Status of KLOE-2

In a few months the KLOE-2 detector is expected to start data taking at the upgraded DAФNE φ-factory of INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati. It aims to collect 25 fb^-1 at the φ（1020） peak, and about 5 fb^-1 in the energy region between 1 and 2.5 GeV. We review the status and physics program of the project.     

Two-coupled structural modulations in charge-density-wave state of SrPt_2As_2 superconductor

Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) study of SrPt2As2 reveals two incommensurate modulations appearing in the charge-density-wave(CDW) state below TCDW≈ 470 K. These two structural modulations can be well explained in terms of condensations of two-coupled phonon modes with wave vectors of q1= 0.62a*on the a*–b*plane and q2=0.23a*on the a*–c*plane. The atomic displacements occur along the b-axis direction for q1and along the c-axis direction for q2, respectively. Moreover, the correlation between q1and q2can be generally written as q1=(q2+ a*)/2 in the CDW state, suggesting the presence of essential coupling between q1and q2. A small fraction of Ir doping on the Pt site in Sr(Pt1-xIrx)2As2(x ≤ 0.06) could moderately change these CDW modulations and also affect their superconductivities.     

Comparison between N2 and O2 anneals on the integrity of an Al2O3/SiaN4/SiO2/Si memory gate stack

In this paper the endurance characteristics and trap generation are investigated to study the effects of different postdeposition anneals （PDAs） on the integrity of an Al2O3/Si3N4/SiOz/Si memory gate stack. The flat-band voltage （Vfb） turnarounds are observed in both the programmed and erased states of the N2-PDA device. In contrast, this turnaround is observed only in the erased state of the O2-PDA device. The Vfb in the programmed state of the O2-PDA device keeps increasing with increasing program/erase （P/E） cycles. Through the analyses of endurance characteristics and the low voltage round-trip current transients, it is concluded that in both kinds of device there are an unknown type of pre-existing characteristic deep traps and P/E stress-induced positive oxide charges. In the O2-PDA device two extra types of trap are also found： the pre-existing border traps and the P/E stress-induced negative traps. Based on these four types of defects we can explain the endurance characteristics of two kinds of device. The switching property of pre-existing characteristic deep traps is also discussed.     

Intensity and composition-dependent sign reversal of non-linearity in TiO2/CeO2 nanocomposites

CeO2/TiO2 composite nanoparticles with different Ce/Ti molar ratios have been successfully synthesized via sol-gel method. It was found that the band gap of the nanocomposite is tunable by varying Ce/Ti content. The nonlinear response of the sample was studied by using the nanosecond laser pulses from a Q switched Nd：Yag laser employing the Z-scan method. Open aperture Z-scan experiment revealed that with the increase in the CeO2 amount in the nanocomposite, the non-linearity of the composite increases, and it was assumed that this could be due to the modification of TiO2 dipole symmetry by the addition of CeO2. Closed aperture Z-scan experiment showed that when the CeO2 amount increases, positive nonlinear refraction decreases, and this could be attributed to the increase in the two photon absorption which subsequently suppresses the nonlinear refraction.     

Formation of epitaxial Tl_2Ba_2Ca_2Cu_3O_(10) superconducting films by dc-magnetron sputtering and triple post-annealing method

For obtaining pure phase T12Ba2Ca2Cu3O10 （T1-2223） films with good superconducting properties, the growth technique is improved by dc magnetron sputtering and a triple post-annealing process. The triple post-annealing process comprises annealing twice in argon and once in oxygen at different temperatures. In the first low-temperature annealing phase in argon, T12Ba2CaCu2O8 （T1-2212） is obtained to effectively minimize evaporation in the next step. With the increase of temperature in the second annealing stage in argon, the previously prepared T1-2212 inter-phase is converted into T1-2223 phase. An additional annealing in oxygen is also adopted to improve the properties of T1-2223 films, each containing an optimal oxygen content value. The results of X-ray diffraction （XRD） θ-2θ scans, 09 scans and rotational φ scans show that each of the T1-2223 films has a high phase purity and an epitaxial structure. Smooth films are observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The critical temperatures Tc of the films are measured to be about 120 K and the critical current densities Jc can reach 4.0 MA/cm2 at 77 K at self field.     

Production of CH （A2△） by multi-photon dissociation of （CH3）2CO,CH3NO2, CH2Br2, and CHBr3 at 213 nm

In order to realize electrostatic Stark deceleration of CH radicals and study cold chemistry, the fifth harmonic of a YAG laser is used to prepare CH(A2△) molecules through using the multi-photon dissociation of(CH3)2CO, CH3NO2, CH2Br2,and CHBr3 at ～ 213 nm. The CH product intensity is measured by using the emission spectrum of CH(A2△→ X2Π). The dependence of fluorescence intensity on laser power is studied, and the probable dissociation channels are analyzed. The relationship between the fluorescence intensity and some parameters, such as the temperature of the beam source, stagnation pressure, and the time delay between the opening of pulse valve and the photolysis laser, are also studied. The influence of three different carrier gases on CH signal intensity is investigated. The vibrational and rotational temperatures of the CH(A2△) product are obtained by comparing experimental data with the simulated ones from the LIFBASE program.     

Hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution to the muon g－2

We review recent developments concerning the hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. We first discuss why fully off-shell hadronic form factors should be used for the evaluation of this contribution to the g- 2. We then reevaluate the numerically dominant pion-exchange contribution in the framework of large-No QCD, using an off-shell pion-photon-photon form factor which fulfills all QCD short-distance constraints, in particular, a new short-distance constraint on the off-shell form factor at the external vertex in g- 2, which relates the form factor to the quark condensate magnetic susceptibility in QCD. Combined with available evaluations of the other contributions to hadronic light-by-light scattering this leads to the new result αμ^LbyL;had= （116±40） × 10^-11, with a conservative error estimate in view of the many still unsolved problems. Some potential ways for further improvements are briefly discussed as well. For the electron we obtain the new estimate αe^LbyL;had= （3.9± 1.3） × 10^-14.     

Subsolidus phase relation in the Bi2O3-Fe203-La2O3 system

Bismuth-containing semiconductor material is a hot topic in photocatalysts because of its effective absorption under the visible light. In this paper, we expect to explore a new bismuth-based photocatalyst by studying the subsolidus phase relations of the Bi2O3-Fe2O3-La2O3 system. The X-ray diffraction data shows that in this ternary system the ternary compound does not exist, while seven binary compounds （including one solid solution series Bi1-xLaxO1.5 with 0.167 〈 x 〈 0.339） are obtained and eight compatibility triangles are determined.     

Ionization Potentials and Quantum Defects of ls^2np^2p Rydberg States of Lithium Atom

Abstract In this work, ionization potentials and quantum effects of ls^2 np^2 P Rydberg states of lithium are calculated based on the calibrated quantum defect function. Energy levels and quantum defects for ls^2np^2P bound states and their adjacent continuum states are calculated with the R-matrix theory, and then the quantum defect function of the ls^2np （n ≥ 7） channel is obtained, which varies smoothly with the energy based on the quantum defect theory. The accurate quantum defect of the ls^2 7p^2P state derived from the experimental data is used to calibrate the original quantum defect function. The new function is used to calculate ionization potentials and quantum effects of ls^2np ^2P （n ≥ 7） Rydberg states. Present calculations are in agreement with recent experimental data in whole.     

Nucleon aPF2 Superfluid Pairing Gap in Asymmetry Nuclear Matter

The 3 P F2 superfluidity of neutron and proton is investigated in isospin-asymmetric nuclear matter within the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach and the BCS theory by adopting the Argonne V14 and the Argonne V18 nucleonnucleon interactions. We find that pairing gaps in the 3PF2 channel predicted by adopting the AV14 interaction are much larger than those by the AV18 interaction. As the isospin-asymmetry increases, the neutron 3 pF2 superfluidity is found to increase rapidly, whereas the proton one turns out to decrease and may even vanish at high enough asymmetries. As a consequence, the neutron 3pF2 superfluidity is much stronger than the proton one at high asymmetries and it predominates over the proton one in dense neutron-rich matter.     

Methyl orbital signatures in 2-amino-l-propanol

Electron density distributions of 2-aminoethanol （2AE） and 2-amino-l-propanol （2AP） are calculated in both the coordinate and the momentum spaces using the B3LYP/TZVP method. Using the dual space analysis, molecular orbital signatures of the methyl substituent in 2AP are identified with respect to 2AE. Relaxations of the geometry and the valence orbital in 2AP are found to be due to the insertion of the methyl group. Five orbitals, not four orbitals, are identified as the methyl signatures. They are orbital 5a in the core shell, orbitals 9a and 10a in the inner valence shell, and orbitals 15a and 16a in the outer valence. In the inner valence shell, the attachment of methyl to 2AE causes a splitting of its orbital 8a into orbitals 9a and 10a of 2AP, whereas in the outer valence shell, the methyl group results in the insertion of an additional orbital pair of 15a and 16a. The frontier molecular orbitals 21a, 20a, and 19a are found to have no significant role in the methylation of 2AE.     

Remarks on interpretations of the Eotvos experiment and misinterpretation of E=mc^2

The Eotvos experiment on the verification of equivalence between inertial mass and gravitational mass of a body is famous for its accuracy. A question is, however, can these experimental results be applied to the case of a physical space in general relativity, where the space coordinates could be arbitrary？ It is pointed out that it can be validly applied because it has been proven that Einstein＇s equivalence principle for a physical space must have a frame of reference with the Euclidean-like structure. Will claimed further that such an overall accuracy can be translated into an accuracy of the equivalence between inertial mass and each type of energy. It is shown that, according to general relativity, such a claim is incorrect. The root of this problem is due to an inadequate understanding of special relativity that produced the famous equation E=mc^2, which must be understood in terms of energy conservation. Concurrently, it is pointed out that this error is a problem in Will＇s book, ‘Theory and Experiment in Gravitational Physics＇.     

Transport properties of a binary mixture of CO2-N2 from the pair potential energy functions based on a semi-empirical inversion method

The potential energy snrface of a CO2-N2 mixture is determined by using an inversion method, together with a new collision integral correlation [J. Phys. Chem. R@ Data 19 1179 （1990）]. With the new invert potential, the transport properties of CO2-N2 mixture are presented in a temperature range front 273.15 K to 3273.15 K at low density by employing the Chapman-Enskog scheme and the Wang Chang-Uhlenbeck de Boer theory, consisting of a viscosity coefficient, a thermal conductivity coefficient, a binary diffusion coefficient, and a thermal diffusion factor. The accuracy of the predicted results is estimated to be 2% for viscosity, 5% for thermal conductivity, and 10% for binary diffusion coefficient.     

Nonequilibrium behavior of the kinetic metamagnetic spin-5/2 Blume–Capel model

The dynamic magnetic behavior of the kinetic metamagnetic spin-5/2 Blume–Capel model is examined, within a mean-field approach, under a time-dependent oscillating magnetic field. To describe the kinetics of the system, Glaubertype stochastic dynamics has been utilized. The mean-field dynamic equations of the model are obtained from the Master equation. Firstly, these dynamic equations are solved to find the phases in the system. Then, the dynamic phase transition temperatures are obtained by investigating the thermal behavior of dynamic sublattice magnetizations. Moreover, from this investigation, the nature of the phase transitions(first- or second-order) is characterized. Finally, the dynamic phase diagrams are plotted in five different planes. It is found that the dynamic phase diagrams contain the paramagnetic(P),antiferromagnetic(AF5/2, AF3/2, AF1/2) phases and five different mixed phases. The phase diagrams also display many dynamic critical points, such as tricritical point, triple point, quadruple point, double critical end point and separating point.     

Control of Codimension-2 Bautin Bifurcation in Chaotic Lu System

In this paper, we design a feedback controller, and analytically determine a control criterion so as to control the codimension-2 Bautin bifurcation in the chaotic Lfi system. According to the control criterion, we determine a potential Bautin bifurcation region （denoted by P） of the controlled system. This region contains the Bautin bifurcation region （denoted by Q） of the uncontrolled system as its proper subregion. The controlled system can exhibit Bautin bifurcation in P or its proper subregion provided the control gains are properly chosen. Particularly, we can control the appearance of Bautin bifurcation at any appointed point in the region P. Due to the relationship between Bantin bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation, the control scheme thereby is also viable for controlling the creation and stability of the Hopf bifurcation. In the controller, there are two terms： a linear term and a nonlinear cubic term. We show that the former determines the location of the Hopf bifurcation while the latter regulates its criticality. We also carry out numerical studies, and the simulation results confirm our analyticai predictions.     

New g－2 experiment at J-PARC

A new measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the positive muon αμ is proposed with a novel technique utilizing an ultra-cold muon beam accelerated to 300 MeV/c and a 66 cm-diameter muon storage ring without focusing-electric field. This measurement will be complimentary to the previous measurement that achieved 0.54 ppm accuracy with the magic energy of 3.1 GeV in a 14 m diameter storage ring. The proposed experiment aims to achieve the sensitivity down to 0.1 ppm.     

New results on the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon g－2

Results on the lowest-order hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon magnetic anomaly are presented. They are based on the latest published experimental data used as input to the dispersion integral. Thus recent results on τ→υτππ^0 decays from Belle and on e^＋e^- annihilation to π^＋π^- from BABAR and KLOE are included. The new data, together with improved isospin-breaking corrections for τ decays, result into a much better consistency among the different results. A discrepancy between the Standard Model prediction and the direct g- 2 measurement is found at the level of 3σ.     

An optimized,sensitive and stable reduced graphene oxide–gold nanoparticle-luminol-H2O2 chemiluminescence system and its potential analytical application

The chemiluminescence （CL） performance of luminol is improved using reduced graphene oxide/gold nanoparticle （rGO-AuNP） nano-composites as catalyst. To prepare this catalyst, we propose a linker free, one-step method to in- situ synthesize rGO-AuNP nano-composites. Various measurements are utilized to characterize the resulting rGO-AuNP samples, and it is revealed that rGO could improve the stability and conductivity. Furthermore, we investigate the CL signals of luminal catalyzed by rGO-AuNP. Afterwards, the size effect of particle and the assisted enhancement effect of rGO are studied and discussed in detail. Based on the discussion, an optimal, sensitive and stable rGO-AuNP-luminon- H202 CL system is proposed. Finally, we utilize the system as a sensor to detect hydrogen peroxide and organic compounds containing amino, hydroxyl, or thiol groups. The CL system might provide a more attractive platform for various analytical devices with CL detection in the field of biosensors, bioassays, and immunosensors.     

Iron trichloride as oxidizer in acid slurry for chemical mechanical polishing of Ge2Sb2Te5

The effect of iron trichloride （FeC13） on chemical mechanical polishing （CMP） of Ge2Sb2Te5 （GST） film is inves- tigated in this paper. The polishing rate of GST increases from 38 nm/min to 144 nm/min when the FeC13 concentration changes from 0.01 wt% to 0.15 wt%, which is much faster than 20 nm/min for the 1 wt% H2O2-based slurry. This polish- ing rate trends are inversely correlated with the contact angle data of FeCl3-based slurry on the GST film surface. Thus, it is hypothesized that the hydrophilicity of the GST film surface is associated with the polishing rate during CMP. Atomic force microscope （AFM） and optical microscope （OM） are used to characterize the surface quality after CMP. The chemical mechanism is studied by potentiodynamic measurements such as Ecorr and Icorr to analyze chemical reaction between FeCl3 and GST surface. Finally, it is verified that slurry with FeCl3 has no influence on the electrical property of the post-CMP GST film by the resistivity-temperature （RT） tests.     

Stacking stability of MoS_2 bilayer: An ab initio study

The study of the stacking stability of bilayer MoS2 is essential since a bilayer has exhibited advantages over single layer MoS2 in many aspects for nanoelectronic applications. We explored the relative stability, optimal sliding path between different stacking orders of bilayer MoS2, and （especially） the effect of inter-layer stress, by combining first-principles density functional total energy calculations and the climbing-image nudge-elastic-band （CI-NEB） method. Among five typical stacking orders, which can be categorized into two kinds （I： AA＇, AB and II： AA＇, AB＇, A＇B）, we found that stacking orders with Mo and S superposing from both layers, such as AA＇ and AB, is more stable than the others. With smaller computational efforts than potential energy profile searching, we can study the effect of inter-layer stress on the stacking stability. Under isobaric condition, the sliding barrier increases by a few eV/（uc.GPa） from AA＇ to ABt, compared to 0.1 eV/（uc.GPa） from AB to [AB]. Moreover, we found that interlayer compressive stress can help enhance the transport properties of AA＇. This study can help understand why inter-layer stress by dielectric gating materials can be an effective means to improving MoS2 on nanoelectronic applications.