Imidazo[2,1-b]benzothiazoles. II. Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of some imidazo[2,1-b]benzothiazoles

3-[2-[p-(Un)substituted phenyl]imidazo [2,1-b]benzothiazol-3- yl]propionic acid derivatives (2a--e) were prepared via the interaction of the corresponding 2-[p-(un)substituted phenyl]imidazo[2,1-b]benzothiazoles (1a--e) with acrylic acid in the presence of acetic anhydride and acetic acid. Esterification of 2a--e produced methyl esters (3a--e). Upon the interaction of 3a with m-chloroperbenzoic acid, the S-dioxide (4a) was obtained. Compound 5a was prepared from 4a by alkaline hydrolysis. Vilsmeier formylation for 1a--e produced novel [2-[p-(un)substituted phenyl]imidazo[2,1-b]benzothiazol-3- yl]formaldehyde derivatives (6a--e). Derivatives 6a--e reacted with ethyl bromoacetate to give ethyl 3-hydroxy-3-[2-[p-(un)substituted phenyl]imidazo[2,1-b]benzothiazol- 3-yl]propionate esters (7a--e). Compound dl-7a was resolved with l-(+)-tartaric acid. Compounds 2a--e showed weak or no activity in the carrageein-induced paw edema assay. Compound 4a significantly inhibited the leakage of pontamine-sky blue dye into the peritoneal cavity of mice, in the capillary permeability inhibition assay. Compound 5a inhibited the writhing by 62% in the acetic acid-induced writhing assay.     

Cyclopropane-based stereochemical diversity-oriented conformational restriction strategy: histamine H3 and/or H4 receptor ligands with the 2,3-methanobutane backbone

The stereochemical diversity-oriented conformational restriction strategy can be an efficient method for developing specific ligands for drug target proteins. To develop potent histamine H(3) and/or H(4) receptor ligands, a series of conformationally restricted analogs of histamine with a chiral trans- or cis-4-amino-2,3-methano-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)butane structure was designed based on this strategy. These stereochemically diverse compounds were synthesized from previously developed versatile chiral cyclopropane units. Among these analogs, a trans-cyclopropane-type compound, (2S,3R)-4-(4-chlorobenzylamino)-2,3-methano-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)butane (5b), has remarkable antagonistic activity to both the H(3) (K(i) = 4.4 nM) and H(4) (K(i) = 5.5 nM) receptors, and a cis-cyclopropane-type compound, (2R,3R)-4-amino-2,3-methano-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)butane (6a), is a potent and selective H(3) receptor partial agonist (K(i) = 5.4 nM). Although (2S,3R)-4-amino-2,3-methano-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)butane (5a) does not have a hydrophobic group which the usual H(3) receptor antagonists have, it was found to be a potent H(3) receptor antagonist (K(i) = 20.1 nM). Thus, a variety of compounds with different pharmacological properties depending on the cyclopropane backbones and also on the side-chain functional groups were identified. In addition to the previously used 1,2-methanobutane backbone, the 2,3-methanobutane backbone also worked effectively as a cyclopropane-based conformational restriction structure. Therefore, the combination of these two cyclopropane backbones increases the stereochemical and three-dimensional diversity of compounds in this strategy, which can provide a variety of useful compounds with different pharmacological properties.     

Structure-Activity Relationship of Oxygenated Morphinans. VII. 5-Methylated and 14-Hydroxy-substituted Agonists and Antagonists of the 4-Hydroxy- and 3, 4-Dioxygenated 6-Morphinanone Series

Several morphinanone agonists differently substituted at C(3), C(4), C(5) and C (14) and antagonists of the 4-hydroxy and 3, 4-dimethoxy series were prepared by conventional chemistry. It was demonstrated that the oxygenation pattern in the bay-area, encompassing C(3) and C(4), is important. Alkylation at C(5) or hydroxylation at C(14) lowered the potency of the compounds. The most potent agonist was found to be the N-phenethyl-substituted ketone 27 , which was six times more potent than morphine in the hot-plate assay. The 3, 4-methylenedioxy-substituted ketone 9 was about 20 times less potent than its 3, 4-dimethoxy congener. An X-ray analysis of 9 and a representative agonist showed that the stereochemical features in the bay-area were similar and could not be used to explain this difference.     

Hammett analysis of selective thyroid hormone receptor modulators reveals structural and electronic requirements for hormone antagonists

Selective thyroid hormone modulators that function as isoform-selective agonists or antagonists of the thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) might be therapeutically useful in diseases associated with aberrant hormone signaling. The most potent thyroid hormone antagonist reported to date is NH-3. To explore the significance of the 5'-p-nitroaryl moiety of NH-3 and understand what chemical features are important to confer antagonism, we sought to expand the structure-activity relationship data for the class of 5'-phenylethynyl GC-1 derivatives. Herein, we describe an improved synthetic route utilizing palladium-catalyzed chemistry for efficient access to a series of 5'-phenylethynyl compounds with varying size and electronic properties. We prepared and tested sixteen analogues for TR binding and transactivation activity. Substitution at the 5'-position decreased binding affinity, but retained TRbeta-selectivity. In transactivation assays, the analogues displayed a spectrum of agonist, antagonist, and mixed agonist/antagonist activity that correlated with electronic character in a Hammett analysis between sigma substituent value and TR modulation. Analogues NH-5, NH-7, NH-9, NH-11, and NH-23 displayed full antagonist activity with reduced potency compared to NH-3, indicating the nitro group is not required for antagonism. However, para-substitution with strong electron withdrawing properties on the 5'-aryl extension is important for antagonist activity, and antagonist potency-but not ligand receptor binding-was found to correlate linearly with the sigma values for the electron withdrawing substituents.     

Highly regio- and chemoselective palladium-catalyzed propargylallylation of activated olefins: a novel route to 1,7-enyne derivatives

An efficient method for the synthesis of 1,7-enyne derivatives via phosphine-palladium-catalyzed three-component assembling of activated olefins, allylic chlorides, and allenylstannanes is described. Substituted arylethylidene malononitriles 1a-g (RCH=C(CN)(2): R = C(6)H(5) (1a), p-ClC(6)H(4) (1b), p-OMeC(6)H(4) (1c), p-NO(2)C(6)H(4) (1d), 1-naphthyl (1e), 2-furyl (1f), and 2-thienyl (1g)) undergo propargylallylation with allylic chlorides 2a-e (allyl chloride (2a), methallyl chloride (2b), 4-chloropent-2-ene (2c), cinnamyl chloride (2d), and 3-chlorocyclohexene (2e)) and n-tributylallenylstannane (n-Bu(3)SnCH=C=CH(2), 3a) in the presence of Pd(PPh(3))(4) in toluene to afford the corresponding 1,7-enyne derivatives 4a-m in good to excellent yields. The catalytic reaction is highly regioselective, with the propargyl group adding to the carbon where the R group is attached and the allyl group adding to the carbon connected to the CN groups of activated olefins 1a-g. The present catalytic reaction is successfully extended to substituted arylethylidene-1,3-indanediones 5a-j (RCH = (1,3-indanedione): R = C(6)H(5) (5a), p-ClC(6)H(4) (5b), p-BrC(6)H(4) (5c), p-OMeC(6)H(4) (5d), p-NO(2)C(6)H(4) (5e), p-CNC(6)H(4) (5f), p-biphenyl (5g), 1-naphthyl (5h), 2-thienyl (5i), and 2-benzo[b]furane-2-yl (5j)) and substituted 2,2-dimethyl-5-(arylethylidene)-1,3-dioxane-4,6-diones 7a,b (RCH = (1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione): R = p-NO(2)C(6)H(4) (7a), p-OMeC(6)H(4) (7b)). The three-component assembling of these substrates with allylic chlorides (2a,b,d,e) and n-tributylallenylstannane (n-Bu(3)SnCH=C=CH(2), 3a) proceeds smoothly to afford the corresponding 1,7-enyne derivatives 6a-m and 8a-d in good to excellent yields. The catalytic propargylallylation can be further applied to the activated dienes, C(6)H(5)CH=CH=CR(2) (R(2) = (CN)(2) (9a), 1,3-indanedione (9b), 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (9c)), with allylic chlorides (2a,b,d) and allenylstannane 3a to give regio- and chemoselective 1,2-addition products 10a-h in good to excellent yields. A plausible mechanism based on an eta(1)-allenyl eta(3)-allyl palladium intermediate is proposed to account for the catalytic three-component reaction.     

Synthesis of 2- and 2,7-functionalized pyrene derivatives: an application of selective C-H borylation

An efficient synthetic route to 2- and 2,7-substituted pyrenes is described. The regiospecific direct C-H borylation of pyrene with an iridium-based catalyst, prepared in situ by the reaction of [{Ir(μ-OMe)cod}(2)] (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) with 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine, gives 2,7-bis(Bpin)pyrene (1) and 2-(Bpin)pyrene (2, pin = OCMe(2)CMe(2)O). From 1, by simple derivatization strategies, we synthesized 2,7-bis(R)-pyrenes with R = BF(3)K (3), Br (4), OH (5), B(OH)(2) (6), and OTf (7). Using these nominally nucleophilic and electrophilic derivatives as coupling partners in Suzuki-Miyaura, Sonogashira, and Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reactions, we obtained 2,7-bis(R)-pyrenes with R = (4-CO(2)C(8)H(17))C(6)H(4) (8), Ph (9), C≡CPh (10), C≡C[{4-B(Mes)(2)}C(6)H(4)] (11), C≡CTMS (12), C≡C[(4-NMe(2))C(6)H(4)] (14), C≡CH (15), N(Ph)[(4-OMe)C(6)H(4)] (16), and R = OTf, R' = C≡CTMS (13). Lithiation of 4, followed by reaction with CO(2), yielded pyrene-2,7-dicarboxylic acid (17), whilst borylation of 2-tBu-pyrene gave 2-tBu-7-Bpin-pyrene (18) selectively. By similar routes (including Negishi cross-coupling reactions), monosubstituted 2-R-pyrenes with R = BF(3)K (19), Br (20), OH (21), B(OH)(2) (22), [4-B(Mes)(2)]C(6)H(4) (23), B(Mes)(2) (24), OTf (25), C≡CPh (26), C≡CTMS (27), (4-CO(2)Me)C(6)H(4) (28), C≡CH (29), C(3)H(6)CO(2)Me (30), OC(3)H(6)CO(2)Me (31), C(3)H(6)CO(2)H (32), OC(3)H(6)CO(2)H (33), and O(CH(2))(12)Br (34) were obtained from 2. These derivatives are of synthetic and photophysical interest because they contain donor, acceptor, and conjugated substituents. The crystal structures of compounds 4, 5, 7, 12, 18, 19, 21, 23, 26, and 28-31 have also been obtained from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, revealing a diversity of packing modes, which are described in the Supporting Information. A detailed discussion of the structures of 1 and 2, their polymorphs, solvates, and co-crystals is reported separately.     

Experimental and theoretical studies of the photophysical properties of 2- and 2,7-functionalized pyrene derivatives

Pyrene derivatives substituted at the 2- and 2,7-positions are shown to display a set of photophysical properties different from those of derivatives substituted at the 1-position. It was found that, in the 2- and 2,7-derivatives, there was little influence on the S(2) ← S(0) excitation, which is described as "pyrene-like", and a strong influence on the S(1) ← S(0) excitation, which is described as "substituent-influenced". In contrast, the 1-substituted derivatives display a strong influence on both the S(1) ← S(0) and the S(2) ← S(0) excitations. These observations are rationalized by considering the nature of the orbitals involved in the transitions. The existence of a nodal plane passing through the 2- and 7-positions, perpendicular to the molecular plane in the HOMO and LUMO of pyrene, largely accounts for the different behavior of derivatives substituted at the 2- and 2,7-positions. Herein, we report the photophysical properties of a series of 2-R-pyrenes {R = C(3)H(6)CO(2)H (1), Bpin (2; pin = OCMe(2)CMe(2)O), OC(3)H(6)CO(2)H (3), O(CH(2))(12)Br (4), C≡CPh (5), C(6)H(4)-4-CO(2)Me (6), C(6)H(4)-4-B(Mes)(2) (7), B(Mes)(2) (8)} and 2,7-R(2)-pyrenes {R = Bpin (9), OH (10), C≡C(TMS) (11), C≡CPh (12), C≡C-C(6)H(4)-4-B(Mes)(2) (13), C≡C-C(6)H(4)-4-NMe(2) (14), C(6)H(4)-4-CO(2)C(8)H(17) (15), N(Ph)-C(6)H(4)-4-OMe (16)} whose syntheses are reported elsewhere. Furthermore, we compare their properties to those of several related 1-R-pyrene derivatives {R = C(3)H(6)CO(2)H (17), Bpin (18), C≡CPh (19), C(6)H(4)-4-B(Mes)(2) (20), B(Mes)(2) (21)}. For all derivatives, modest (0.19) to high (0.93) fluorescence quantum yields were observed. For the 2- and 2,7-derivatives, fluorescence lifetimes exceeding 16 ns were measured, with most being ca. 50-80 ns. The 4-(pyren-2-yl)butyric acid derivative (1) has a long fluorescence lifetime of 622 ns, significantly longer than that of the commercially available 4-(pyren-1-yl)butyric acid (17). In addition to measurements of absorption and emission spectra and fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes, time-dependent density functional theory calculations using the B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP functionals were also performed. A comparison of experimental and theoretically calculated wavelengths shows that both functionals were able to reproduce the trend in wavelengths observed experimentally.     

Hafnocene catalysts for selective propylene oligomerization: efficient synthesis of 4-methyl-1-pentene by beta-methyl transfer

A series of hafnocene complexes (eta5-C5Me4R1)(eta5-C5Me4R2)HfCl2 with [R1, R2] = [H, H] (1), [Me, H] (2), [Me, Me] (3), [Et, Me] (4), [(i)Pr, Me] (5), [SiMe(3), Me] (6), [(t)Bu, Me] (7), [(n)Bu, Me] (8), [(i)Bu, Me] (9), [Et, Et] (10), [(n)Bu, (n)Bu] (11), [(i)Bu, (i)Bu] (12) was tested as catalyst precursors for propylene oligomerization. Upon activation with methylaluminoxane or [Ph(3)C][B(C(6)F(5))(4)]/Al(i)Bu(3), complexes 2-4 and 8-12 catalyzed the dimerization of propylene to produce 4-methyl-1-pentene with selectivities ranging from 23.9 to 61.6 wt % in the product mixture. The selectivity was dependent on the nature of the substituents R(1) and R(2), with the highest value found for (eta5-C5Me4(i)Bu)2HfCl2 (12). Rapid deactivation was observed for 5-7, whereas (eta5-C5Me4H)2HfCl2 (1) polymerized propylene. 4-Methyl-1-pentene is proposed to form by repeated 1,2-insertion of propylene into the hafnocene methyl cation, followed by selective beta-methyl elimination. Detailed analysis of the byproduct distribution (isobutene, 1-pentene, 2-methyl-1-pentene, 2,4-dimethyl-1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-heptene, 4,6-dimethyl-1-heptene), determined by gas chromatography, was performed with the aid of a stochastic simulation involving rate constants for the propagation by insertion, beta-hydride elimination, and beta-methyl elimination. The rate of termination is dependent on the structure of the growing chain of the active species as well as on the bulkiness of the cyclopentadienyl ligands. The selectivity highly depends on the reaction conditions (pressure, temperature, concentration of methylaluminoxane). The rates of beta-methyl elimination leading to 4-methyl-1-pentene were proportional to propylene pressure for 2-4 and 8-10 but practically independent from propylene pressure for the sterically bulkier derivatives 11-12.     

Orally active GPIIb/IIIa antagonists: synthesis and biological activities of masked amidines as prodrugs of 2-[(3S)-4

To improve the in vivo potency of the potent GPIIb/IIIa antagonist 2-[(3S)-4-[(2S)-2-(4-amidinobenzoylamino)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propanoyl]-3-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2-oxopiperazinyljacetic acid (4), the amidino group was converted to an oxadiazole ring, thiadiazole ring or substituted amidoxime group. These groups were expected to be metabolized to an amidino group in vivo. The compounds synthesized were evaluated for their potency to inhibit the ex vivo adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-induced aggregation of guinea pig platelets. Among the compounds examined, the methoxycarbonyloxyamidine 8a exhibited the most potent ex vivo inhibitory activity with a fast onset and prolonged duration of action after oral administration.     

Synthesis of the metabolites of oxapadol,a new non-narcotic analgesic agent

Different metabolites (2-7) of oxapadol 1 were carried out from 3 by known methods. Their acidic hydrolysis provided compounds 4 in which the dioxolane moiety was opened. The reaction of glycerol with compounds 3 gave the dioxolane derivatives 5 which have a hydroxymethyl group and which (R = H) gave by oxidation the carboxylic acid 7. From 3 (R = H), the hydroxy acid 6 has been also prepared.     

Syntheses of monocyclic and bicyclic 2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinediones and their serotonin 2 antagonist activities

New serotonine 2 (5-HT2) antagonists with a monocyclic or bicyclic 2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione have been prepared and their activities evaluated. In a series of monocyclic compounds, 1-substituted 5-phenyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione 14 showed potent in vitro activity, and the corresponding 3-substituted 5-phenyl and 6-phenyl derivatives 3, 8 and 20a also showed moderate activity. In the bicyclic compounds, 3-substituted 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2,4(1H,3H)-quinazolinedione 33 exhibited the most potent activity among the compounds prepared in this paper. The in vivo antagonist activity of 33 was comparable to that of ketanserin, a typical peripheral 5-HT2 antagonist.     

Interaction of ferrocenoyl-dipeptides with 3-aminopyrazole derivatives: beta-sheet models? A synthetic, spectroscopic, structural, and electrochemical study

The use of 3-aminopyrazole derivatives as beta-sheet templates is investigated using a series of ferrocenoyl (Fc)-dipeptides (Fc-Gly(2)-OEt, Fc-Ala(2)-OBzl, Fc-Leu-Phe-OMe, Fc-Val-Phe-OMe, Fc-Phe(2)-OMe, Fc-Leu(2)-OMe, Fc-Val(2)-OMe). The synthesis and full characterization are reported. The solid-state structures of Fc-Gly(2)-OMe and Fc-Leu-Phe-OMe show extensive hydrogen bonding of the podand peptide substituents, resulting in the formation of supramolecular Fc-dipeptide assemblies. For Fc-Gly(2)-OMe, this can be described as a parallel beta-sheet, whereas intermolecular interactions in Fc-Leu-Phe-OMe result in the formation of supramolecular helical structures. The saturation titrations of Fc-dipeptides with 3-amino-5-methylpyrazole (3-AMP) and 3-trifluoroacetylamido-5-methylpyrazole (3-TFAc-AMP) show a 1:1 interaction of the Fc-peptide with the aminopyrazole derivatives. IR measurements in solution confirm binding to the top face of the Fc-dipeptide and the involvement of the Fc-C=O and the ester C=O groups in establishing H-bonding interactions with the 3-TFAc-AMP. However, binding constants in chloroform are low and range from 8 to 27 M(-1), which correspond to binding energies of 5-7 kJ mol(-1). In higher polarity solvents, such as acetonitrile or acetone, the binding constants are below 5 M(-1), emphasizing the limited utility of 3-AMP derivatives as beta-sheet templates. Electrochemical measurements confirm the weak interactions between the various Fc-dipeptides and 3-TFAc-AMP. Typical shifts in the redox potential of the Fc moiety are in the range 0-20 mV. Attempts to modify 3-AMP at the 3-position by carbodiimide coupling with amino acid derivatives and, thus, enhance the binding to the Fc-peptides resulted in 2-amino acid substituted 3-AMP derivatives. Substitution at the 2-position blocks the binding site, and no interactions with Fc-dipeptides are observed.     

Lower homologues (methyl, ethyl) of diorganotin derivatives of germyl (substituted) propanoic acids: spectroscopic elucidations and biological studies

Some novel lower homologues of diorganotin derivatives of germyl substituted propanoic acids with general formula [Ar(3)GeCH(R(1))CH(R(2))COO](2)SnR(2)(3), where Ar = p-CH(3)C(6)H(4), C(6)H(5), R(1) = p-CH(3)C(6)H(4), p-CH(3)OC(6)H(4), o-CH(3)OC(6)H(4), C(6)H(5), R(2) = H, CH(3), R(3) = CH(3), C(2)H(5) have been prepared by the condensation reaction of dialkyltin oxide and triarylgermyl(substituted) propanoic acid in 1 : 2 M ratio, respectively, and were characterized by IR, multinuclear ((1)H, (13)C, (119)Sn) NMR, (119 m)Sn M?ssbauer spectroscopy. The synthesized compounds were also screened for their toxicity and possible antibacterial, antifungal activities and found some encouraging results.     

Psammaplins from the sponge Pseudoceratina purpurea: inhibition of both histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase

Four novel bisulfide bromotyrosine derivatives, psammaplins E (9), F (10), G (11), and H (12), and two new bromotyrosine derivatives, psammaplins I (13) and J (14), were isolated from the sponge Pseudoceratina purpurea, along with known psammaplins A (4), B (6), C (7), and D (8) and bisaprasin (5). The structures of psammaplins E (9) and F (10), which each contain an oxalyl group rarely found in marine organisms, were determined by spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 4, 5, and 10 are potent histone deacetylase inhibitors and also show mild cytotoxicity. Furthermore, compounds 4, 5, and 11 are potent DNA methyltransferase inhibitors. The biogenetic pathway previously proposed for the psammaplins class is also revisited.     

Radioiodinated phenoxyacetic acid derivatives as potential brain imaging agents. I. Efficient synthesis via trimethylsilyl intermediates

The usefulness of radioiodination via demetallation of aryltrimethylsilanes was demonstrated. The radioiodination reaction was found to be very rapid and the regiospecific incorporation of radioiodine could be carried out with high radiochemical yields and high radiospecific activity. 125I-Labeled dimethylaminoethyl iodophenoxyacetate derivatives (5a--e), dimethylaminoethyl iodophenoxyacetamide derivatives (7a--c), iodophenoxyethyl ethylenediamine derivatives (9,14) and an iodophenoxyethylpiperazine derivative (18) were efficiently synthesized from the corresponding aryltrimethylsilyl intermediates (4a--e, 6a--c, 8, 13, 17) by this method.     

SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF ADDUCT OF 1, 9-DIHYDRO-8,9-DIPHENYL-1, 2, 4-TRIAZOLO [4, 3-d] 1, 2, 4-TRIAZINE-3, 5-DITHIONE WITH TRIETHYLAMINE

<正> C16H13N5S2· (C2H5)3N: Mr = 440. 64, monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 18.956(7)(?), b = 12. 866(7)(?), c = 20. 830(9)(?) , β=115. 63(3)°; Z=8; V = 4580(7)(?)3; Dc = 1. 278gcm-3; F (000) = 1872, μ= 2. 423cm-1 (MoKa). Final R is 0. 069. C16H13N5S2is non-planar with two rings, a five-member and a six-member with conformations of envelope and twist boat forms respectively, and the two substituted phenyl groups are in equatorial and axial positions.     

Anodic oxidation of selenadiazoloquinolones in alkaline media

Newly synthesized derivatives of 6-oxo-6,9-dihydro[1,2,5]selenadiazolo[3,4-h]quinoline variously substituted at position 7 (R = H, COOH, COCH(3), CN, COOC(2)H(5) and COOCH(3)) are established in strongly alkaline aqueous solutions (0.1 M NaOH; pH ～ 13) as N(9)-deprotonated structures, but in less alkaline solutions (0.001 M NaOH; pH ～ 11) the N(9)-protonated oxo tautomeric forms dominate. Upon their anodic oxidation in alkaline solutions, the selenadiazole ring is replaced, forming instead the paramagnetic species analogous to the ortho semiquinone radical anions as monitored by in situ EPR spectroscopy. The quantum chemical calculations for two representative selenadiazoloquinolones (R = H and COOH) and their anodic oxidation products presented are in agreement with experiments.     

Thromboxane A2 receptor antagonists. III. Synthesis and pharmacological activity of 6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane derivatives with a substituted sulfonylamino group at C-2

Four stereoisomers of the title compounds based on side chain ring junctions, (+)-7a, (+)-7b, (-)-7c and (-)-24, were synthesized from (-)-myrtenol and (+)-nopinone. The (1R,2R,3S,5S)-isomer (+)-7b had the most potent inhibitory activity against platelet aggregation and did not show partial agonist activity (shape change of platelets). We also synthesized the antipode, (-)-7b, and derivatives of (+)-7b with various kinds of substituents at the sulfonylamino group, 34a-n and p. The one-carbon homologated compound, (+)-58, was also prepared. The inhibitory activities of these compounds against platelet aggregation were measured.     

Purines. L. Synthesis and antileukemic activity of the antibiotic guanine 7-oxide and its 9-substituted derivatives.

A full account is given of the first chemical synthesis of the antitumor antibiotic guanine 7-oxide (5) and its 9-substituted derivatives (24a--k and 26). Coupling of appropriate primary amines (17a--e, g--k) with phenacyl bromide (16) produced, after treatment with HCl, the corresponding N-substituted phenacylamine hydrochlorides (18a--e, g--k). A similar phenacylation of 4-amino-l-butanol (21) failed to give the desired compound 18f, so that 21 was heated with 2-bromomethyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane (20) at 150-155 degrees C for 3h to furnish, after treatment with HCl, the amino ketal hydrochloride 22 in 40% yield. Deketalization of 22 with hot 2 N aqueous HCl afforded 18f in 96% yield. Condensations of the free bases, generated in situ from the hydrochlorides 18a--l and 1N aqueous NaOH, with the chloropyrimidinone 6 were effected in aqueous EtOH at the boiling point for 20 min or at 25-30 degrees C for 3-24h, giving the 6-phenacylamino-4-pyrimidinones 19a-l in 54-90% yields. On treatment with 2N aqueous NaOH at room temperature for 10-60 min, the nitropyrimidinones 19a--k cyclized to provide the 9-substituted guanine 7-oxides 24a--k in 61-98% yields. A similar alkali-treatment of 191 failed to yield guanine 7-oxide (5). However, removal of the 9-(arylmethyl) group from 24i--k was effected with conc. H2SO4 at room temperature for 1-3h in the presence of toluene, producing the target N-oxide 5 in 56-89% yields.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)