壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇共混膜在织物化学镀中的应用

天然高分子壳聚糖(CS)与聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混后存在强烈的氢键作用能够促进二者相容,形成互穿网络(IPN)结构的CS/PVA二元共混膜。 通过傅里叶红外(FT-IR)和强力测试对共混膜结构及拉伸强力性能进行了表征。 利用掺杂少量氯化钯的CS与PVA共混液的成膜性能,在涤纶织物表面预制一层具有自催化活性的薄膜,并对经过处理后的涤纶织物进行化学镀镍研究。 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TG)、电磁屏蔽效能测试和水洗牢度测试,分别对织物表面形貌、热稳定性、电磁屏蔽性能和结合牢度进行测试。 结果表明,CS与PVA共混液处理后的涤纶织物,经化学镀镍能获得表面均匀致密、导电性优良、与织物结合力良好的镀层。     

壳聚糖改性织物中原位合成银纳米粒子

采用壳聚糖改性棉和涤纶织物,通过织物表面的壳聚糖原位吸附、还原银离子制备了纳米银抗菌织物.用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDA)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)和反射光谱等对纳米银织物进行了表征,研究了银离子浓度和壳聚糖浓度对纳米银织物的影响,并检测了纳米银织物的抗菌性能.结果表明,在无需任何还原剂的条件下,壳聚糖改性的棉和涤纶织物表面可以均匀地形成银纳米粒子,晶粒大小为5~10 nm,所制备的纳米银织物均具有优异的抗菌性能.     

原位聚合法制备PANI/PET导电织物及其性能分析

在聚酯纤维基材及其织物表面,原位聚合形成厚度约1~2μm聚苯胺包覆层,制得聚苯胺(PANI)/聚酯(PET)导电织物.PANI层优异的导电性能使之成为有广阔发展前景的柔性电磁屏蔽材料.正交试验分析研究了苯胺单体浓度、氧化剂:苯胺摩尔比、掺杂酸浓度、反应时间对PANI包覆层外观形态、与基体结合牢度以及导电性的影响.实验表明:在经适当前处理的PET基材表面,以苯胺单体浓度为0.25mol/L、氧化剂与苯胺摩尔比为1∶1、掺杂酸浓度0.5 mol/L、反应时间60 min、反应温度为0~20℃时制备的PANI/PET导电织物方阻最小,导电性最好;掺杂酸酸性越强,导电性越好.SEM、FTIR及XRD测试表明涤纶织物表面有均匀连续的聚苯胺膜存在.分析表明聚苯胺分子链中氧化结构与还原结构含量基本相等,说明聚苯胺渗入纤维内部,使纤维无定形区面积增加,结晶度减小.     

杂环-双氰乙基系列分散染料的合成、表征及染色性能

以4个杂环芳香胺为重氮组分, 3个N,N-二氰乙基芳香胺为偶合组分, 经重氮化、 偶合反应合成了12个杂环-双氰乙基系列偶氮物; 采用紫外-可见吸收光谱、 红外光谱及核磁共振氢谱等对其结构进行了表征; 还考察了它们在涤纶织物、 乙酰化杉改性木粉和氰乙基化改性木粉上的染色性能. 结果表明, 12个偶氮物为目标产物, 在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中的最大可见吸收波长为417～621 nm, 摩尔吸光系数均大于10⁴. 这些化合物染色涤纶织物的色光分属黄色、 红色、 紫红色和蓝色系列, 并具有高水洗牢度和高日晒牢度; 染色乙酰化木粉和氰乙基木粉的色光和水洗牢度与染色涤纶织物相近. 这12个分散染料具有色谱范围广、 色泽鲜艳、 高发色强度和高牢度等特点, 可用于多种纤维的染色.     

裂解气相色谱法鉴别并测定涤纶纤维与天然纤维

应用裂解气相色谱法测定混纺织物中涤纶纤维与天然纤维的含量。将剪碎成小于2mm2小块的纤维样品(0.02g)与固体分散剂石英砂(4g)混合碾磨成均匀粉末后,称取一定量的样品混合物(其中涤纶纤维含量应小于0.21mg),置于色谱仪进样口上方的裂解器中,于550℃裂解。裂解物经Ultra ALLOY-5色谱柱(30m×0.25mm,0.25μm)分离。根据裂解色谱图所示,不同纤维的特征峰,对样品的纤维进行鉴定。涤纶纤维的线性范围在0.02~0.21mg之间。采用此法测定了织物样品中涤纶纤维的含量,所得测定值与溶解法测定值相符。用标准加入法做方法的回收试验,测得回收率为94.4%。     

影响聚酯聚醚嵌段共聚型整理剂亲水性的因素

以对苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMT)、乙二醇(EG)和聚乙二醇(PEG)为原料,采用熔融缩聚方法合成适用于涤纶织物洗涤过程添加的聚酯聚醚嵌段共聚型亲水整理剂(PPBC),研究了PEG分子量、nDMT/nPEG、缩聚反应的温度和时间、真空度等对PPBC亲水性的影响,优化了PPBC合成工艺条件。结果表明:PEG分子量与PPBC的表面活性有关,从而影响处理涤纶织物的亲水性;合成的PPBC处理的涤纶织物具有良好的亲水性和耐洗性。     

碱处理条件下涤/棉织物的减量变化

对涤棉混纺织物进行碱处理,讨论了NaOH用量、温度、时间对涤棉混纺织物性能的影响,并与纯棉织物和纯涤纶织物的碱处理结果进行对比。结果表明,NaOH用量对织物的失重率影响最大,且纯涤纶的失重率和失重速率都明显高于涤棉混纺织物;在常压下,碱处理对棉的影响很小。     

吡啶酮结构分散染料的合成及其偶氮-腙式异色机理

研究了(N-乙基-3-氰基-4-甲基-5-(4-硝基偶氮苯)-6-羟基-2-吡啶酮)(D1)和(N-乙基-3-氰基-4-甲基-5-(2-氯4-硝基偶氮苯)-6-羟基-2-吡啶酮)(D2)这2种吡啶酮分散染料在溶剂(DMF和CH₂Cl₂)和织物(涤纶和锦纶)上的偶氮-腙式异构行为,分析染料在极性和非极性溶剂中的吸收光谱差异,染料在涤纶和锦纶织物上的异色行为。运用高斯计算模拟染料的优化构型以及在溶剂和无溶剂状态下的染料吸收光谱,研究吡啶酮染料在不同环境下的偶氮-腙式存在形式。核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)表明,吡啶酮结构分散染料在极性溶剂中以偶氮结构存在,在非极性溶剂中以腙式结构存在。染色结果结合量子计算表明,染料在涤纶织物以腙式结构存在,在锦纶织物以偶氮结构存在。此外,吡啶酮分散染料在涤纶织物表现出超高的耐光色牢度,而在锦纶织物上的耐光色牢度较差,染料在异种织物上耐光色牢度的巨大差异归因于染料在不同织物上呈现出不同的分子结构。     

纳米硫化铜/偕胺肟复合纤维的制备及其抑菌性能

聚丙烯腈纤维(PAN)经羟胺化学改性制得含有偕胺肟基团的螯合纤维(1);1与纳米Cu S反应制得纳米Cu S/偕胺肟复合纤维(2),其结构经IR,扫描电镜(SEM)和X-衍射能谱(EDX)表征。研究了2对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌性能。结果表明,2表面生成了纳米硫化铜,对受试菌种具有良好的抑菌性能。     

甲壳胺与戊二醛交联反应的研究

甲壳胺是一种资源非常丰富的天然多糖化合物,其结构为2-氨基-2-脱氧-D-吡喃葡萄糖,以β-1,4糖苷键彼此相连.由于它具有很好的生物相容性、生物降解性等功能,因而显示了很好的医用材料应用前景[1].近年来,国内外许多科学家都非常重视甲壳胺及其衍生物改性的研究[2,3].本文进行了以戊二醛作交联剂来制备甲壳胺纳米微球的研究,以粘度作指标,配合SEM检测,研究了戊二醛浓度、反应温度及时间等对甲壳胺与戊二醛交联反应的影响.     

聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯的无卤阻燃化改性

聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯作为新型聚酯材料,具有非常优良的性能,但其易燃性很大的限制了它的应用范围。为了提高对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的阻燃性能,本文以无卤膨胀型EPFR-300A为阻燃改性剂,马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃(POE-g-MAH)弹性体为增韧剂,对聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯树脂(PTT)进行阻燃改性。通过热重分析仪(TGA)、示差扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、力学性能等技术手段研究了阻燃剂和增韧剂对PTT树脂力学、热学和阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,增韧剂POE和POE-g-MAH的添加提高了PTT树脂的综合力学性能。当质量分数相同时,POE-g-MAH对PTT树脂的增韧效果要优于POE,且当POE-g-MAH质量分数为7%时,综合力学性能最佳。当添加相同质量分数增韧剂,EPFR-300A质量分数达到20%时,阻燃PTT材料阻燃性能最佳,极限氧指数(LOI)达到28.0%,垂直燃烧阻燃等级达到UL94 V-0级。EPFR-300A阻燃剂与PTT树脂间相容性良好,可以有效地促进PTT树脂成炭并提高材料的阻燃性能。     

2,4-二氯苯甲酸改性饱和聚酯的合成及其聚氨酯阻燃涂料

用2,4-二氯苯甲酸改性三羟甲基丙烷制得含氯的多元醇中间体（NHDB）,用改性的中间体合成含氯的聚酯。用红外、核磁表征了中间体和聚醇的结构,TGA分析表明,含氯量增高,聚酯热稳性下降。将聚酯同异氰酸酯预聚体常温固化,各种性能良好。阻燃测试表明：含30%的2,4-二氯苯甲酸的聚酯具有自熄功能。提出了阻燃机理。     

Synthesis of a novel hybrid synergistic flame retardant and its application in PP/IFR

A novel inorganic-organic hybrid synergistic flame retardant was prepared by sol-gel reaction and characterized by NMR and FT-IR. It showed that the fire resistance of polypropylene/intumescent flame retardant (PP/IFR) composites could be improved with the combination of hybrid synergistic flame retardant. The char morphology and structure of PP composites were characterized by SEM and Raman spectra. The influence of the hybrid flame retardant on the thermal degradation process of PP composites was analyzed by FT-IR and the rheological behavior of the PP composites was also evaluated. The thermal stability of PP composites was characterized by TGA, weight loss difference and integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT). It indicated that the hybrid synergistic flame retardant had good synergistic effect with IFR.     

卡拉胶包覆APP微球阻燃水性环氧树脂

以氯化钡提纯k-卡拉胶, 经过氧化氢降解, 通过反相乳液聚合的方式制备了一系列卡拉胶包覆聚磷酸铵(APP)阻燃微球(k-CM/APP); 将其加入到水性环氧树脂(EP)中, 制备了3种钢结构防火涂层EP2, EP3和EP4. 利用红外光谱(IR)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及元素分析(EDS)对k-CM/APP的结构及形貌进行了表征. 利用极限氧指数(LOI)、 垂直燃烧(UL-94)、 背温测试法、 热重分析(TG)、 锥形量热(CONE)、 附着力测试、 IR和SEM等方法分析了涂层的阻燃、 隔热及力学性能. 结果表明, k-CM/APP(3/1)球形结构完整, 800 ℃时的残炭量高达59.5%. 与其它阻燃涂层体系相比, 添加了k-CM/APP(3/1)的EP3防火涂层的极限氧指数达到28.5%, UL-94达到了V-0级, 60 min防火涂层耐火温度为253 ℃. 相比于纯EP涂层, EP3涂层的热释放速率峰值降低了58.26%, 总热释放量降低了20.84%, 附着力达到8.74 MPa.     

Thermal stability of food additives of glutamate and benzoate type

Summary An unsaturated polyester/sisal flame retardant composite was formulated using decabromine diphenyl oxide associated with antimony trioxide as additives. The development and use of natural or vegetable fiber reinforced composites is increasing worldwide, since natural fibers come from renewable sources and their use contributes to the so-called 'green technology'. In the present study, the synergic effect of a bromine/antimony (3:1 molar ratio) based flame retardant system with 7.5% Br (mass/mass) added to composites investigated by TG, UL-94V and pyrolysis on a coupled Pyr-GC/MS device. The efficiency of the flame retardant system is confirmed by TG and UL-94V test where the composite containig flame retardant system obtained the highest classification (V-0).     

Synergistic effect between a novel hyperbranched charring agent and ammonium polyphosphate on the flame retardant and anti-dripping properties of polylactide

A novel hyperbranched polyamine charring agent (HPCA), a derivative of triazines, was synthesized and well characterized by ¹H NMR and FTIR. HPCA and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were added into polylactide (PLA) resin as an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system to impart flame retardancy and dripping resistance to PLA. The flammability and thermal stability of IFR-PLA composites were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning, cone calorimetry and thermogravometric analysis (TGA) tests. The results showed that the IFR system had both excellent flame retardant and anti-dripping abilities for PLA. The TGA curves suggested that HPCA has good ability of char formation and when combined with APP, would induce synergistic effect which could be clearly observed. This effect greatly promoted the char formation of IFR-PLA composites, hence improved the flame retardant property. Additionally, the structure and morphology of char residues were studied by XPS, FTIR and SEM.     

Preparation of highly efficient flame retardant unsaturated polyester resin by exerting the fire resistant effect in gaseous and condensed phase simultaneously

The unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) were usually applied in electronic equipment, but the intrinsic flammability severely retrained their application. A mono‐component flame retardant poly (piperazine methylphosphonic acid neopentylglycol ester) (PPMPNG) made in our lab was selected and applied to improve their flame retardant performance. The UPR thermosets achieved UL‐94 V‐0 grade during vertical burning tests and the limiting oxygen index was as high as 32.1% when 15 wt% PPMPNG was incorporated. PPMPNG promoted the decomposition and carbonization of UPR materials in advance during heating process, and the residual mass was effectively enhanced at high temperature. The flame retardant mechanism of UPR/PPMPNG thermosets was investigated by pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry tests, and the measurement of the morphologies and chemical components of the char residue. The phosphine oxygen radical was generated and then quenched the active free radicals in gas phase. Moreover, the av‐EHC of FR‐UPR was declined from 15.8 MJ kg^?1 of pure UPR to 8 9 MJ kg^?1 corresponding a reduction of 43.6%, which also verified the flame retardant effect in gas phase. The compact, integrated, and graphitized char layer was produced on materials surface and then exerted excellent barrier effect in condensed phase. Thus, the UPR/PPMPNG composites were conferred superior flame retardant properties.     

聚磷酸酯阻燃剂复配聚磷酸铵对环氧树脂阻燃性能的影响

合成了一种9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)的衍生物——聚苯氧基磷酸-2-10-氢-9-氧杂-磷杂菲基对苯二酚酯(POPP), 以间苯二胺(m-PDA)为固化剂, 环氧树脂(EP)为基料, POPP为阻燃剂, 复配聚磷酸铵(APP), 制备了不同磷含量的阻燃环氧树脂. 利用极限氧指数(LOI)和垂直燃烧(UL94)实验表征了环氧树脂的阻燃性能; 以热重分析、 锥型量热和扫描电镜分析了阻燃环氧树脂的热性能和表面形态. 研究结果表明, 阻燃剂总加入量(质量分数)为5%时即可达到UL94 V-0级, 同时LOI值为27.7%; 当总加入量为15%, 即w_POPP=5%, w_APP=10 %时, 其LOI值可达到33.8%. 随着磷含量的增加, 阻燃环氧树脂的初始降解温度略有降低, 但高温下的残炭率明显增加. POPP/APP的加入在很大程度上降低了环氧树脂的热释放速率、 有效燃烧热、 烟释放量和有毒气体释放量. 阻燃环氧树脂在高温下形成比较稳定的致密膨胀炭层, 为底层的环氧树脂主体隔绝了分解产物及热量和氧气交换, 增强了高温下的热稳定性.     

A New Nano‐Structured Flame‐Retardant Poly(ethylene terephthalate)

A modified nano‐hydrotalcite was used as inorganic flame‐retardant fillers for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) polymers. A flame‐retardant compound was obtained from layered hydrotalcite (LDH) dispersed in brominated polystyrene (PBS) solution and then solvent evaporation from the dissolved PBS samples. The compound of PBS/LDH was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and was found to have high aspect ratio LDH dispersed in the PBS matrix. Flame‐retardant PET composite was prepared by melt‐compounding the flame‐retardant compound of PBS/LDH and PET. Improvement in the fire retardancy of the nano‐flame‐retardant PET composite obtained was found by measuring the oxygen index. The nanostructure of flame‐retardant PET composite was chirecterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of flame‐retardant PET composite. The mechanical properties of the flame‐retardant PET nano‐composite were also characterized.     

Effects of phosphorus-containing thermotropic liquid crystal copolyester on pyrolysis of PET and its flame retardant mechanism

In order to compare their inherent flame retardancy and thermal stability, two phosphorus-containing thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyesters (P-TLCP) were synthesized by melting transesterification. Additionally based on the facts that the P-TLCP can work as a functional additive to enhance the flame retardancy and mechanical property of PET, we further studied the flame retardant mechanism. Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) observations show that the char from PET/P-TLCP is more compact, therefore more efficiently resists fire and heat attack than pure PET. Moreover, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements of evolved gas, indicate that P-TLCP decomposes to produce phosphorus-containing small molecular compounds during the pyrolysis process, such that P-TLCP could play a flame retardant role in vapour phase. Furthermore, P-TLCP strongly inhibits the generation of combustible compounds in the pyrolysis of PET, which also helps to resist fire propagation.