频率受随机电报过程调制的系统的相干瞬态过程

由随机电报过程的性质出发,给出了频率受一个随机电报过程调制系统的Bloch方程,得到了这种系统中的自由感应衰减和光子回波衰减.     

非指数光子回波衰减的理论研究

采用双值随机电报模型描述随机频率跳变过程．考虑具体的晶格结构，计算了几种顺磁离子光子回波的非指数衰减．和Monte Carlo方法模拟的结果非常接近，同实验观察一致，几种样品的衰减形式几乎相同 关键词：     

频率受随机过程调制的体系中的光谱扩散

通过在Bloch方程中增加描述对频率微扰的随机过程项{ω(t)},我们讨论了系统在窄谱带的光激发后的光谱扩散。特别是以下两种情况:1)如果ω以相同的概率变化为系综中的任一ω’,光谱是一个指数式衰减的定域峰和指数式增长的动态非均匀背底的叠加。2)如果ω'到ω的概率仅与|ω’-ω|有关,非定域峰随时间变宽。作为一个例子,我们讨论了频率受多个独立随机电报过程调制的系统中的光谱扩散。     

随机电报过程引起的光失相的计算

本文计算了红宝石中Ａｌ核自旋跳变引起的Ｒ１［４Ａ２（Ｓ＝－３／２）→２Ｅ（Ｓ＝－１／２）］回波衰减．用随机电报过程描述每个Ａｌ核自旋（ｉ）跳变引起Ｃｒ共振频率的起伏Δｉ，这个过程对光子回波衰减的贡献〈Ｅｉ（ｔ２１）〉可以用解析式表示．首先计算核自旋（ｉ）跳变的总速率Ｗｉ及它引起的Δｉ，求出〈Ｅｉ（ｔ２１）〉．设对Ｃｒ光失相起主要贡献的每个Ａｌ核自旋跳变近似是独立的，所以总的回波强度是所有Ａｌ引起的〈Ｅｉ（ｔ）２１〉的乘积．计算得到非指数的回波衰减，以Ｉ＝Ｉ０ｅｘｐ〔－（４ｔ／ｔｍ）ｘ〕拟合，ｘ＝２．５６，ｔｍ＝５０．６μｓ，与实验及计算机模拟的结果一致     

强散射过程与双随机相位加密过程的等价性分析

薄层强散射介质的散射系统只会引起入射光波的振幅和相位分布变化,但不会导致总能量的衰减.这一过程可以看成光波被散射系统编码的过程,与双随机加密系统极为相似.本文首先证明了载有目标信息的光波在通过薄层强散射介质的散射系统时所产生散斑的分布特性,与双随机加密系统加密同一明文目标所得到的密文分布特性具有高度的相似性.然后,本文将该散射系统视为一个双随机加密系统,并利用相位恢复算法精确地计算出该散射系统所对应的两块随机相位密钥,同时证明了这两块密钥板还可以成功地从该散射系统所得到的其他任何散斑中恢复出对应的原始图像.最后,为了进一步证明二者的等价性,本文使用一种适用于双随机加密系统的唯密文攻击方法,成功地破解了薄层强散射介质的散射系统,得到了较好结果.     

随机电报过程引起的光失相的计算

本文计算了红宝石中Al核自旋跳变引起的R₁[⁴A₂(S=-3/2)→²E(S=-1/2)]回波衰减。用随机电报过程描述每个Al核自旋(i)跳变引起Cr共振频率的起伏Δi,这个过程对光子回波衰减的贡献〈E_i(t₂₁)〉可以用解析式表示。首先计算核自旋(i)跳变的总速率Wi及它引起的Δi,求出〈E_i(t₂₁)〉。设对Cr光失相起主要贡献的每个Al核自旋跳变近似是独立的,所以总的回波强度是所有Al引起的〈E_i(t)₂₁〉的乘积。计算得到非指数的回波衰减,以I=I₀exp〔-(4t/t_m)^x〕拟合,x=2.56,t_m=50.6μs,与实验及计算机模拟的结果一致.     

非平稳水声混响过程的演化谱

本文讨论了运动介质的水声混响过程,在补偿了能量衰减之后,它仍是一非平稳随机过程。引入演化谱的概念讨论非平稳混响过程,不平稳性由不平稳因子和特征宽度描述。     

噪声之间的正负耦合对激光场的影响

从理论上对加性噪声和倍增噪声之间有耦合作用的一维激光模型进行了分析，发现耦合的性质对激光场涨落影响较大，噪声之间的正耦合会延缓强度相关函数的衰减，增强激光系统的统计涨落。噪声之间的负耦合能抑制激光系统的统计涨落，提高激光场的相干性，使激光系统由随机过程向确定过程过渡。     

室内声场衰减过程的统计分析

封闭空间声场的衰减过程被看作是声波质点运动的随机过程。对不同平均参数(碰撞次数n和时间t)和不同平均方法(分贝平均和能量平均)进行了讨论。在对声波质点历程平稳性和各态历经性讨论的基础上,计算了平均自由路程l和平均碰撞频率(?),指出l=c/(?)并不一般成立。在碰撞独立假设下,导出了碰撞概率和分布概率;在碰撞不是独立条件下,提出了转移概率为。在不同假设条件和平均方法下,导出了各自的衰减公式;指出了经典混响公式依据的条件及其问题。在上述转移概率基础上,声场衰减过程被看作齐次马尔柯夫链过程,对其各种性质作了理论分析,导出了相应的混响公式:β是方程的根,     

基于电荷转移过程的PAN-C60共聚物薄膜的时间分辨荧光研究

利用吸收光谱和皮秒时间分辨荧光研究PAN－C60星状共聚物的电荷转移过程。PAN－C60共聚物的吸收和荧光光谱结果显示共聚物中存在着电荷转移过程。时间分辨荧光结果表明PAN的荧光衰减遵循双指数衰减规律（一快过程160ps和一慢过程1500ps)，快衰减过程主要来源于聚合物中主链间相互作用产生的空间间接极化子对的影响，慢变过程主要来源于单重态激子的辐射跃迁弛豫。在共聚物中，C60分子的存在除导致PAN激发态寿命缩短外，还影响聚合物链间的相互作用，C60分子对PAN荧光猝 灭作用主要通过慢变过程影响的，而对PAN的空间极化子对的影响主要与其快衰减过程有关。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.