塑性变形增加而减小,矫顽力随塑性变形增大而增大,达到饱和磁化强度时的外磁场强度随塑性变形增大而增大的趋势有所减弱,更符合试验结果,可更准确地反映塑性变形对材料磁化的影响.     

THE NUCLEAR DROPLET MODEL FOR ARBITRARY NEUTRON EXCESS

The Myers and Swiatecki's droplet model is extended to the case of very neutron rich nuclei which,in the case of small neutron excess,can be reduced to the usual droplet model with a small difference which comes from the different considera-Lions on the surface energy.The bulk energy den-sity and the superficial energy density are taken from the earlier calculations based on the Thomas-Fermi model with Seyler-Blanchard interaction. The approximate formulas are obtained for the nuclei with small neutron excess.The comparisons between the nucleon distributions calculated by this model and by Thomas-Fermi model are made for both the uncharged and the charged nuclei and a satisfactory agreement is obtained.The comparison between the results calculated by this model and by its approximate formulation for the nuclei with small neutron excess shows that the usual droplet model works very well in the sense of this comparison. The comparison. with the results calculated by other authors is also made.     

相对论夸克模型对重夸克偶素质量谱的研究

介绍了量子场论中基于准势途径的一个相对论夸克模型,并使用这个相对论夸克模型计算了重夸克偶素的质量谱.显示这个相对论夸克模型可较好地拟合实验上肯定的质量谱数据. A relativistic quark model based on the quasipotential approach in quantum field theory is briefly introduced, and by using this model, heavy quarkonium mass spectra are calculated in detail. It is shown that such a model can give results which are in agreement with the observed experimental data on the mass spectra.     

PREDICTION OF DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS USING UPDATED FINITE ELEMENT MODELS

Model updating techniques are used to update a finite element model of a structure so that an updated model predicts the dynamics of a structure more accurately. The application of such an updated model in dynamic design demands that it also predict the effects of structural modifications with a reasonable accuracy. This paper deals with updating of a finite element model of a structure and its subsequent use for predicting the effects of structural modifications. Updated models have been obtained by a direct model updating method and by an iterative method of model updating based on the frequency response function (FRF) data. The suitability of updated models for predicting the effect of structural modifications is evaluated by some computer and laboratory experiments. First a study is performed using a simulated fixed-fixed beam. Cases of complete, incomplete and noisy data are considered. Updated models are obtained by the direct and the FRF-based method in each of these cases. These models are then used for predicting the changes in the dynamic characteristics brought about due to a mass and a beam modification. The simulated study is followed by a study involving actual measured data for the case of an F-shape test structure. The updated finite element models for this structure are obtained again by the direct and the FRF-based method. Structural modifications in terms of mass and beam modifications are then introduced to evaluate the updated model for its usefulness in dynamic design. It is found that the predictions based on the iterative method based updated model are reasonably accurate and, therefore, this updated model can be used with reasonable accuracy to perform dynamic design. The predictions on the basis of the direct method based updated model are found to be reasonably accurate in the lower portion of the updating frequency range but the predictions are in a significant error in the remaining portion of the updating frequency range. It is concluded that the updated models that are closer to the structure physically are likely to perform better in predicting the effects of structural modification.     

An ensemble source spectra model for merchant ship-radiated noise

This paper presents an evaluation of the classical model for determining an ensemble of the broadband source spectra of the sound generated by individual ships and proposes an alternate model to overcome the deficiencies in the classical model. The classical model, proposed by Ross [Mechanics of Underwater Noise (Pergamon, New York, 1976)] postulates that the source spectrum for an individual ship is proportional to a baseline spectrum with the constant of proportionality determined by a power-law relationship on the ship speed and length. The model evaluation, conducted on an ensemble of 54 source spectra over a 30-1200-Hz to 1200-Hz frequency band, shows that this assumption yields large rms errors in the broadband source level for the individual ships and significantly overestimates the variability in the source level across the ensemble of source spectra. These deficiencies are a consequence of the negligible correlation between the source level and the ship speed and the source level and the ship length. The alternate model proposed here represents the individual ship spectra by a modified rational spectrum where the poles and zeros are restricted to the real axis and the exponents of the terms are not restricted to integer values. An evaluation of this model on the source spectra ensemble indicates that the rms errors are significantly less than those obtained with any model where the frequency dependence is represented by a single baseline spectrum. Furthermore, at high frequencies (400 to 1200 Hz), a single-term rational spectrum model is sufficient to describe the frequency dependence and, at the low frequencies (30 to 400 Hz), there is only a modest reduction in the rms error for a higher order model. Finally, a joint probability density on the two parameters of the single term model based on the measured histograms of these parameters is proposed. This probability density provides a mechanism for generating an ensemble of ship spectra.     

基于等效弹性模量的微裂纹-超声波非线性作用多阶段模型

提出了一种基于等效弹性模量的微裂纹-超声波非线性作用多阶段模型.该模型将微裂纹微观层面的界面几何特征和宏观层面的界面相对运动统一为介观单元弹性模量的变化,利用等效弹性模量表征损伤区域的"应力-应变",然后利用分段函数来描述微裂纹-超声波非线性相互作用,最后通过有限元仿真对波动方程进行求解,验证了模型的有效性,获得了超声波在经过微裂纹后传播的非线性波动规律.仿真结果表明本文提出的模型相比于双线性刚度模型、接触面模型,能更好地体现一个谐波周期内超声波经过微裂纹损伤区域时波形会发生畸变.同时,仿真实验还分析了裂纹倾角、裂纹长度和超声波激励幅值对超声波经过微裂纹后产生的二次和三次谐波的幅值的影响.最后,对比分析了该模型的仿真计算结果与实验测试结果,表明本文提出的多阶段模型与实验测试均能较好地体现微裂纹-超声波非线性作用产生的二次谐波信号,且结果基本一致,验证了模型的有效性.该模型为开展超声波非线性效应定量检测微裂纹提供了一种新的仿真手段.     

平衡衔铁受话器的非线性特性与失真仿真模型

平衡衔铁受话器(BAR)具有尺寸小、电声转换效率高和灵敏度高等特点。在大振幅振动时, BAR存在显著的非线性,并导致较严重的失真。利用磁路的集总参数模型(LPM)深入研究BAR的非线性,确立可表征其非线性特性的4个非线性参数,采用迭代计算方法研究平衡衔铁磁阻对非线性特性的重要影响。基于所提出的网格移动和旋转等效的有限元模型(FEM),考虑平衡衔铁磁阻的非线性,准确仿真计算得到非线性参数,再将它们代入到非线性LPM模型中,最终建立FEM与LPM相结合的失真仿真模型。实验结果表明,该失真仿真模型可比较准确地预测BAR在不同加载电压时的总谐波失真以及二次和三次谐波失真。