有机分子聚集体中振动分辨光谱的激子耦合效应

光谱是探究分子间相互作用及发光机理的有效手段.本工作采用Frenkel激子模型和量子力学/分子力学（QM/MM）方法系统研究了一系列聚集诱导发光（AIE）体系和传统荧光（非AIE）体系晶态下的吸收、发射光谱.结果表明,分子内电声子耦合（λ）与分子间激子耦合（J）竞争决定了晶态聚集体的光谱特性.在室温下,当J/λ值大于约0.17时,有机分子聚集体光谱的激子耦合效应将表现明显.例如,对于面对面排列的H聚集体,只有考虑激子耦合效应的理论计算光谱才与其实验光谱吻合很好,即相较于单分子光谱的吸收蓝移、发射减弱并红移.对于AIE体系,因为其J/λ值均小于0.17,AIE聚集体光谱特征主要是由分子内电声子耦合所主导,激子耦合可以忽略不计.     

紫精类化合物分子聚集体材料的界面组装

紫精类化合物具有良好的电化学活性,并且在发生氧化还原反应时伴有颜色的变化,在膜修饰电极、电致变色材料和分子器件的研制等方面受到广泛的关注。紫精中的烷基链非常易于进行化学修饰,因而比较适合于通过自下而上的分子自组装技术制备多功能的分子和纳米材料。本文综述了利用Langmuir-Blodgett法、自组装法和层层组装法制备紫精分子聚集体材料的研究进展,并讨论了分子聚集体薄膜中紫精的结构、电致变色、电化学氧化还原特性及其在研制超分子器件方面的应用。     

超分子聚集体构筑单元的分子设计及其自组装研究进展

超分子聚集体因有着丰富的形貌和多样化的功能,并具有良好的可调控性,而备受广大超分子科学家的关注。不同结构的超分子聚集体在新材料开发、药物传输、生物成像和医疗卫生等领域均有着极其重要的研究价值和应用前景。基于在不同领域中超分子聚集体的应用特点,其自组装构筑单元的设计方法也有着诸多的选择,如何高效地设计并制备有价值的超分子体系构筑单元已经成为超分子化学研究的一个重要课题。基于超分子聚集体自组装过程的影响因素,对超分子聚集体构筑单元的主要设计方法和思路进行了总结和分析,为后续不同体系超分子聚集体构筑单元的设计及其自组装过程的相关研究提供重要的参考。     

新型有序结构分子聚集体的构筑

本文概述了近年来我们在新型有序结构分子聚集体构筑方面取得的一些主要成绩，并展望了今后进一步的研究和发展方向。     

NMR波谱技术在两亲分子聚集体研究中的应用

NMR technologies such as relaxation, self-diffusion coefficient and other NMR methods were reviewed. The results of NMR measurements, especially, on 1H, 13C, 19F-NMR spectra and quadrupolar echo of 2H-NMR spectra on self-assembled properties and structures have been obtained. The investigations on the self-assembly of amphiphiles and the transition of self assembled structures were introduced and the determination of NMR measurements on micelles, vesicles and microemulsions was summed.     

含C60球两亲分子有序聚集体研究

综合评述了C60两亲分子有序聚集体的形成、结构及聚集体演变规律,介绍了含C60球两亲分子有序聚集体结构的冷冻刻蚀电子显微镜和电子显微镜、小角度中子散射、小角度X光散射、激光光散射以及聚集体结构模型的研究结果.     

基于咔唑的分子内电荷转移分子聚集体对Ag+的比率荧光检测

以吡啶套索醚银离子络合基团为电荷受体,N-苯基咔唑为电荷给体,构筑分子内电荷转移共轭体系。咔唑基团的亲脂性可以增强分子在水介质中的疏水作用而形成分子聚集体。随着混合溶剂中水比例的上升,该分子呈现明显的丁达尔现象,荧光发射峰呈现先红移后蓝移的现象。在四氢呋喃-水(THF-H₂O,φ_H2O=87%)介质中,分子聚集体于428 nm处呈现较弱的荧光发射峰,随着溶液中Ag⁺浓度的增加,Ag⁺配合物在498 nm处的发射峰逐渐增强,该传感器分子聚集体可以对Ag⁺实现比率荧光检测,检出限0.337μmol/L。该传感器比率信号在0～0.7μmol/L范围内对Ag⁺具有较好的线性关系。     

非富勒烯电子受体多尺度分子聚集体

有机太阳能电池的光活性层由p型电子供体和n型电子受体构成.这些有机半导体分子的共轭结构和杂元素使其分子间存在强非共价键作用,易于自组装形成分子聚集体,展现出与单个分子截然不同的光电性能,更决定了太阳能电池光吸收、激子解离和电荷传输等光电转换过程.本文介绍了n型非富勒烯电子受体材料在分子及微纳尺度下的多级聚集体形态,包括强结晶性非富勒烯受体的堆叠、成核、结晶机制与抑制手段,以及弱有序非富勒烯受体无规聚集及有序性提升策略.最后,重点讨论了非富勒烯电子受体纤维化的研究进展及关键技术,并对未来高性能非富勒烯电子受体的结构设计和聚集调控进行了总结和展望.     

光调控分子有序聚集体及其功能化研究进展

双亲分子在溶液中可以缔合形成胶束、囊泡、液晶、乳液等有序分子聚集体。在分子中引入功能性的基团,通过改变分子的结构、浓度或引入外部刺激,可以对有序分子聚集体的类型和性能进行调控。光作为一种绿色可控的清洁能源,是一种理想的外部刺激信号。在双亲分子中引入感光基团,可以通过光照调节有序聚集体的组装,并进一步实现功能性的调控。本文综述了近年来在光调控分子有序聚集体方面的研究及其在生物、传导、纳米材料制备中的应用。同时,对光调控的功能性有序分子聚集体未来的发展前景进行了展望。     

PLA-b-PEO-b-PLA三嵌段共聚物分子聚集体性质的研究

采用开环聚合的方法 ,合成了组成不同的PLA b PEO b PLA三嵌段共聚物 .滴加选择性溶剂水于共聚物的良溶剂溶液中 ,制备了共聚物以水为介质的“平头”聚集体胶束溶液 .把聚集体胶束溶液浇铸在云母片上 ,采用扫描探针显微镜 (SPM)表征了其形貌和表面微粘弹性 .发现脱离了极性介质水的聚集体的表面性质发生了不均一化 ,聚集体的顶部比相连接的部分具有较高的储能模量 .聚集体环境的改变使聚集体中不同嵌段的迁移导致了这种表面粘弹性的不均一 .另外 ,采用动态光散射的方法测量了体系溶液中聚集体胶束的尺寸 .实验发现光散射所得到的聚集体的尺寸远远大于SPM所得到尺寸 .增加聚合物的起始浓度使聚集体胶束的尺寸以及多分散性都在不同程度上增大 .然而聚合物的不同 ,这种增加的程度会有比较大的差别     

Evaluating First-Order Molecular Properties of Delocalized Ionic or Excited States in Molecular Aggregates by Renormalized Excitonic Method

In the past few years, the renormalized excitonic model (REM) approach was developed as an efficient low-scaling ab initio excited state method, which assumes the low-lying excited states of the whole system are a linear combination of various single monomer excitations and utilizes the effective Hamiltonian theory to derive their couplings. In this work, we further extend the REM calculations for the evaluations of first-order molecular properties (e.g. charge population and transition dipole moment) of delocalized ionic or excited states in molecular aggregates, through generalizing the effective Hamiltonian theory to effective operator representation. Results from the test calculations for four different kinds of one dimensional (1D) molecular aggregates (ammonia, formaldehyde, ethylene and pyrrole) indicate that our new scheme can efficiently describe not only the energies but also wavefunction properties of the low-lying delocalized electronic states in large systems.     

Computational Study on the Charge Transport and Optical Spectra of Anthracene Derivatives in Aggregates

A recent experiment [Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017 , 56, 722–727] found that a (1 : 9) blend film of two anthracene derivatives, 2-fluorenyl-2-anthracene ( FlAnt ) and 2-anthryl-2-anthracence ( 2 A ), exhibit both efficient white light emission and high hole mobility, thus promising for organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs). Employing quantum chemistry at the polarizable continuum model (PCM) and the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) levels, we investigated the excited-state structures, optical spectra, band structure and the carrier mobility for FlAnt and 2 A from solution to aggregate phases. We suggest using the ratio of intermolecular excitonic coupling J and intramolecular excited state relaxation energy E to judge the bathochromic shift in optical emission in aggregates. For FlAnt , ρ=J/E is calculated to be less than 0.17, a critical value we identified earlier, and the spectra in solution and aggregate phases present quite similar features (blue emission). However, ρ is ∼0.5 for 2 A systems, and the calculated emission in the aggregate phase exhibits a remarkable bathochromic shift. In addition, the 0–0 emission is strongly suppressed in the herringbone stacking. These observations justify the experimental findings that (i) 2 A is blue emissive in solution but yellow-green in the aggregate phase, whereas FlAnt is always blue, and (ii) the blend of them show white emission. By using the “quantum nuclear tunneling” model we proposed earlier, we found the hole mobility for FlAnt and 2 A are 0.5 and 4.2 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹, respectively, indicating both are good hole transport materials.     

The Excitation Spectra of Naphthalene Dimers: Frenkel and Charge‐transfer Excitons

Vertical electronic excitation energies have been calculated at the second‐order approximate coupled‐cluster (CC2) level for a series of dimeric naphthalene systems. The calculated excitation energies are compared with values obtained for a single naphthalene molecule and provide information about the coupling between the naphthalene moieties in the dimers. The calculations show that the coupling between the naphthalenes depends on the distance and the energy of the exciton. At long distances and high energies the excitons on the two naphthalenes are strongly coupled, whereas the excitation energies of the few lowest states are almost unaffected by the presence of the neighboring molecules. We have also analyzed the composition of the dimeric states that consist of the individual monomer states, to investigate the charge‐transfer (CT) and the Frenkel character of the excitons. Our results indicate that the CT exciton exists at short distances, and that its population drops as the distance between the two naphthalene increases.     

Absorption and Fluorescence Emission Spectra of Molecules Containing Azo and/or Oxadiazole Units

The ground state structures of a series of organic molecules containing azo and/or oxadiazole units were obtained by means of density functional theory B3LYP/6-31G(d) method. The first singlet excited state structures were optimized by virtue of singlet-excitation configuration interaction CIS/6-31G(d) method. The absorption and fluorescence emission spectra were then evaluated via the time-dependent density functional theory B3LYP and PBE1PBE methods with 6-311++G(3df,2p) basis set. The calculation results show that compared with those of their parent molecules A-H, B-H, C-H, D-H, the absorption and emission wavelength values of all the derivatives show red shifts. The derivatives containing both the oxadiazole and methoxyl units are good candidates for longer absorption wavelength materials. The effects of azo, oxadiazole, and methoxyl units on the absorption and emission wavelength were discussed.     

CHIH-DFT Determination of the Molecular Structure and Infrared and Ultraviolet Spectra of Azathiophenes

In this work, we make use of a new model chemistry within Density Functional Theory, which is called CHIH-DFT (Chihuahua Heterocycles-Density Functional Theory), to calculate the molecular structure of the azathiophenes, as well to predict their infrared and ultraviolet spectra. The calculated values are compared with the experimental data available for these molecules as a mean of validation of our proposed chemistry model. The predicted results are in excellent agreement with the experimental ones.     

Molecular Exciton Approach to Anisotropic Absorption and Circular Dichroism II. The Partial Optic Axis and its Application in Molecular Exciton Theory

Summary. The first part of the present communication develops the general theory of the partial optic axis, which is an excitation specific structural feature first proposed as an aid to the choice of chromophoric reference points in a molecular exciton approach to optical rotatory power, and discusses its applicability to symmetry analyses in the light of the distinction between the three categories for anisotropic optical rotatory power, i.e. chiral, achiral optically active, and achiral optically inactive molecular structures. The second part of the communication discusses the special role played by the concept of the partial optic axis in the evaluation of the anisotropic chromophoric intensity contributions in a molecular exciton approach, in particular in relation to the use of the chromophoric symmetry for the systematic selection and characterization of the intensity contributions.Permanent address: Holmebjerg 5, DK-2950 Vedbæk, Denmark     

N2,O2水溶液光谱的分子动力学模拟

用分子动力学模拟方法研究了N2和O2水溶液的光谱性质．给出了能描述分子内部运动的溶质－溶剂相互作用势．对溶质和溶剂原子的速度自相关函数（VACF）作了计算．讨论了所得VACF的性质并计算了其谱密度．溶质分子振动谱出现的红移，与液态N2，O2的Raman实验结果相吻合．模拟得出的转动谱表明了溶剂分子对溶质转动运动的阻滞，模拟结果也表明VACF计算对溶液和液体光谱的研究十分有效．     

给电子基团对吲哚染料电子结构和吸收光谱的影响

利用密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT), 分别基于B3LYP和PBE1PBE方法研究了一系列含有不同给电子基团的吲哚染料分子(ID1-ID3)的电子结构和吸收光谱性质. 重点比较了不同电子给体对染料的分子结构、吸收光谱以及其在电池中的光伏性能的影响. 结果表明从ID1、ID2到ID3, 随着电子给体中苯环数目的增加, 吲哚分子上的共轭效应逐渐增大, 导致吲哚分子最高占据分子轨道-最低未占据分子轨道(HOMO-LUMO)之间的能隙变窄, 分子的吸收光谱发生红移. 染料分子的吸收光谱和LUMO能级分别影响染料的吸光效率和光电转化过程中电子的注入过程, 从而使其二者成为决定电池光伏性能的重要参数. 综合考虑上述两个参数对电池性能的贡献, 通过理论研究证实, 在ID1-ID3系列染料中, ID3具有较长的吸收谱带、较大的分子消光系数和合适的LUMO能级, 从而表现出最为优越的光伏性能, 这与实验得出的结论很好地吻合.