A technique capable of focusing and bending electromagnetic (EM) waves through plasmonic gratings with equally spaced alternately tapered slits has been introduced. Phase resonances are observed in the optical response of transmission gratings, and the EM wave passes through the tuning slits in the form of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and obtains the required phase retardation to focus at the focal plane. The bending effect is achieved by constructing an asymmetric phase front which results from the tapered slits and gradient refractive index (GRIN) distribution of the dielectric material. Rigorous electromagnetic analysis by using the two-dimensional (2D) finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is employed to verify our proposed designs. When the EM waves are incident at an angle on the optical axis, the beam splitting effect can also be achieved. These index-modulated slits are demonstrated to have unique advantages in beam manipulation compared with the width-modulated ones. In combination with previous studies, it is expected that our results could lead to the realization of ootimum designs for plasmonic nanolenses. 相似文献
To provide a more practical, easy-to-implement method to achieve directional modulation with a plasmonic lens, beam manipulation method via compound metallic gratings with two subwavelength slits filled with different dielectrics inside each period is proposed and numerically investigated by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Compared with conventional metal-grating based structures, phase retardation is tuned by the Fabry-Pérot (FP) resonant condition and light bending is achieved by constructing a carefully designed, curved phase front for the plasmonic lenses. Our designs have advantages in ease of fabrication and capability to perform in the far field. With these advantages, the designs are expected to be valuable in applications such as plasmonic circuits and photonic communication. 相似文献
We introduce a technique capable of focusing electromagnetic (EM) waves through plasmonic nanoslits symmetrically arranged along the indented semi-circular surface in silver background. The EM transports through the tuning slits in the form of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), and gets the required phase retardations to focus at the focal plane. Due to the subwavelength nature of planar metallic lens, we present the rigorous electromagnetic analysis by using two dimensional (2D) finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. These height-modulated slits with uniform width are demonstrated to have unique advantages in beam manipulation. In combination with previous studies, it is expected that our structure with small number of slits could lead to realization of optimum designs of plasmonic nano-lens. 相似文献
Based on the radiation properties of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) can be controlled by adjusting the refractive indexes of dielectric materials in the metallic slits, a novel plasmonic focusing structure formed by two subwavelength metal apertures filled with Kerr nonlinear material surrounded by surface dielectric gratings is proposed and demonstrated numerically. Directions of radiation fields are determined by the phase difference of the surface waves at the exit interface and resonance property of each surface grating. Numerical simulations using two-dimensional (2D) Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method verify that the deflection angle and focal length can be controlled easily by changing the intensity of incident light, dynamically tunable on-axis and off-axis focusing effects can be achieved. 相似文献
In this paper, we discuss the influence of ratio of minor to major axis on the propagation property and focusing performance of a plasmonic lens with variant periodic concentric elliptical slits illuminating under a Gaussian beam. In order to analyse the influence theoretically, a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical algorithm is adopted for the computational numerical calculation and the design of the plasmonic structure. The structure is flanked with penetrated slits through a 200-nm metal film (Au) which is coated on a quartz substrate. Tunability of focusing capability of the plasmonic lenses is studied by tailoring the ratio. Our calculation results demonstrate that the ratio of the elliptical slits greatly affects the focusing capability of the lense. The plasmonic lenses with concentric elliptical slits illuminating under a Gaussian beam have ultra-elongated depth of focus. These results are very encouraging for the future study of the plasmonic lens-based applications. 相似文献
This paper studies a small f-number metallic lens with depth-modulated slits.Slits filled with dielectric between silver plates are designed to produce desired optical phase retardations based on the particular propagation properties of surface plasmon polaritons in nanostructures.Numerical simulation of this structure is performed through the finitedifference time-domain method.Different from the conventional dielectric lens,the metallic lens can be used as a pure phase element without energy loss brought by the light refraction at curved surfaces and total internal reflection.The focusing performance is consequently improved,with larger diffraction efficiency than that of the same shaped dielectric lens. 相似文献
The spatiotemporal focusing of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) wave packets (WPs) by planar plasmonic‐lens coupling structures is described using combined femtosecond interferometric time‐resolved photoemission electron microscopy (ITR‐PEEM) imaging and model simulations. The focusing properties of lens structures inscribed lithographically into Ag films depend on the angle of incidence of the excitation field. Severe aberrations are introduced by the phase delay in the interaction of obliquely incident plane waves with the commonly employed circular arc‐shaped lens structures. It is shown that the aberration can be corrected by accounting for propagation delays caused by the incidence angle‐dependent retardation of the optical field‐lens structure interaction. The focusing of SPP‐WPs in both space and time is demonstrated with aberration corrected lens structures. 相似文献
We demonstrate active manipulating plasmonic signals with metal--nonlinear optical material--metal (M-NL-M) arrays consisting of slits with variant widths. The parameters of the M-NL-M array structure are derived by theoretical analysis of dispersion relationship. The splitting angle can be modulated by the incident light intensity, and verified by a nonlinear two-dimensional finite difference time domain method. The physical principle of this phenomenon is analysed from the phase of surface plasmon polaritons and Fabry--Pérot (F-P) resonance in slits 相似文献
A structure of active planar metallic-dielectric array is proposed to manipulate the propagation of light beam by tuning the phase of output light. The dielectric in the array is set as an electro-optical material so that the refractive index can be changed by applied voltage based on the electro-optical effect. While the light propagates through the array, the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are excited and the waveguide modes with variant propagation constants are formed in the dielectric regions to provide desired phase retardations. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used to numerically simulate the tunable phase characteristic of output light. The results show that, by adjusting the applied voltage on the dielectric regions, the angle compensation and beam focusing phenomena can be easily implemented, and the tunability of focal length is investigated in detail as an example. It is helpful for the design of actively-controlled plasmonic devices. 相似文献
The application of surface plasmonic effects in engineering of a wavelength-tunable silver nanolens for the beam focusing is considered. Its design includes flat nanoslits for phase and amplitude modulation of light beams. Initially its operation has been checked for light beams with a wavelength of about 1.3 µm by observing the variance in the focal point distance with respect to alterations in structural parameters, such as the metal thickness, slit width, and pitch. The near-field intensity with respect to deviation in the focal point and deflection from the mean power for an optical 100-nm window is estimated for other popular optical communication wavelengths (0.85 and 1.55 µm) using the finite-difference timedomain method with boundary conditions for anisotropic, perfectly matched layers. The novelty in the proposed lens is its capability to function satisfactorily for a tolerance range of ±2.5% in the design parameters for the wavelengths under consideration. 相似文献
The principle of a flat nano-metallic surface plasmonic lens is analyzed based on phase matching and effective refractive
index theory. The complex relationships between the macro-parameters such as focal length with other design freedoms, e.g.
material properties of the lens, sheet thickness, slit width, and slit pitch, are disclosed as well. A set of tailored formulae
are derived for the design of such a nano-metallic surface plasmonic lens. Several simplified implementations of the nano-metallic
lens such as a lens with equidistant slits but bearing different widths, and a lens with equal slit widths but different pitches
are given. The performance of the beyond-diffraction-limit focusing effect is given as well.
PACS 02.60.Cb; 78.20.Ci; 71.36.+c; 78.68.+m 相似文献
In this numerical study, we present and demonstrate a compact, electrical plasmonic beam-steering device composed of anisotropic material. The splitting angle can be modulated by the external electric or magnetic field. The physical principle of this phenomenon is evaluated from the phase of surface plasmon polaritons and Fabry-Perot (F-P) resonance in slits. Our numerical simulations with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique reveals that wide-angle (±27°) beam steering can be achieved. Moreover, the efficiency increases when increasing the steering angle. A special characteristic of the presented structure gives an opportunity to be used as an efficient element in a high integrated optical device for miniaturization and tuning purposes. 相似文献
A novel plasmonic nanolens formed by a tapered subwavelength metal slit surrounded by surface dielectric gratings is proposed and demonstrated numerically. By patterning surface corrugations on the output surface, the beam can be focused, by regulating the aperture, the focal length can be controlled effectively. Numerical simulations using Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method coupled with anisotropic perfectly matched layer (APML) boundary conditions verify that the proposed metallic lens can focus the radiation on the scale of a wavelength below the substrate and the method is effective for the design of nano-optical devices such as optical microprobes. 相似文献
Traditional detour‐phase hologram is a powerful optical device for manipulating phase and amplitude of light, but it is usually not sensitive to the polarization of light. By introducing the light‐metasurface interaction mechanism to the traditional detour phase hologram, we design a novel plasmonic nano‐slits assisted polarization selective detour phase meta‐hologram, which has attractive advantages of polarization multiplexing ability, broadband response, and ultra‐compact size. The meta‐hologram relies on the dislocations of plasmonic slits to achieve arbitrary phase distributions, showing strong polarization selectivity to incident light due to the plasmonic response of deep‐subwavelength slits. To verify its polarization sensitive and broadband responses, we experimentally demonstrate two holographic patterns of an optical vortex and an Airy beam at p‐ and s‐polarized light with wavelengths of 532nm, 633nm and 780nm, respectively. Furthermore, we realize an application example of the meta‐hologram as a polarization multiplexed photonic device for multi‐channel optical angular momentum (OAM) generation and detection. Such meta‐holograms could find widespread applications in photonics, such as chip‐level beam shaping and high‐capacity OAM communication.
A method of determining stress at a point is suggested here. The effect of bending of a wave front that is due to variations of the refractive index is used to measure different aspects of stresses. A Fourier lens with a cross slit at its front focal plane is used to form interference fringes at planes near its back focal plane. The sample, illuminated by a plane-parallel coherent beam of light, is placed close to a cross slit, and the change in fringe pattern due to axial shift of the spectrum planes of the slits is measured to relate it to the state of stress. 相似文献
We demonstrate experimentally the generation and near-field imaging of nondiffracting surface waves, plasmonic Airy beams, propagating on the surface of a gold metal film. The Airy plasmons are excited by an engineered nanoscale phase grating, and demonstrate significant beam bending over their propagation. We show that the observed Airy plasmons exhibit self-healing properties, suggesting novel applications in plasmonic circuitry and surface optical manipulation. 相似文献