影响函数与有限元应力计算

用有限元法得到位移场后,总要计算应力场。通常的做法是对位移进行微商计算应变,再根据应力-应变关系计算应力。有限元位移计算的精度比较高,但通过用位移微商来计算应力,精度会大大降低。本文利用Hamilton对偶体系的已有成果,解析求解位移和应力的影响函数,利用有限元法计算得到的位移和节点力,通过功的互等定理,可以求得一点的应力值。因影响函数是分析解,而且计算应力时不必进行微商,应力精度大幅提高。数值结果表明该方法是可行的和有效的。由该方法编制成的计算程序,可作为有限元通用程序应力计算的一个模块,将较大地提高有限元应力计算的精度和稳定性。     

有限元广义应力影响函数定理及算法

当一个定向的单位集中力在结构上移动时,结构某处某应力分量的值是该力位置的函数,称为应力影响函数.本文作者曾经提出并证明了连续体和有限元模型的平均应力影响函数定理,设计了算法,编制了程序,可用于求各类单元组成的复杂结构的应力影响函数,并已应用于工程中。本文发展上述理论,提出有限元模型广义应力影响函数定理,据此可用间接法一次求得任意单元中任一点应力分量或由应力分量的线性组合表示的物理量的影响函数。讨论了单元基准节点位移模式的单元特征向量求法。     

基于辛弹性力学解析本征函数的有限元应力磨平方法

在实际工程结构的结构强度与优化等力学数值分析中,应力计算结果的精度是非常重要的。有限元法是得到最广泛应用的一类数值方法,并形成了众多通用的有限元程序系统。这些程序系统采用的几乎都是基于最小总势能的位移法,虽然其分析给出的有限元位移场具有较高的精度,但所得到的有限元应力场的精度较位移场大大降低。基于极坐标辛对偶体系所提供的平面弹性力学的解析辛本征展开解,并借用有限元程序系统所得到的节点位移,本文提出了一个应力分析的改进方法。数值结果表明,本方法给出的应力分析精度得到大幅提高,并具有良好的数值稳定性,可用于有限元程序系统的后处理,以提高应力尤其是关键区域应力的分析精度。     

电镀法测表面应力

电镀法是在被测物表面镀铜或镀镍,在交变应力作用下,利用镀层内的组织变化来测定表面弹性应力应变的方法。本文简述电镀法原理,讨论其在实物交变应力及高温应力测量中的应用。     

拉伸载荷作用下共面表面裂纹间应力强度因子影响系数的有限元分析

采用参数化有限元方法,结合节点力法和循环迭代算法,对一有限厚矩形板表面有两个相邻共面半椭圆表面裂纹在拉伸载荷作用下进行了求解,得到了两裂纹在不同形状和相隔距离时的应力强度因子的影响系数,计算结果对含三维广布裂纹结构的剩余强度和疲劳寿命有参考意义.     

应力三轴度的有限元计算修正

对某高强度钢制成的光滑圆棒和缺口圆棒进行了系列准静态拉伸实验,采用ABAQUS对每个试 件进行了数值模拟,得到了该材料的真实应力应变曲线,拟合出了J-C本构模型和失效模型的部分材料常数。 最后,对该高强度钢制成的平板进行了撞击实验,并用得到的J-C模型对平板撞击实验进行了数值模拟,计算 结果与实验结果吻合很好,证明利用数值模拟并修正应力三轴度的方法是可行的。     

梯形重力坝的应力函数解及其有限元验证

弹性力学教材中通过取三次多项式应力函数给出三角形横截面的重力坝应力场,但工程中重力坝的横截面几乎均为梯形,其坝顶并非三角形尖顶。将应力函数的半逆解法与锲形体的应力函数相结合,寻找出适用于梯形重力坝的应力函数,根据梯形重力坝力的边界条件,并利用圣维南原理,给出了梯形重力坝的应力场解析式。用有限元计算给出了梯形重力坝应力场的数值仿真结果。应力场解析式与有限元仿真结果非常吻合,说明了梯形重力坝应力场解析式的正确性。梯形重力坝应力场解析式对水利工程中重力坝的结构强度及设计具有重要的理论指导意义和应用价值。

     

空心车轴不同深度表面裂纹应力强度因子研究

分析了空心车轴的旋转弯曲载荷的特点,建立了空心轴表面周向半椭圆裂纹的模型,给出了半椭圆裂纹的构形参数定义,即形状比、深度比和裂纹前缘相对位置。采用四分之一20节点等参退化奇异单元,通过有限元计算,模拟裂纹前沿的应力奇异性。在此基础上,计算了裂纹前缘表面点和中心点的应力强度因子随着裂纹扩展深度和旋转角度的变化。计算结果表明,对于给定的裂纹构形,在车轴的一个载荷循环中,裂纹前缘同一相对位置的应力强度因子是不断变化的,不同位置的应力强度因子在达到最大值的角度也是不同的,这就导致了裂纹前缘表面点在一些角度下的扩展是不对称的。这些结果为进一步研究空心轴表面裂纹的扩展路径和寿命提供了参考。     

应力函数及其对偶理论在有限元中的应用

借助于Cosserat连续介质模型，探讨了应力函数和位移对避免有限元C$^{1}$ 连续性困难的互补性作用. 通过对应力函数对偶理论的深入分析，为将应力函数列式得到的 余能单元转化为具有一般位移自由度的势能单元提供了严格的理论基础，在此基础上， 给出应用应力函数构造有限元的一般方法.     

剪切机机架应力的有限元分析

采用ANSYS有限元分析软件的结构分析模块对剪切机机架进行了三维应力分析，找出了其薄弱环节，并对机架应力进行实际测试，经比较，有限元分析与测试结果相吻合．     

应力诱发表面扩散下晶内微裂纹演化的有限元分析

基于物质表面扩散和蒸发-凝结的经典理论,对金属材料内部晶内微裂纹在应力诱发下不稳定外形演化进行了有限元模拟。结果表明,在拉压载荷下,椭圆形晶内微裂纹演化分叉存在临界形态比βc,当β＜βc 时,微裂纹逐渐圆柱化;当β≥βc 时,微裂纹分节为三个裂腔。微裂纹分节时间随形态比增大成近似线性减小,随着拉压应力的增大,微裂纹发生分节的临界形态比和分节时间都将减小。     

裂纹面受荷载作用的应力强度因子的计算

基于比例边界有限元法计算了裂纹面有荷载作用情况下裂纹尖端的应力强度因子,给出了有限介质裂纹面作用荷载的比例边界有限元方程的基本求解过程.对于随径向坐标任意变化的一类面荷载的积分能够显式计算,不需要引入额外的近似;并将计算结果与解析解和数值结果进行对比,结果表明比例边界有限元法在计算裂纹面作用荷载时的应力强度因子是有效且精确的.此外,该方法可方便地处理各向异性材料裂纹问题,本文给出了正交各向异性矩形盘裂纹面受均布荷载情况的应力强度因子.     

Mixed-mode thermal stress intensity factors from the finite element discretized symplectic method

A finite element discretized symplectic method is introduced to find the thermal stress intensity factors (TSIFs) under steady-state thermal loading by symplectic expansion. The cracked body is modeled by the conventional finite elements and divided into two regions: near and far fields. In the near field, Hamiltonian systems are established for the heat conduction and thermoelasticity problems respectively. Closed form temperature and displacement functions are expressed by symplectic eigen-solutions in polar coordinates. Combined with the analytic symplectic series and the classical finite elements for arbitrary boundary conditions, the main unknowns are no longer the nodal temperature and displacements but are the coefficients of the symplectic series after matrix transformation. The TSIFs, temperatures, displacements and stresses at the singular region are obtained simultaneously without any post-processing. A number of numerical examples as well as convergence studies are given and are found to be in good agreement with the existing solutions.     

基于物理中面FGM板屈曲的有限元分析

基于物理中面的概念,根据最小势能原理推导了功能梯度材料FGM薄板屈曲的有限元控制方程,求得临界荷载的有限元解。利用FGM板的屈曲方程与参考均匀板的屈曲方程之间的相似性,建立了FGM板的临界荷载与参考均匀板的临界荷载之间的相似转换关系式,从而将FGM板临界荷载的计算转变为参考均匀板的临界荷载和材料不均匀系数的计算,极大地提高了计算效率,为FGM的推广起积极的推动作用。通过数值算例,将由有限元法和转换关系式得到的临界荷载进行了比较,并讨论了边界条件、荷载工况、材料组成和几何尺寸等对FGM板临界荷载的影响。     

有限元边坡稳定分析方法及其应用

本文介绍了一种基于有限元应力分析的边坡稳定评价方法,讨论了边坡稳定安全系数定义的物理意义,介绍了搜索最危险滑动面的广义数学规划命题和模式搜索方法,同时给出了该方法的计算结果与其它方法计算结果的对比算例以及该方法的应用实例。     

Finite element study of free surface turbulent flow in rotating channels

Under certain conditions of liquid flow through rotating channels, the Coriolis force can induce a free surface to be formed. This problem is of practical importance in a Coriolis wear tester, which is used for determining the sliding wear coefficient of wear materials in slurry handling equipment. A deforming Galerkin finite element method is presented for predicting two‐dimensional turbulent free surface mean flow in rotating channels. Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations are cast into weak(algebraic) form using primitive variables (velocity and pressure). Eddy viscosity is determined via a mixing length model. Velocity is interpolated biquadratically, while pressure is interpolated bilinearly. The kinematic condition is used to form the Galerkin residual for the free surface. The free surface is represented by Hermite polynomials of zeroeth order for continuity of position and slope. Combined Newton's iteration is used to simultaneously solve for the free surface and the field variables. Results of velocity and pressure fields, as well as the free surface are shown to converge with mesh‐size refinement. There is excellent respect for mass conservation. Results are presented for various values of Rossby number (Ro) and height‐based Reynolds number (Re_H). Parameter continuation in Ro and Re_H space is used to compute solutions at higher values of flow rate and angular velocity. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The stress subspace of hybrid stress element and the diagonalization method for flexibility matrixH

The following is proved: 1) The linear independence of assumed stress modes is the necessary and sufficient condition for the nonsingular flexibility matrix;2. ) The equivalent assumed stress modes lead to the identical hybrid element The Hilbert stress subspace of the assumed stress modes is established So, it is easy to derive the equivalent orthogonal normal stress modes by Schmidt’s method Because of the resulting diagonal flexibility matrix, the identical hybrid element is free from the complex matrix inversion so that the hybrid efficiency is improved greatly The numerical examples show that the method is effective.     

Finite element analysis of filling stage in die‐casting process using marker surface method and adaptive grid refinement technique

The marker surface method and the adaptive grid refinement technique have been applied to the three‐dimensional (3‐D) finite element analysis of the filling stage in the die‐casting process. Especially, the marker surface plugging technique and the marker surface regeneration technique incorporated in the marker surface method have been proposed for the efficient analysis of 3‐D practical problems. Through the marker surface plugging technique, new parts of marker surface are effective lycreated in order to eliminate the gaps between the parts of marker surface or between the edge of marker surface and cavity wall. By using the marker surface regeneration technique, the marker surface including a great number of marker elements is recreated on the basis of its original shape in order to decrease the number of marker elements and computational time. A3‐D example used as the benchmark test and a typical industrial problem of the die‐casting process have been analysed. The numerical results have been in good agreement with the experimental results and the efficiency of the adaptive grid refinement technique has been verified. It has been shown that the proposed techniques incorporated in the marker surface method and the adaptive grid refinement technique can be effectively applied to general industrial problems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.