共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 593 毫秒
1.
In this paper, we study the planar gyrotron theoretically and numerically. Applying the large-signal theory to the planar gyrotron, the wave equation of electric field and the equation of motion of an electron are simultaneously solved to obtain some characteristic parameters, such as the phase-space plot of electrons, working frequency, startup time, electronic efficiency, and output power of the device. To verify the formulations used in this paper, three-dimensional particle simulations are performed on the same device, and the numerical results accord well with those obtained by using the large-signal theory. Theoretical and numerical results show that the electronic efficiency can reach 21% for the prototype of the planar gyrotron working at the frequency of 0.81 THz. 相似文献
2.
S. Mitsudo Aripin T. Shirai T. Matsuda T. Kanemaki T. Idehara 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》2000,21(4):661-676
ESR device using a submillimeter wave gyrotron as a radiation source and a pulse magnet for high field up to 30 T has been constructed. Our gyrotrons (Gyrotron FU series) were developed as millimeter and submillimeter wave radiation sources and have attractive advantages for ESR spectroscopy, for example, high power and frequency tunability over broad range. The ESR device has been successfully applied to three cases of ESR measurements. In the first case, the temperature dependence of ESR was measured for a typical antiferromagnetic material MnO at the frequency of 301 GHz. In the second case, the dependence of the fine structure constant of the ruby on the magnetic field intensity was measured in the millimeter to submillimeter wave region. In these two cases, the gyrotron was operated by complete cw mode. In the final case, a pulse technique was applied to the ESR, the gyrotron was operated in pulse mode and the pulsed magnetic field was generated in the synchronized phase with the gyrotron operation. 相似文献
3.
TiO_2 composite electron transport layers for planar perovskite solar cells by mixed spray pyrolysis with precursor solution incorporating TiO_2 nanoparticles 下载免费PDF全文
Perovskite solar cells with planar structure are attractive for their simplified device structure and reduced hysteresis effect. Compared to conventional mesoporous devices, TiO_2 porous scaffold layers are removed in planar devices. Then,compact TiO_2 electron transport layers take the functions of extracting electrons, transporting electrons, and blocking holes.Therefore, the properties of these compact TiO_2 layers are important for the performance of solar cells. In this work, we develop a mixed spray pyrolysis method for producing compact TiO_2 layers by incorporating TiO_2 nanoparticles with different size into the precursor solutions. For the optimized nanoparticle size of 60 nm, a power conversion efficiency of 16.7% is achieved, which is obviously higher than that of devices without incorporated nanoparticles(9.9%). Further investigation reveals that the incorporation of nanoparticles can remarkably improve the charge extraction and recombination processes. 相似文献
4.
M. A. Khozin G. G. Denisov S. V. Kuzikov A. B.Pavelyev 《Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics》2010,53(2):111-121
We consider the possibility to create a gyrotron with smooth mechanical frequency tuning on the basis of multimirror quasi-optical
resonators. The two-dimensional problem of finding igenmodes at the open quasi-cylindrical resonator of such a type is solved.
Parameters of the gyrotron based on such a device, namely, its efficiency and starting current, are estimated. 相似文献
5.
McDermott D.B. Balkcum A.J. Luhmann N.C. Jr. 《IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society》1996,24(3):613-619
A 50-kV third-harmonic gyrotron is shown to be capable of high efficiency. Operation at the third harmonic allows the required magnetic field for 35 GHz generation to be supplied by a 4.5-kG permanent magnet. Two gyrotrons employing sliced circuits for mode control have been evaluated with a large-signal nonself-consistent particle-tracing simulation code and found to be capable of producing 25 kW continuously. The preliminary design of a third-harmonic TE41 gyrotron utilizing a magnetron injection electron gun is predicted to yield a device efficiency of 17%, which can potentially be increased to 46% with an ideal single-stage depressed collector, while an axis-encircling electron beam from a Cusp electron gun is predicted to drive a third-harmonic TE31 gyrotron with a device efficiency of 23%, which can theoretically be increased to 45% through the use of an ideal depressed collector 相似文献
6.
Levush B. Antonsen T.M. Jr. 《IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society》1990,18(3):260-272
One of the most important problems in the design of high-power millimeter-wave sources such as gyrotron oscillators is insuring that the device operates in the desired mode. For high-power and short-wavelength devices the effective mode density is high, in that the current is above threshold for many modes. One then is led to ask whether operation in a single mode is possible and what steps must be taken to maximize the electronic efficiency of the device while ensuring single-mode operation. The answer to the first question has been determined to be yes. Provided that certain conditions are met, single-mode operation is stable. The present results emphasize time-dependent multimode simulations showing how these stable states can be accessed. In particular, the accessibility to the stable single mode with maximum efficiency is studied. Regions of parameter space for which stable single-mode operation is possible are plotted for an annular beam for a closed-cavity gyrotron operating at a high-order whispering-gallery mode (TE80.4). These results also apply to the quasioptical gyrotron with a pencil electron beam 相似文献
7.
定义了光子带隙谐振腔(photonic-band-gap cavity, PBGC)的等效半径,论证了使用该半径将PBGC等效为具有模式选择性的金属圆柱谐振腔的有效性,揭示了其在PBGC设计过程中的指导性作用.基于等效半径的运用,建立起光子带隙谐振腔回旋管振荡器(PBG回旋管)的自洽非线性理论,并对工作于TE32模的PBG回旋管作了理论分析和数值计算.目前的研究表明:高频电磁场沿角向呈行波或驻波的不同极化形式对PBG回旋管的注-波互作用过程具有较大的影响;较之电子回旋基波,该器件中二
关键词:
光子带隙谐振腔
等效半径
回旋管
自洽非线性理论 相似文献
8.
The operation of a gyrotron having a cylindrical resonator with an azimuthally corrugated wall is analyzed. In such a device, wall corrugation cancels the degeneracy of the modes with azimuthally standing patterns. The coupling between these modes depends on the radius of electron beam. It is shown that such a gyrotron can be easily switched from one mode to another. When the switching is done with the repetition frequency equal to the rotational frequency of magnetic islands, this sort of operation can be used for suppression of neoclassical tearing modes in large-scale tokamaks and stellarators. 相似文献
9.
M. A. Moiseev V. E. Zapevalov N. A. Zavolsky 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》2001,22(6):813-833
The possibilities to increase efficiency of relativistic gyrotrons by optimizing gyrotron parameters have been considered and different calculated models of gyrotrons, compared. Dependencies of the efficiency and optimal parameters on the accelerating voltage have been obtained. It is shown that efficiency of 35-45% can be achieved in a strongly relativistic gyrotron without energy recovery, and 60-70%, in the device with single stage energy recovery of the electron beam. 相似文献
10.
McDermott D.B. Statzman R.C. Balkcum A.J. Luhmann N.C. 《IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society》1998,26(3):402-408
A low-voltage second-harmonic gyrotron intended as a compact lightweight source has been designed and evaluated with a particle-tracing code and the particle-in-cell code MAGIC. The two codes are shown to be in good agreement when applied to a conventional fundamental-frequency gyrotron and also to the novel second-harmonic gyrotron. The 25-kW continuous wave (CW) 94-GHz gyrotron with a predicted conversion efficiency of 32% and device efficiency of 22.5% is driven by a 25-kV 4.5-A (υ⊥/υ2=1.5, Δυz/υz=7%) electron beam from a magnetron injection gun and employs a low-loss TE021/TE031 complex cavity for mode control. Although the 17-kG CW gyrotron will use a cryogen-free high-Tc superconducting magnet, a 94-GHz prototype will be tested at low duty with a conventional low-Tc superconducting magnet 相似文献
11.
通过对二次谐波低电压突变结构复合腔回旋管中谐振腔结构、模式竞争以及电子注-波互作用的研究,分析了高频结构特性、寄生模式的抑制和工作参数优化等问题。给出了3 mm 二次谐波低损耗TE02/TE03模式回旋管的模拟设计结果。计算采用了坡度磁场,互作用效率得到显著提高。PIC粒子模拟结果表明:在电子注电压25 kV、电流4 A、纵横速度比1.6、工作磁场1.72 T时,回旋管可获得37 kW 的输出功率,横向运动能量转换效率高达51%,器件效率为37%。 相似文献
12.
P. E. Latham V. L. Granatstein Y. Carmel 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》1993,14(6):1217-1227
For imaging radar and for satelitte and space communication (e.g. NASA's deep space network), it is important that the bandwidth be as large as possible. Here we derive a formalism for computing the phase locking bandwidth that can be achieved in a gyrotron oscillator while varying the beam voltage. As an example, a second harmonic TE02/03 gyrotron is considered. For this device, the effective bandwidth can be increased by a factor of about 3 compared with the fixed voltage case by allowing the beam voltage to change together with the input locking signal. 相似文献
13.
G. F. Brand 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》1999,20(6):1207-1219
In previous papers we have shown how beams of millimeter-wavelength electromagnetic radiation with phase singularities can be generated by diffraction from a specially-configured forked blazed grating. Here we consider how the hollow conical beam output of a gyrotron is diffracted by this kind of grating. Two applications are considered; using the grating (a) as a single-element quasioptical antenna to convert the output into a well-collimated gaussian-like beam and (b) as a device to enable the estimation of the fractions in oppositely-rotating modes in the gyrotron output. 相似文献
14.
S. O. Kuznezov V. I. Malygin 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》1991,12(11):1241-1252
The output radiation of a gyrotron has the form close to the Gaussian beam. Knowing parameters of the wave beam along its way from a gyrotron to an object permits one to optimize the transmission losses. By this, the structure of the wave beam can be recorded with an infrared camera in several cross-sections of the beam. Real gyrotron wave beam is approximated with high precision by the Gaussian beam. 相似文献
15.
16.
Shi-Chang Zhang Manfred Thumm 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》1999,20(2):157-170
Based on the gyrokinetics of free-electron masers, the energy-transfer rate and starting current are derived for a coaxial-cavity electron cyclotron maser (gyrotron oscillator) with the misalignment of the inner-rod axis to the outer-cavity axis taken into account. The effect of the finite cavity length is included in the derivation. The stable term of the instability which results from the contribution of the guiding-center distribution is of significance, although it is usually neglected in a cylindrical-cavity gyrotron. It is found that the structure misalignment has more serious influence on the performance of the coaxial cavity gyrotron than the beam misalignment. 相似文献
17.
为解决回旋管行波管收集极的散热问题,保障回旋行波管工作的可靠性和稳定性,利用CST电子仿真软件模拟出电子在回旋行波管中的运动轨迹,并因此确定了进入收集极的电子注的初始条件。利用ANSYS有限元软件对回旋行波管收集极的散热特性进行详细的模拟计算,分析比较了不同热流密度加载方式对收集极温度分布的影响。采用非均匀热流加载方式探究了水温和流速对收集极温度的影响,并对收集极的散热翼片的数目和尺寸进行了优化,最终得出了比较理想的结构。模拟结果优于经验值,说明了所用模型和方法的正确性。 相似文献
18.
Chongqing Jiao Jirun Luo 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》2006,27(9):1173-1182
Based on a simplified model, an analytic theory describing the bunching of the electron beam in a gyrotron traveling wave
tube (gyro-TWT) with two-stage interaction circuit is presented. The analytic formulas of the traveling-wave bunching parameter,
ballistic bunching parameter, and the density of the bunching beam are obtained. The bunching procedures corresponding to
different harmonic operations are studied. It is shown that the maximum of harmonic component depends on the ratio of the
harmonic number in the output stage to that in the input stage, not on their absolute values. 相似文献
19.
Dynamics of the axial mode transition process in a 0.33-THz second-harmonic gyrotron is investigated to reveal the physical mechanism of realizing broadband frequency tuning in an open cavity circuit. A new interaction mechanism about propagating waves, featured by wave competition and wave cooperation, is presented and provides a new insight into the beam-wave interaction. The two different features revealed in the two different operation regions of low-order axial modes(LOAMs) and high-order axial modes(HOAMs) respectively determine the characteristic of the overall performance of the device essentially. The device performance is obtained by the simulation based on the time-domain nonlinear theory and shows that using a 12-kV/150_(-mA) electron beam and TE_(-3,4) mode, the second harmonic gyrotron can generate terahertz radiations with frequency-tuning ranges of about 0.85 GHz and 0.60 GHz via magnetic field and beam voltage tuning,respectively. Additionally, some non-stationary phenomena in the mode startup process are also analyzed. The investigation in this paper presents guidance for future developing high-performance frequency-tunable gyrotrons toward terahertz applications. 相似文献
20.
开展了40 kW预群聚注入锁相回旋管的理论与模拟设计。基于全电磁仿真方法完成了预群聚腔的设计,并采用给定场理论对电子束经过预调制腔后的群聚状态进行了计算。采用自洽理论获得了回旋管的自由振荡工作参数,并计算了振荡频率随各种参数变化的规律,由此提出了锁相带宽的要求。采用PIC粒子模拟进行了锁相状态的模拟,得到7 mm漂移距离下锁定增益可达30.5 dB,相应的锁相带宽为20 MHz。如果进一步增长漂移距离或者进一步增大输入功率,锁相带宽还会增大。理论计算和粒子模拟结果表明40 kW级回旋管注入锁相具有良好的可行性。 相似文献