Cooperative Trends in a Modified Image Scoring Model

The evolution of modern cooperative trends now seen in society have not yet been easily explained,After extenisve computational studies and theoretical analysis,Nowak and Sigmund proposed that cooperation was established largely due to the emergence of indirect reciprocity.Our previous studies show that a high information flow rate stimulates cooperation in a society.In this study we find that the decrease of cooperation cost will make a society more cooperative,and the inheritance of wealth will induce cooperation in the society even when the exchange rate is comparatively low.We also study the distribution of knowldge according to wealth.We find that.for this model,cooperation is slightly less likely to occur if the exchange rate is low.     

Robustness of Cooperation on Highly Clustered Scale-Free Networks

We study the effect of mutation on the evolutionary prisoner＇s dilemma in highly clustered scale-free networks. It is found that cooperation is more sensitive and vulnerable to strategy mutation in more highly clustered networks. For small mutation rates, high clustering coefficient promotes cooperation. For medium mutation rates, high clustering coefficient inhibits the emergence of cooperation. For large mutation rates, cooperation is insensitive to clustering property. We provide explanations for the effects of clustering on cooperation with varied mutation rates.     

Hierarchy property of traffic networks

The flourishing complex network theory has aroused increasing interest in studying the properties of real-world networks. Based on the traffic network of Chang--Zhu--Tan urban agglomeration in central China, some basic network topological characteristics were computed with data collected from local traffic maps, which showed that the traffic networks were small-world networks with strong resilience against failure; more importantly, the investigations of assortativity coefficient and average nearest-neighbour degree implied the disassortativity of the traffic networks. Since traffic network hierarchy as an important basic property has been neither studied intensively nor proved quantitatively, the authors are inspired to analyse traffic network hierarchy with disassortativity and to finely characterize hierarchy in the traffic networks by using the n-degree--n-clustering coefficient relationship. Through numerical results and analyses an exciting conclusion is drawn that the traffic networks exhibit a significant hierarchy, that is, the traffic networks are proved to be hierarchically organized. The result provides important information and theoretical groundwork for optimal transport planning.     

Evolutionary Prisoners' Dilemma Game on Scale-Free Networks with Degree-Degree Correlation

Degree-degree correlation and heterogeneity in degree are important topological properties characterizing scale-free networks. We consider an evolutionary prisoners＇ dilemma game on scale-free networks and investigate how degree-degree correlation influences cooperation. It is found that the cooperator frequency displays resonance-like behavior with the variation of Pearson correlation coefficient. A measure on local heterogeneity in a network is proposed and it is realized that cooperation is proportional to the local heterogeneity.     

Prisoner's Dilemma Game on Two Types of Positively Correlated Networks

We study the effects of degree correlations on the evolution of cooperation in the prisoner＇s dilemma game with individuals located on two types of positively correlated networks. It is shown that the positive degree correlation can either promote or inhibit the emergence of cooperation depending on network configurations. Furthermore, we investigate the probability to cooperate as a function of connectivity degree, and find that high-degree individuals generally have a higher tendency to cooperate. Finally, it is found that small-degree individuals usually change their strategy more frequently, and such change is shown to be unfavourable to cooperation for both kinds of networks.     

An Improved Car-Following Model for Multiphase Vehicular Traffic Flow and Numerical Tests

This paper attempts to introduce an improved difference model that modifies a car-following model, which takes the next-nearest-neighbor interaction into account. The hnprovement of this model over the previous one lies in that it performs more realistically in the dynamical motion for small delay time. The traffic behavior of the improved model is investigated with analytic and numerical methods with the finding that the new consideration could further stabilize traffic flow. And some simulation tests verify that the proposed model can demonstrate some complex physical features observed recently in real traffic such as the existence of three phases： free flow, coexisting flow, and jam flow; spontaneous formation of density waves; sudden flow drop in flow-density plane; traffic hysteresis in transition between the free and the coexisting flow. Furthermore, th.e improved model also predicts that the stable state to relative density in the coexisting flow is insusceptible to noise.     

Nonlinear analysis of traffic continuum jams in an anisotropic model

This paper presents our study of the nonlinear stability of a new anisotropic continuum traffic flow model in which the dimensionless parameter or anisotropic factor controls the non-isotropic character and diffusive influence. In order to establish traff~c flow stability criterion or to know the critical parameters that lead, on one hand, to a stable response to perturbations or disturbances or, on the other hand, to an unstable response and therefore to a possible congestion, a nonlinear stability criterion is derived by using a wavefront expansion technique. The stability criterion is illustrated by numerical results using the finite difference method for two different values of anisotropic parameter. It is also been observed that the newly derived stability results are consistent with previously reported results obtained using approximate linearisation methods. Moreover, the stability criterion derived in this paper can provide more refined information from the perspective of the capability to reproduce nonlinear traffic flow behaviors observed in real traffic than previously established methodologies.     

Nonlinear analysis of traffic jams in an anisotropic continuum model

This paper presents our study of the nonlinear stability of a new anisotropic continuum traffic flow model in which the dimensionless parameter or anisotropic factor controls the non-isotropic character and diffusive influence.In order to establish traffic flow stability criterion or to know the critical parameters that lead,on one hand,to a stable response to perturbations or disturbances or,on the other hand,to an unstable response and therefore to a possible congestion,a nonlinear stability criterion is derived by using a wavefront expansion technique.The stability criterion is illustrated by numerical results using the finite difference method for two different values of anisotropic parameter.It is also been observed that the newly derived stability results are consistent with previously reported results obtained using approximate linearisation methods.Moreover,the stability criterion derived in this paper can provide more refined information from the perspective of the capability to reproduce nonlinear traffic flow behaviors observed in real traffic than previously established methodologies.     

A new coupled-map car-following model based on a transportation supernetwork framework

A new car-following model is proposed by considering information from a number of preceding vehicles with intervehicle communication. A supernetwork architecture is first described, which has two layers： a traffic network and a communication network. The two networks interact with and depend on each other. The error dynamic system around the steady state of the model is theoretically analyzed and some nonjam criteria are derived. A simple control signal is added to the model to analyze the criteria of suppressing traffic jams. The corresponding numerical simulations confirm the correctness of the theoretical analysis. Compared with previous studies concerning coupled map models, the controlled model proposed in this paper is more reasonable and also more effective in the sense that it takes into account the formation of traffic congestion.     

Characteristics of synchronized traffic in mixed traffic flow

In this paper, the characteristics of synchronized traffic in mixed traffic flow are investigated based on the braking light model. By introducing the energy dissipation and the distribution of slowdown vehicles, the effects of the maximum velocity, the mixing ratio, and the length of vehicles on the synchronized flow are discussed. It is found that the maximum velocity plays a great role in the synchronized flow in mixed traffic. The energy dissipation and the distribution of slowdown vehicles in the synchronized flow region are greatly different from those in free flow and a traffic jamming region. When all of vehicles have the same maximum velocity with V max > 15, the mixed traffic significantly displays synchronized flow, which has been demonstrated by the relation between flow rate and occupancy and estimation of the cross-correlation function. Moreover, the energy dissipation in the synchronized flow region does not increase with occupancy. The distribution of slowdown vehicles shows a changeless platform in the synchronized flow region. This is an interesting phenomenon. It helps to deeply understand the synchronized flow and greatly reduce the energy dissipation of traffic flow.     

Dynamic evolutionary community detection algorithms based on the modularity matrix

Motivated by the relationship of the dynamic behaviors and network structure, in this paper, we present two efficient dynamic community detection algorithms. The phases of the nodes in the network can evolve according to our proposed differential equations. In each iteration, the phases of the nodes are controlled by several parameters. It is found that the phases of the nodes are ultimately clustered into several communities after a short period of evolution. They can be adopted to detect the communities successfully. The second differential equation can dynamically adjust several parameters, so it can obtain satisfactory detection results. Simulations on some test networks have verified the efficiency of the presented algorithms.     

Efficient Atomic One-Qubit Phase Gate Realized by a Cavity QED and Identical Atoms System

We present a scheme to implement a one-qubit phase gate with a two-level atom crossing an optical cavity in which some identical atoms are trapped. One can conveniently acquire an arbitrary phase shift of the gate by properly choosing the number of atoms trapped in the cavity and the velocity of the atom crossing the cavity. The present scheme provides a very simple and efficient way for implementing one-qubit phase gate.     

Nonequilibrium behavior of the kinetic metamagnetic spin-5/2 Blume–Capel model

The dynamic magnetic behavior of the kinetic metamagnetic spin-5/2 Blume–Capel model is examined, within a mean-field approach, under a time-dependent oscillating magnetic field. To describe the kinetics of the system, Glaubertype stochastic dynamics has been utilized. The mean-field dynamic equations of the model are obtained from the Master equation. Firstly, these dynamic equations are solved to find the phases in the system. Then, the dynamic phase transition temperatures are obtained by investigating the thermal behavior of dynamic sublattice magnetizations. Moreover, from this investigation, the nature of the phase transitions(first- or second-order) is characterized. Finally, the dynamic phase diagrams are plotted in five different planes. It is found that the dynamic phase diagrams contain the paramagnetic(P),antiferromagnetic(AF5/2, AF3/2, AF1/2) phases and five different mixed phases. The phase diagrams also display many dynamic critical points, such as tricritical point, triple point, quadruple point, double critical end point and separating point.     

Phase Diagram of Transverse Spin-2 Ising Model with Longitudinal Crystal Field

The transverse spin-2 Ising ferromagnetic model with a longitudinal crystal field is studied within the mean-field theory. The phase diagrams and magnetization curves are obtained by diagonalizing the Hamiltonian Hi of the Ising system numerically, and the first order-order phase transitions, the first order-disorder phase transitions, and the second-order phase transitions are discussed in details. Reentrant phenomena occur when the value of the transverse field is not zero and the reentrant diagram is given.     

Phase State as a Limiting Case of SU（1,1） Coherent State

We show that the Susskind-Glogower phase state is a limiting case of a kind of SU（1,1） coherent states. By analogy, based on the bipartite entangled state representation （ESR） we demonstrate that an appropriate SU（1,1） coherent state composed of the two-mode unitary phase operator e^i also leads to a new phase state in two-mode Fock space, e^i is diagonalized in the ESR.     

Generation of Atomic Cluster State via Adiabatic Evolution of Dark Eigenstates

We propose a scheme to generate atomic cluster states of arbitrary configuration in the cavity quantum electrodynamics （QED） system. The process is achieved via adiabatic evolution of dark states, which only requires adiabatically increasing or decreasing Rabi frequencies of laser. Thus it allows the robust implementation of entanglement against certain types of errors. Our scheme is relatively decoherence-free in the sense that excited atomic states are never populated and excited cavity photon states can be made negligible in certain conditions.     

Perturbation to Noether-Lie Symmetry and Adiabatic Invariants for Mechanical Systems in Phase Space

Based on the concept of adiabatic invariant, the perturbation to Noether-Lie symmetry and adiabatic invariants for mechanical systems in phase space are studied. The criterion of the Noether Lie symmetry for the perturbed system is given, and the definition of the perturbation to Noether-Lie symmetry for the system under the action of small disturbance is presented. Meanwhile, the Noether adiabatic invariants and the generalized Hojman adiabatic invariants of the perturbed system are obtained.     

Mechanical properties of jammed packings of frictionless spheres under an applied shear stress

By minimizing a thermodynamic-like potential, we unbiasedly sample the potential energy landscape of soft and frictionless spheres under a constant shear stress. We obtain zero-temperature jammed states under desired shear stresses and investigate their mechanical properties as a function of the shear stress. As a comparison, we also obtain the jammed states from the quasistatic-shear sampling in which the shear stress is not well-controlled. Although the yield stresses determined by both samplings show the same power-law scaling with the compression from the jamming transition point J at zero temperature and shear stress, for finite size systems the quasistatic-shear sampling leads to a lower yield stress and a higher critical volume fraction at point J. The shear modulus of the jammed solids decreases with increasing shear stress. However, the shear modulus does not decay to zero at yielding. This discontinuous change of the shear modulus implies the discontinuous nature of the unjamming transition under nonzero shear stress, which is further verified by the observation of a discontinuous jump in the pressure from the jammed solids to the shear flows. The pressure jump decreases upon decompression and approaches zero at the critical-like point J, in analogy with the well-known phase transitions under an external field. The analysis of the force networks in the jammed solids reveals that the force distribution is more sensitive to the increase of the shear stress near point J. The force network anisotropy increases with increasing shear stress. The weak particle contacts near the average force and under large shear stresses it exhibit an asymmetric angle distribution.     

Release of charges under external fields of PbLa（Zr,Sn,Ti）03 ceramic＊

This paper investigates the pyroelectric of poled antiferroelectric （AFE） ceramic Pbo.97Lao.02 （Zro.69Sno.196 Ti0.114）03 and its remnant polarization dependence of hydrostatic pressure. The results show that the bound charges of poled sample can be released in short time by temperature field or pressure field. The released charge abruptly forms a large pulse current. The phenomena of released charge under external fields result in the ferroelectric-AFE phase transition induced by temperature or hydrostatic pressure.     

Effects of Phase Damping on Controlled Teleportation of a Qubit by a GHZ State

We investigate controlled teleportation ofa qubit via a GHZ state with the influence of phase damping in the Bloch sphere representation. We use the average trace distance to describe how close the output state is to the input state to be teleported. Our results show that the average trace distance is a function of decoherence rates and angles of the analyzer performed by the controller in the single-particle projective measurement. Moreover, for a fixed value of the decoherence rate, one can adjust the analyzer angle to achieve the optimal average trace distance.