Ejecta from periodic grooved Sn surface under unsupported shocks

Dynamic failure and ejection characteristics of a periodic grooved Sn surface under unsupported shock loading are studied using a smoothed particle hydrodynamics method. An "Eiffel Tower" spatial structure is observed, which is composed of high-speed jet tip, high-density jet slug, longitudinal tensile sparse zone, and complex broken zone between grooves. It is very different from the spike-bubble structure under supported shocks, and has been validated by detonation loading experiments. In comparison with that under supported shocks at the same peak pressure, the high-speed ejecta decreases obviously, whereas the truncated location of ejecta moves towards the interior of the sample and the total mass of ejecta increases due to the vast existence of low-speed broken materials. The shock wave profile determines mainly the total ejection amount, while the variation of V-groove angle will significantly alter the distribution of middle-and high-speed ejecta, and the maximum ejecta velocity has a linear correlation with the groove angle.     

用超高速阴影摄影技术研究微喷射现象

以转镜式高速分幅相机作为记录载体,设计并建立了高速阴影系统。用该摄影系统研究在爆轰加载下金属表面的微喷射现象,以及由此产生的波阵面发展过程。通过获取的阴影图像观察到了带有特定形状缺陷（矩形槽、盲孔）锡自由表面的微喷射演变过程,给出了微射流的形状,冲击波阵面以及喷射物头部的运动速度等物理信息。     

微喷射粒子团簇探测算法及其应用

在团簇多重标号技术基础上,提出了团簇探测的新算法,并以此作为大尺度二维和三维分子动力学模拟冲击加载金属材料微喷射粒子团簇分析的子程序.以二维为例描述了算法的逻辑结构,测试分析了算法的运行效率,并将其应用到二维分子动力学模拟冲击加载金属Cu和Al微喷射粒子的团簇统计分析中,对微喷射粒子团簇尺寸分布得到一些规律性认识.     

金属表面几何缺陷微细结构对微喷射特性的影响

基于光滑粒子流体动力学方法, 分别采用实测样品几何缺陷模型和简化V形沟槽模型对铅的微喷射过程进行了模拟. 重点分析了金属表面几何缺陷微细结构对微喷射特性的影响, 并将数值计算结果与相应的实验测量值进行对比. 结果表明, 基于实测样品几何缺陷模型计算的最快喷射速度和累积喷射量与实验测量结果符合得很好. 进一步研究发现, 在实测样品几何缺陷诱导的微喷射过程中存在“二次汇聚喷射”现象, 与单次喷射相比, 该过程会诱导产生更高的喷射速度并显著影响微喷物的空间密度分布. 这说明除了受扰动波长、深度影响外,表面几何缺陷微细结构也是影响金属微喷射过程的重要因素.     

激光加载下金属锡材料微喷颗粒与低密度泡沫混合实验研究

金属材料的微喷是冲击加载下金属表面发生的一种动态破碎现象,微喷研究在很多领域都具有重要意义,包括惯性约束聚变(ICF)和烟火制造等.由于激光实验特有的优势,近几年国内外开展了很多利用强激光驱动冲击加载研究材料微喷过程的实验.利用泡沫材料对微喷颗粒进行静态软回收虽然可以获得颗粒的形态分布、颗粒尺寸及颗粒质量等定量结果,但并不能反演微喷颗粒从进入泡沫到停滞过程中的动态混合过程.为此,在神光Ⅱ升级装置上利用皮秒脉冲激光照射金丝产生高能X射线,实现了对锡微喷颗粒与低密度泡沫混合过程的高时间分辨和高空间分辨背光照相.背光图像面密度结果证实微喷颗粒在泡沫中并没有发生二次破碎.静态回收结果表明,在锡材料与泡沫紧贴放置的情况下,微喷颗粒在泡沫中的穿透深度随着加载压强升高呈现先增大后减小的规律,与非紧贴放置的实验结果有明显的差别.     

Experimental investigation of spray characteristics of a liquid jet in a turbulent subsonic gaseous crossflow

Two perforated plates with different solidity ratios, S=50% and 67%, were used to investigate the effect of the velocity fluctuations of a subsonic gaseous crossflow on the spray characteristics of a liquid jet including droplet size and velocity distributions. The experiments were conducted over a range of jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratio of q=16.5-172, and two gas Weber numbers of ?We_g=2.7 and 5.9, corresponding to the enhanced capillary breakup and bag breakup regimes, respectively. The experimental results of this study revealed that the distribution of droplets size associated with a turbulent and a uniform crossflow for each specific breakup regime were approximately identical. The bimodal and single peak distributions of droplets size, respectively, associated with enhanced capillary and bag breakup regimes were generally consistent with the literature reports. However, the transition of the liquid primary breakup regime from enhanced capillary to bag breakup mode was delayed in a turbulent crossflow compared to its uniform counterpart. The general behavior of droplets size-velocity profiles were also consistent with the literature reports. Nonetheless, complex variations in the distribution of droplets velocity when changing the crossflow turbulence intensity were observed and linked with the presence of instabilities on the liquid jet's surface. Finally, the present experiments allowed shedding more light on the reason why the breakup mechanisms of a liquid jet in a conventional uniform crossflow should not be generalized to predict the distinct breakup process of a liquid jet in a turbulent crossflow.     

液体横向射流在气膜作用下的破碎过程

为了研究液体横向射流在气膜作用下的破碎过程,采用背景光成像技术及VOF TO DPM方法进行了实验研究和仿真研究,模拟介质为水和空气.研究结果表明,液体射流在气膜作用下主要存在两种破碎过程:柱状破碎和表面破碎.Rayleigh-Taylor(R-T)不稳定性产生的表面波是液体射流发生柱状破碎的主要原因,气流穿透表面波的波谷导致射流柱破碎,破碎后的液丝沿流向逐渐发展呈带状分布.Kelvin-Helmholtz(K-H)不稳定性产生的表面波是液体射流发生表面破碎的主要原因,液丝和液滴从射流表面剥离.局部动量比对液体横向射流的破碎过程具有重要影响,当局部动量比较低时,液体射流的破碎由K-H不稳定性主导;随着局部动量比的增大液体射流的破碎逐渐由R-T不稳定性主导.液体射流的破碎长度及穿透深度均随局部动量比的增大而增大.     

Heterogeneous fragmentation of metallic liquid microsheet with high velocity gradient

Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations are performed to study the fragmentation of metallic liquid sheets with high velocity gradient. Dynamic fragmentation of the system involves the formation of a network of fragments due to the growth and coalescence of holes, decomposition of the network into filaments, and further breakup of the filaments into spherical clusters. The final size distribution of the fragmented clusters in the large volume limit is found to obey a bilinear exponential form, which is resulted from the heterogeneous breakup of quasi-cylindrical filaments. The main factors contributing to fragmentation heterogeneity are introduced, including strain rate inhomogeneity and matter distribution nonuniformity of fragments produced during decomposition of the network structure.     

Influence of shockwave profile on ejecta from shocked Pb surface:Atomistic calculations

We conduct molecular dynamics simulations of the ejection process from a grooved Pb surface subjected to supported and unsupported shock waves with various shock-breakout pressures(PSB) inducing a solid–liquid phase transition upon shock or release. It is found that the total ejecta mass changing with PSBunder a supported shock reveals a similar trend with that under an unsupported shock and the former is always less than the latter at the same PSB. The origin of such a discrepancy could be unraveled that for an unsupported shock, a larger velocity difference between the jet tip and its bottom at an early stage of jet formation results in more serious damage, and therefore a greater amount of ejected particles are produced. The cumulative areal density distributions also display the discrepancy. In addition, we discuss the difference of these simulated results compared to the experimental findings.     

气泡在自由液面破碎后的射流断裂现象研究

在势流假设下, 考虑表面张力以及黏性修正, 建立自由液面在气泡破碎后全非线性运动的数值模型, 给出射流断裂和水滴撕裂的数值处理方法. 同时进行上浮气泡在自由液面破裂的实验研究, 数值解与实验值符合良好.为了研究自由液面在气泡破碎后的运动学机理和规律, 运用开发的程序研究了不同尺寸气泡破碎后的动态特性, 包括从气泡底部顶起的射流、射流断裂以及水滴分裂等复杂的物理现象, 总结了从射流上撕裂出的第一个水滴尺寸、撕裂时间以及最大射流速度的变化规律. 最后讨论了雷诺数与韦伯数对气泡破碎后自由液面运动的影响. 关键词： 气泡 自由液面 破碎 断裂     

聚能射流高速光学测试技术

本文介绍了用正文同步扫描测量技术对聚能射流的动态参数进行测试,拍摄到非常清晰的射流头部在空气中飞行所产生的空气冲击波。运用计算机图象处理技术对拍摄的底片进行处理以后,获得了较为理想的射流图象。对底片进行测量,获得了射流在X平面内和Y平面内的离轴偏差,以及射流在X、Y平面内的飞行姿态,射流的累积长度作为速度的函数,射流的速度分布,射流的质量分布和动能分布,射流的断裂时间和断裂位置。     

超声速气流中液体横向射流雾化过程数值模拟

为了更加深入了解超燃冲压发动机燃烧室中的燃料雾化机理,对来流Mach数为1.94的超声速气流中液体横向射流的雾化过程进行了数值模拟研究.计算采用Euler-Lagrange方法,液滴二次破碎模型采用K-H/R-T模型.计算结果表明:考虑液滴二次破碎时,采用雾化锥模型获得的射流穿透深度以及液滴速度分布与实验结果符合得很好...     

Effect of laser spot size on fusion neutron yield in laser--deuterium cluster interactions

The effect of the laser spot size on the neutron yield of table-top nuclear fusion from explosions of a femtosecond intense laser pulse heated deuterium clusters is investigated by using a simplified model, in which the cluster size distribution and the energy attenuation of the laser as it propagates through the cluster jet are taken into account. It has been found that there exists a proper laser spot size for the maximum fusion neutron yield for a given laser pulse and a specific deuterium gas cluster jet. The proper spot size, which is dependent on the laser parameters and the cluster jet parameters, has been calculated and compared with the available experimental data. A reasonable agreement between the calculated results and the published experimental results is found.     

Pulsed Gas Jet for Large Size Atomic Cluster Production

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Pulsed Gas Jet for Large Size Atomic Cluster Production

A pulsed gas jet of large size noble gas atomic clusters as targets for high intensity femtosecond laser pulses is reported. The jet can work for gas stagnation pressure in excess of 40 atmospheres and with a repetition rate of 10 Hz to fit 10 Hz table-top terrawatt femtosecond Ti∶Sapphire laser. The scaling law indicates that the monomer argon clusters produced in the jet can be as large as 22,000 atoms/cluster at room temperature. Preliminary experiments for argon ionic kinetic energy spectrum indicated that the argon clusters are produced in the jet.     

Nonlinear development of capillary waves in a viscous liquid jet

The one-dimensional approximate equations describing the dynamics of a Newtonian viscous fluid are used to analyze the nonlinear development of capillary waves in a jet. It is shown that the size of satellite droplets resulting from a nonuniform jet breakup decreases with the Reynolds number at a constant wavenumber. The satellite-droplet formation ceases at a certain value of the Reynolds number, which depends on the wavenumber and initial perturbation amplitude.     

Electron-beam-induced fluorescence of carbon dioxide clusters. II. Molecular beam with clusters

The fluorescence of CO₂ clusters excited by an electron beam in a molecular beam formed from a free jet expansion of carbon dioxide is investigated. Data on the fluorescence of the clusters are obtained by comparing the electron-beam-induced fluorescence with the signal appearing in an electronic-fluorescence detector as a result of reflection of the cluster beam from an obstacle placed after the electron beam, as well as with the intensity of the cluster beam. It is established that, unlike a jet expansion, for CO₂ clusters in a molecular beam the fluorescence yield from a cluster decreases significantly with increasing cluster size and is very small for clusters of large size. It is concluded on the basis of the results from an investigation of the fluorescence of CO₂ clusters that the electron-beam-induced fluorescence technique can be used for measurements in molecular beams with CO₂ clusters. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 67, 63–71 (July 1997)     

超声喷流Ar团簇生长演化过程及团簇尺寸轴向分布的实验研究

针对特定形式的喷嘴产生的Ar气体团簇,利用瑞利散射法研究了团簇的生长演化过程,测量了不同背压下空间轴向上的团簇尺度,得到了团簇尺寸随轴向距离与背压的关系.实验发现,在20—60 atm（1 atm=1013 kPa）背压范围内,距离喷嘴出口5 mm处,Ar团簇尺度最大. 关键词： 超声喷流 Ar团簇 瑞利散射 团簇尺度     

一种新的光子多普勒速度频谱分析方法

光子多普勒速度计可给出飞层表面某一速度带内颗粒群速度随时间演化的频谱数据, 在冲击动力学实验尤其是微喷射及其混合研究中得到广泛应用. 本文提出一种新的光子多普勒频谱数据分析方法, 可推断出混合区厚度变化和前端等效颗粒尺度. 利用该方法, 对一些典型状态下喷射混合速度频谱开展分析, 获得了不同冲击压力、气体条件下颗粒度数据, 证实了气体环境下喷射颗粒的气动破碎现象, 以及破碎后尺度与初始条件的依赖性, 为喷射混合物理规律研究提供了重要依据.     

Particle Breakup in Shock Waves Studies by single Particle Light Scattering

The breakup of suspended, agglomerated submicron particles was studied by exposing the aerosol to weak shock waves of varying strength under conditions 400 ms^?1?v?880 ms^?1. A newly developed laser light-scattering diagnostic employing a top hat laser profile was used to size the particles passing through a very small scattering volume. By Comparing the optically measured particle size in front of and behind shock waves, the breakup of agglomerated particles could be clearly identified. The experiments indicate that the aerodynamic forces behind an incident shock overcome the particle binding force resulting in disintegration of the submicron agglomerates. The results are presented in form of a modified Weber number.