Investigations on photolon-and porphyrin-doped sol-gel fiberoptic coatings for laser-assisted applications in medicine

In view of laser-assisted medical applications, the construction of silica-based sol-gel fiberoptic sensors based on photolon (Ph) and protoporphyrin IX (PP IX) is discussed. Electron microscopy and AFM were used to characterize the silica sol-gel coatings. AFM measurements indicate a change in the surface porosity. The PP IX-based sensors were constructed as a one-layer optode as well as a multilayered structure. An additional hybrid sensor made up of alternate layers of PP IX-and Ph-doped sol-gel was also constructed and examined. Sol-gel matrices were prepared from silicate precursor tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) mixed with ethanol in acid-catalyzed hydrolysis. The carrier matrices of photosensitive dyes were produced with factor R = 20, where R denotes the ratio of solvent moles (ethanol) to the number of TEOS moles. A multilayered coating was built up using the reverse-dipping technique. The overall coating thickness was determined by electron microscopy. Doped sol-gels with different PP IX concentrations were used to produce fiberoptic coatings. The film optodes with a different number of layers were examined by fluorescence spectroscopy. It was found that photolon and protoporphyrin IX entrapped in sol-gel preserve their chemical reactivity and have contact with the external environment. The hybrid sensor demonstrated clear fluorescence and a reversible behavior in gaseous environments.     

Plastic coating of glass fibers and its influence on strength

Sodium borosilicate glass fibers pulled from the melt were plastic coated “on-line” to preserve the fiber strength. By the use of tapered nozzles within the coating applicator the coating could be made concentric around the fiber, and a 40-μm concentric coating was found to be sufficient for the fiber to withstand a mild abrasion test with no deterioration in strength. Strength measurements made in ambient conditions showed that the fiber had a uniform breaking strain of 4% elongation. The same fiber measured at liquid nitrogen temperatures had a breaking strain of 14%, even after extensive handling, which is close to the theoretical glass cohesive strength.     

Plastic coating of glass fibers and its influence on strength

Abstract

Sodium borosilicate glass fibers pulled from the melt were plastic coated “on-line” to preserve the fiber strength. By the use of tapered nozzles within the coating applicator the coating could be made concentric around the fiber, and a 40-μm concentric coating was found to be sufficient for the fiber to withstand a mild abrasion test with no deterioration in strength. Strength measurements made in ambient conditions showed that the fiber had a uniform breaking strain of 4% elongation. The same fiber measured at liquid nitrogen temperatures had a breaking strain of 14%, even after extensive handling, which is close to the theoretical glass cohesive strength.     

氦等离子体处理对纳米二氧化硅溶胶涂覆T300碳纤维拉伸性能的影响

氦等离子体处理纳米二氧化硅溶胶涂覆T300碳纤维能构造出特定空间结构形态的纳米涂覆层.扫描电子显微镜照片显示,经氦等离子体处理后纳米二氧化硅溶胶涂覆T300碳纤维的纳米涂覆层在纤维表面分布均匀,起到填补纤维表面微观缺陷的功能.X射线光电子能谱及傅里叶变换红外光谱显示,纤维表面被引入了活性官能团,纳米二氧化硅涂覆层与碳纤维间有表面激活反应.形成纳米界面结构的T300碳纤维表面与纳米二氧化硅涂覆层间的相互作用符合艾琳方程,利用热激活体积可以对其相互作用进行定量分析.拉伸试验表明,屈服塑性变形导致纳米界面结构热激活,纳米微粒阻碍碳纤维表面大分子链形貌变化的热激活体积是纳米界面结构性能的重要表征. 关键词： 激活体积 溶胶涂覆 氦等离子体 纳米界面结构     

Effect of silane/nano-silica on the mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced epoxy composites

The present study explains the role of surface modification of constituent materials on composite material performance. The influence of silane and nano-hybrid coatings on mechanical properties of basalt fibers and composite materials on their base was investigated. Infrared spectroscopy indicated that modification of basalt fiber surface and nano-SiO₂ was successfully applied. The surface modification leads to the significant increase in the tensile strength of basalt fibers compared to the non-coated fibers. The tensile strength of silane-treated fibers was established 23% higher than the non-coated fibers, indicating that silane plays a critical role in the strength retention of basalt fibers. Also it was pointed out that silane coupling agents can be used for the preparation of the nano-hybrid coating. Addition of SiO₂ nanoparticles into the fiber surface was incorporated to enhance the interfacial bonding of basalt fiber reinforced epoxy composite.     

Preparation of continuous TiO2 fibers by sol-gel method and its photocatalytic degradation on formaldehyde

The continuous TiO₂ fibers were prepared by sol-gel method using the tetrabutyl orthotitanate as the precursor. The sol-formation process is studied by FT-IR spectroscopy. The synthesized continuous TiO₂ fibers were characterized using SEM, HRTEM and XRD. Results demonstrate that the titanate sol has good spinnability when R ≤ 2 (R = H₂O:Ti(OC₄H₉)₄, molar ratio). The fibers have the length of several meters and the diameter of about 30 μm. The fibers are a radial close-packed product of nano-particles with high crystallinity. The continuous TiO₂ fibers are co-crystal including anatase phase and rutile phase. The formaldehyde degradation ratio of continuous TiO₂ fiber was 98.6%.     

Bump formation on a glass surface with a transparent coating using femtosecond laser processing

The morphology of a glass surface having a transparent coating processed with focused femtosecond laser pulses is investigated. The transparent coating is formed of poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA). When the glass was coated with a PMMA film with a thickness of 2.8 μm, bumps were formed over a wide range of axial focus positions. The same laser pulse energy produced cavities when processing bare glass with no coating. The bumps were formed as a result of suppressing material emission from the glass surface by a shielding effect of plasma generated by ablation of the PMMA film and by physical blocking of the PMMA film. A thinner film with a thickness of 0.7 μm produced a reduced shielding effect, forming an exploded bump with a small pit at its center and debris around the periphery. PACS 44.10.+i; 61.80.Ba; 79.20.Ds     

单甲基原位改性SiO2疏水减反膜的制备与性能研究

 在碱性条件下通过TEOS和MTES的共水解缩聚反应制备了单甲基原位改性的SiO₂溶胶，并使用提拉法在K9玻璃基片上镀制了疏水减反膜。通过透射电镜（TEM）考察了镀膜溶胶的微结构，分别使用红外光谱（FTIR）分析了薄膜的组分，用原子力显微镜（AFM）观察了薄膜的表面形貌和起伏状况，用紫外可见光谱（UV-vis）考察了薄膜的减反射性能，用接触角仪测量了薄膜对水的接触角。并使用“R-on-1”的方式测量了薄膜在Nd:YAG激光（1 064 nm，1 ns）作用下的损伤阈值。结果表明，通过共水解缩聚反应可以把甲基引入镀膜溶胶簇团中，改善了溶胶簇团的网络结构，使薄膜得到相当好的疏水性能和更好的抗激光损伤性能，同时薄膜能保持较好的减反射性能。     

Protective sol-gel coating on silicate phosphor used in light emitting diodes

In this study, an orange-red silicate phosphor that is used in light emitting diodes (LEDs) was coated with a SiO₂ blocking layer via a sol-gel reaction of tetra-ethyl ortho-silicate (TEOS) to investigate its reliability as an encapsulant. A sol-gel coating protects the phosphor surface from moisture and reactive materials and improves the reliability of the phosphor. The efficacy of the phosphor coating following an 85 °C and 85 relative humidity (Rh)% test decreased by 7%, whereas an uncoated phosphor coating decreased by 35%. A SiO₂ sol-gel coating decreases the luminous efficiency by a small amount with each coating.     

Laser shock wave consolidation of nanodiamond powders on aluminum 319

A novel coating approach, based on laser shock wave generation, was employed to induce compressive pressures up to 5 GPa and compact nanodiamond (ND) powders (4-8 nm) on aluminum 319 substrate. Raman scattering indicated that the coating consisted of amorphous carbon and nanocrystalline graphite with peaks at 1360 cm⁻¹ and 1600 cm⁻¹ respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a wavy, non-uniform coating with an average thickness of 40 μm and absence of thermal effect on the surrounding material. The phase transition from nanodiamond to other phases of carbon is responsible for the increased coating thickness. Vicker's microhardness test showed hardness in excess of 1000 kg_f/mm² (10 GPa) while nanoindentation test indicated much lower hardness in the range of 20 MPa to 2 GPa. Optical surface profilometry traces displayed slightly uneven surfaces compared to the bare aluminum with an average surface roughness (R_a) in the range of 1.5-4 μm depending on the shock wave pressure and type of confining medium. Ball-on-disc tribometer tests showed that the coefficient of friction and wear rate were substantially lower than the smoother, bare aluminum sample. Laser shock wave process has thus aided in the generation of a strong, wear resistant, durable carbon composite coating on aluminum 319 substrate.     

γ射线辐照对掺Yb光纤材料性能的影响

采用改进的化学气相沉积法制备掺Yb石英光纤预制棒,以该预制棒制备了尺寸为10/130μm的双包层掺Yb光纤,将这些光纤分成若干组,在不同剂量的60Coγ辐射源下辐照,测试了光纤在辐射前后的吸收谱和激光性能以及光纤预制棒切片辐照后的吸收.实验结果表明:光纤中已存在的色心缺陷(如氧空位(II))和辐照引起的色心缺陷(如E’心、过氧基以及Yb2+离子)等因素的叠加作用可能导致辐照后的光纤在可见光区域的吸收显著增大;与辐照前相比,辐照后光纤的斜率效率、光-光效率显著下降,剂量越大激光性能下降得越厉害;基于Power-Law定理拟合了光纤辐致损耗与所受剂量的关系曲线,定量分析了不同剂量辐照后光纤激光性能下降的原因.研究结果将为进一步发展抗辐照光纤提供理论和实验依据.     

多重分形谱研究溶胶-凝胶SiO2疏水减反膜的激光预处理作用

采用溶胶-凝胶提拉技术制备了SiO₂疏水减反膜.使用Nd：YAG激光（波长为1064nm,脉宽为7.5ns）采用“R on 1”方式对所得膜层进行了激光预处理.在预处理前后采用“1 on 1”方式考察了薄膜的激光损伤阈值的变化,使用原子力显微镜（AFM）观察了薄膜的表面形貌的变化,并使用多重分形谱（MFS）方法分析了薄膜分形结构的变化.结果表明经过激光预处理后薄膜的抗激光损伤阈值有了明显提高,均方根表面粗糙度（R_q）稍有减小,膜面变平整,多重分形谱宽度收缩,分形区间的分布均匀性改善.这说明经过激光预处理后薄膜表面微结构趋向规整,使之能够承受更强的激光的辐照.同时也说明借助多重分形谱可以获得更多薄膜表面结构变化的信息,多重分形谱是探索强激光对光学薄膜辐照作用机理的一个十分有用的方法. 关键词： 2疏水减反膜')" href="#">SiO₂疏水减反膜 激光预处理 多重分形谱 激光损伤阈值     

Organic-inorganic hybrid superhydrophobic surfaces using methyltriethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane sol-gel derived materials in emulsion

By applying alkaline-catalyzed co-hydrolysis and copolycondensation reactions of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) in organic siloxane modified polyacrylate emulsion (OSPA emulsion), we are able to demonstrate the potential for developing a sol-gel derived organic-inorganic hybrid emulsion for a superhydrophobic surface research. TEOS and MTES derived sol-gel moieties can be designed for a physical roughness and hydrophobic characteristic (Si-CH₃) of the hybrid superhydrophobic surface, while OSPA emulsion can be endowed for good film-forming property. The effect of formulation parameters on superhydrophobicity and film-forming property was analyzed. The water contact angle (WCA) on the sol-gel derived hybrid film is determined to be 156°, and the contact angle hysteresis is 5° by keeping the mole ratio of TEOS:MTES:C₂H₅OH:NH₃·H₂O:AMP-95 at 1:4:30:10:0.63 and the mass percentage of OSPA emulsion at 25%. The nanoparticle-based silica rough surface is observed as the mole ratio of MTES/TEOS at 4:1. The sol-gel derived organic-inorganic hybrid emulsion shows remarkable film-forming property when the mole ratio of MTES/TEOS reaches or exceeds 4:1. With the primer coating, the performance of superhydrophobic film achieve actual use standard. It reveals that this new procedure is an effective shortcut to obtain a superhydrophobic surface with potential applications.     

激光诱导间质热疗的深低温流体冷却方法

为防止激光诱导间质内热疗治疗肿瘤时激光光纤加热段周围组织的炭化,本文提出了一种采用深低温流体对激光光纤及其临近组织进行降温冷却的方法.为验证该方法的可行性,本文对采用该方法后激光间质内热疗过程中组织的传热问题进行了深入的数值研究.结果表明,深低温流体冷却方法可避免局部高温对组织的炭化,并显著扩展有效加热范围,从而对肿瘤实施高效的热凝固.     

Dosimetric investigations of laser-induced phase transition of MX1-cell membranes by use of quantum dots

It is well known that laser scattered-light applicators when applied for laser-induced tumor therapy allow the precise thermal destruction of metastases. Using laser radiation in the NIR spectral range (usually, Nd:YAG laser systems λ = 1064 nm), a penetration depth of 5–10 cm (1/e is the decrease in radiation intensity) is achieved in biological tissues. The major tissue-optical parameters, i.e., absorption coefficient μ_a, scattering coefficient μ_s, and the anisotropy factor g, show biological tissues to be strongly scattering media which have a so-called optical window in the NIR. As a consequence, the therapeutic laser radiation is scattered and absorbed at a deeper level, leading to a virtual enlargement of the laser applicator. The thermal sclerotization and the thermal cell damage originate within the absorbing volume of the laser radiation and spread outward by thermal diffusion. There are three dosimetrically relevant zones of thermal and biological damage: (1) a zone of thermal coagulation; (2) a threshold of partial necrosis (destruction of all metabolic processes in the cell is the maintenance of essential parts of the cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane); this is characterized by a specific temperature range, the so-called phase transition, which refers to the transition from the gel phase of the biomembrane to the fluid phase; the determination of this temperature zone is an integral part of the following experimental investigations on MX1 cells; (3) an external zone of thermal effects made up of partial and multiple damage with a statistical chance of survival. This paper describes the investigations on heat stress in cancer cells to verify the maximum phase transition of the outer MX1 cell membranes and the related results. For this purpose, a novel method of quantum dot fluorescence dosimetry was developed. The evaluation of the measured laser-induced fluorescences yields a first approximation of the determination of the phase transition on MX1 cells.     

Spectral characteristics for a fiber grating external cavity laser

A numerical investigation has been carried out on the influence of the antireflection (AR) coating of laser, the coupling efficiency of laser and fiber (), and the reflectivity of fiber grating (R _g) on the side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of the fiber grating external cavity laser (FGECL). The FGECL was fabricated by the assembly of the multimode Fabry–Perot (FP) laser chip and fiber grating. The results showed that the FGECL with a lower AR coating, higher and R _g exhibited a better SMSR. A comparison of the SMSR dependence on the and R _g showed that SMSR increased more rapidly with increasing than SMSR for R _g. These spectral characteristic studies of the SMSR dependence on the device parameters of the AR coating, , and R _g may provide useful device designs for the practical fabrication of a FGECL for use in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) applications.     

Study on the electromagnetic propertiesof a coated radar absorbent

The sol-gel method is used to fabricate Fe crystalline powders coated with SiO2.By controlling the molar ratio R of diluted water to tetraethoxysilane(TEOS),Fe powders coated with SiO2 with different morphological characteristics are fabricated.The influence of the core diameter on electromagnetic parameters is investigated.The effect of the amount of the coating material SiO2 on electromagnetic parameters is given.Radar wave absorbing properties of Fe coated with SiO2 and TiO2 respectively are compared.     

Comparison of carbon fiber and cesium iodide-coated carbon fibercathodes

Presents results of an experimental comparison of a bare carbon fiber cathode and the same cathode when coated with cesium iodide salt (CsI). An annular cathode was constructed by arranging carbon fibers in an annular tuft pattern. The cathode was then operated as a bare carbon fiber cathode and in a configuration with a CsI coating. The cathode was tested at electric field strengths ranging from 50 kV/cm to 265 kV/cm at anode-cathode (A-K) gaps of 3.175 cm. The applied voltage had a 1-μs duration and the modulator was operated at up to 1 Hz repetition rate. The system had a low base pressure (<1.0×10^-7 torr). The article reports on results concerning the conditioning of the cathodes, the shot-to-shot reproducibility of the cathodes and the pressure evolution of the diode under 1 Hz operation. We also report on the impedance evolution of each of the diodes     

利用氟硅烷提高溶胶-凝胶SiO2增透膜的疏水性

 以正硅酸乙酯为前驱体，氨水为催化剂，采用溶胶 凝胶法制备了二氧化硅增透膜；通过自组装技术，用氟硅烷对膜层进行表面修饰，制得了疏水增透膜，克服了常规增透膜亲水的缺点。采用红外光谱、分光光度计、扫描探针显微镜和静滴接触角测量仪等测试手段分析了薄膜的特性。结果表明：疏水增透膜的峰值透光率为99.7％，疏水角为110°；氟硅烷自组装改性不影响二氧化硅增透膜的光学性能。     

Fabrication of Polypropylene/Poly (Trimethylene Terephthalate) Blend Fibers with Highly Improved Resiliency and Preserved Mechanical Properties

The main aim of this study was to deal with one of the major drawbacks of polypropylene (PP) fibers, i.e. low resiliency, by incorporating poly (trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) nano-fibrils as a dispersed material into the PP polymer matrix. Thanks to the special helical shape of the PTT polymer backbone, the incorporated nano-fibrils of the PTT polymer strengthened the resiliency of the blend fibers. The presence of 10 and 15?wt% of PTT in the blend fibers led to an approximately 20% increase in the resilience behavior, compared to pure PP fibers, with the mechanical properties of the PP matrix preserved. The development of the fibrillar structures during the different steps of the melt spinning process was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the lowest mean diameter of the nano-fibrils was 64?nm for the hot drawn blend fiber samples consisting of 10?wt% of PTT. In summary, we suggest the optimized blend fiber samples produced in this research will be a promising candidate for a wide range of engineering applications.