两亲性超支化聚合物的研究进展

两亲性超支化聚合物作为一种新型功能性材料.近年来引起了人们的广泛关注.两亲性超支化聚合物的合成丰要是利用不同亲水性的链段对超支化聚合物端基进行改性,或者首先在超支化聚合物末端产生活性位点,再利用超支化分f作为大分子引发剂引发烯类单体进行斤环聚合、原子转移自由基聚合等得到以超支化聚合物为核的两亲性超支化共聚物;这些分子由...     

紫外光固化超支化聚酯的合成及性能

以季戊四醇为核,2,2-羟甲基丙酸为臂,采用熔融缩聚法合成并表征了末端含大量羟基的超支化聚酯,其支化度高,黏度低,具有良好的热稳定性.以甲基丙烯酸酐改性超支化聚酯,得到链末端含有C=C的超支化甲基丙烯酸酯,在最佳反应条件下改性反应的转化率可达89%以上.改性后的超支化聚酯表现出更低的黏度,热失重曲线呈现为两段,玻璃态转...     

超支化聚合反应的多尺度模拟

超支化聚合物具有与树枝状大分子相似的物理和化学性质,其具有合成简单、分子量分布宽等突出特点,超支化聚合物分子的结构形成取决于聚合反应过程,本文介绍了超支化聚合反应模拟研究的最新进展.首先介绍了八位置键涨落粗粒化格子模型在超支化聚合反应模拟中的应用,该方法考虑了聚合物分子空间位阻效应、分子内成环和反应点活性等影响因素,从而可以模拟不同类型的超支化聚合反应;为了定量描述单体和聚合物分子结构,研究者进一步发展了杂化多尺度超支化聚合反应模拟方法,该方法通过玻尔兹曼反演迭代方法获取单体和聚合物特异性粗粒化力场,然后通过粗粒化分子动力学方法结合反应性Monte Carlo方法对特异性超支化聚合反应进行定量模拟.多尺度聚合反应模拟不仅可以精确计算超支化聚合物分子量、多分散性指数和支化度等一般性聚合物参数,还可以获取分子成环率、超支化大分子构象等重要分子结构信息,在超支化聚合反应基础研究与预测方面具有重要应用价值.     

超支化共轭聚合物的合成性能及功能化研究

将超支化结构引入发光聚合物体系,合成了多种具有光、电功能的超支化共轭聚合物发光和化学传感器材料.主要结果如下:(1)这类聚合物溶解性好,热稳定性高.通过改变聚合物端基,可以调节聚合物的电子、空穴传输性质,控制聚合物膜的形貌,改善聚合物的光物理性质及器件的性能.如以吡啶基团为端基的超支化聚合物,固体膜中的荧光量子产率高达88%,不仅可以甩膜,还可以拉制LB膜,或通过自组装技术得到稳定均匀的功能性薄膜.     

《高分子化学》课程中结合超支化聚硅氧烷的案例教学研究

超支化聚硅氧烷作为一种新型的超支化聚合物,兼具了超支化聚合物和硅氧聚合物的优点,是《高分子化学》课程教学中具有典型代表性的前沿教学案例.本文以超支化聚硅氧烷为案例教学对象,从单体选择、原料配比、聚合过程控制等方面进行讨论,重点讲授逐步聚合、缩聚反应、凝胶点的预测等相关知识点;在此基础上进一步延伸到高分子材料结构与性能的...     

超支化共轭聚合物的合成、性质及在光电器件中的应用研究进展

简述超支化共轭聚合物光电活性材料研究进展,设计、合成了多种具有3-D立体结构的超支化共轭聚合物,研究了它们的结构与性能的关系及其在器件上的应用.实验结果表明,这种聚合物具有良好的溶解性,可成膜性和高的发光效率.可应用于发光二极管(LED),发光电化学池(LEC),光伏打电池等器件.这类化合物不仅可以作为发光材料,还可以通过修饰得到具有分子或离子识别、信息存储性能的特殊功能材料.     

端丙烯酸酯基超支化聚(酯-胺)的结构分析及光固化

近年来 ,具有树枝状结构的超支化聚合物因其独特的物理化学性质而得到广泛关注[1,2 ] .超支化聚合物主要采用 3种途径合成 ,( 1 )ABn(n >2 )型及潜ABn 型单体的聚合 ;( 2 )由A2 与Bn 型单体直接聚合 ;( 3)先由特定的单体对原位形成ABn型中间体后再聚合 .其中后两种方法可直接采用商业化原料 ,因此更具有实用价值 .目前 ,基于途径 ( 2 )已合成出超支化聚酰胺[3 ] 、聚醚[4] 、聚酰亚胺[5] 和共轭聚合物[6] 等 ,但该途径容易生成凝胶化产物 ,通过控制反应物浓度、在凝胶点之前停止反应等 ,可得到溶解型超支化产物 .由于超支化聚合物具有低…     

苯胺链段为侧基的聚酰胺酸的合成及性质

采用三元共聚法制备了苯胺齐聚物为侧链的接枝型聚酰胺酸. 通过红外光谱、核磁共振谱及高效凝胶渗透色谱等技术对聚合物结构进行了表征. 该材料亚胺化后具有十分优异的热稳定性. 紫外-可见光谱和电化学测试结果表明, 该聚合物具有独特的光谱性质和可逆的电化学活性. 聚酰胺酸/ITO电致变色电极具有颜色变化明显, 响应速度较快, 着色效率高等优点, 是一种综合性能较好的电致变色聚合物材料.     

超支化/星形聚合物电解质的研究进展

与液体电解质相比较,聚合物电解质以其易加工、设计灵活、质量轻、安全无毒的特点而受到人们的广泛关注,具有取代液态电解质的潜在应用价值,而超支化/星形聚合物以其无定形、低玻璃化转变温度、支化结构等特点可被用于固态电解质。本文综述了超支化/星形聚合物电解质材料的研究进展,重点介绍了超支化/星形聚合物基电解质和超支化/星形聚合物共混基电解质,并对超支化/星形聚合物单一离子导体在锂离子电池方面的应用前景作了概述。     

新型功能性超支化聚酯的合成及表征

近年来 ,树枝状和超支化聚合物的研究受到了广泛重视 ,被视为 2 1世纪聚合物科学发展的重要方向[1] .这两种聚合物都有大量的端基 ,与相同分子量的线型聚合物相比 ,它们具有更低的粘度和更好的溶解性 .树枝状聚合物具有规整的结构 ,但合成困难 ;超支化聚合物的支化结构不完整 ,可以通过简单的一步聚合获得 ,因此 ,后者受到更广泛的重视 ,也最有可能实现工业化 [2 ,3] .通常 ,超支化聚合物是通过 ABx(x≥ 2 )型单体的缩聚合成的 ,通过改变超支化聚合物的组成、结构及对其端基进行功能修饰 ,可以制备多种具有特殊用途的新材料 ,在粘度改性剂…     

Poly(aryl ether) bearing electroactive tetraaniline pendants and allyl groups: Synthesis,photo‐crosslinking and electrochemical properties

We describe the synthesis of a novel electroactive photo‐crosslinkable poly(aryl ether), containing tetraaniline pendants and allyl groups (EPPAE). The polymer structure and spectral properties are studied in detail. By introducing the electroactive tetraaniline pandents, EPPAE reveals reversible electrochemical activity, expected electrochromic behavior and good anticorrosive performance. After crosslinking the allyl groups with UV exposure, the resultant polymer (c‐EPPAE) shows drastic change in electrochemical properties. The c‐EPPAE/ITO electrode exhibits declining electroactivity but excellent electrochemical stability, which are associated with densification of the electroactive layer. Furthermore, in the corrosive protection measurements, c‐EPPAE reveals an outstanding protection efficiency (99.92%) for stainless steel substrates. A comprehensive study of electrochromic properties and corrosive protection of EPPAE before and after UV exposure will provide an insightful tool for the developing electrochromic smart windows, electrochromic displays, and anticorrosive paint. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54, 2321–2330     

Synthesis and electronic properties of alternating alpha,alpha'-thiophene-phosphole oligomers

[structure: see text] Alternating thiophene-phosphole oligomers up to seven rings in length have been synthesized. A regular decrease of the HOMO-LUMO gap is observed upon increasing the length of the pi-conjugated system. The nature of the P-moieties dramatically influences the optical and electrochemical properties of these phosphole-based oligomers. Electro-oxidation of derivative 5a afforded an electroactive polymer exhibiting reversible p-doping.     

重氮偶合反应合成超支化偶氮聚合物的光响应性能研究

利用重氮偶合反应和后重氮偶合反应制备了主链和端基含有不同假芪型偶氮苯生色团的超支化偶氮聚合物.利用氢核磁共振、紫外光谱、红外光谱等分析手段确定了合成聚合物的结构、玻璃化转变温度和光谱特性等.研究了聚合物光致二向色性的性能,此聚合物的取向有序度为0.063.用两束相干的P偏振Ar+激光对聚合物膜进行光加工,得到形状规则的正弦波形表面起伏光栅,末端偶氮苯基团的引入极大地增加了超支化偶氮聚合物的光响应速度.     

Properties of composite solid polymer electrolyte using hyperbranched polymer with ether-linkage

The cross-linked composite solid polymer electrolytes composed of poly(ethylene oxide), lithium salt (LiN(SO₂CF₃)₂), and a hyperbranched polymer whose repeating units were connected by ether-linkage (hyperbranched polymer (HBP)-2) were prepared, and their ionic conductivity, thermal properties, electrochemical stability, mechanical property, and chemical stability were investigated in comparison with the non-cross-linked or cross-linked composite solid polymer electrolytes using hyperbranched polymers whose repeating units were connected by ester-linkage (HBP-1a, 1b). The cross-linked composite solid polymer electrolyte using HBP-2 exhibited higher ionic conductivity than the non-cross-linked and cross-linked composite solid polymer electrolytes using HBP-1a and HBP-1b, respectively. The structure of the hyperbranched polymer did not have a significant effect on the thermal properties and electrochemical stability of the composite solid polymer electrolytes. The tensile strength of the cross-linked composite solid polymer electrolyte using HBP-2 was lower than that of the cross-linked composite solid polymer electrolyte using HBP-1b, but higher than that of the non-cross-linked composite solid polymer electrolyte using HBP-1a. The HBP-2 with ether-linkage showed higher chemical stability against alkaline hydrolysis compared with HBP-1a with ester-linkage.     

Triazatruxene-containing hyperbranched polymers: Microwave-assisted synthesis and optoelectronic properties

Hyperbranched polymer structures represent a class of high-functionality building blocks with excellent three-dimensional topology for the construction of highly substituted conjugated polymers. In this contribution, an efficient microwave synthesis protocol toward the synthesis of conjugated hyperbranched polymers is presented. A novel series of soluble hyperbranched polyfluorenes (PTF1-PTF3) incorporating triazatruxene moiety as the branch units with various branching degrees have thus been successfully constructed with good yields and high molecular weight via a facile “A2+B2+C3” approach. The structures of the hyperbranched polymers were confirmed by NMR and GPC. Their thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties of the hyperbranched polymers were also investigated. The results showed that introduction of triazatruxene units into the hyperbranched structure endowed the polymer with good thermal stability and highly amorphous properties. Photophysical investigation of PTFx revealed strong blue emission in both solution and solid states. Hyperbranched polymers with higher degree of branching and proper content of linear fluorene units exhibited better photophysical properties in terms of narrow emission spectra and relatively high quantum efficiency as well as improved thermal spectral stability. The triazatruxene branching unit also played a role in raising the HOMO energy levels relative to those of polyfluorenes that would help to improve the charge injection and transport properties. The incorporation of triazatruxene unit into hyperbranched polymers has thus explored an effective avenue for constructing optoelectronic polymers with improved functional characteristics.     

Synthesis and characterization of highly stable blue‐light‐emitting hyperbranched conjugated polymers

Polyfluorene homopolymer ( P1 ) and its carbazole derivatives ( P2 – P4 ) have been prepared with good yield by Suzuki coupling polymerization. P2 is an alternating copolymer based on fluorene and carbazole; P3 is a hyperbranched polymer with carbazole derivative as the core and polyfluorene as the long arms; P4 is a hyperbranched polymer with carbazole derivative as the core and the alternating fluorene and carbazole as the long arms. These polymers show highly thermal stability, and their structures and physical properties are studied using gel permeation chromatography, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, UV–vis absorption, photoluminescence, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The influence of the incorporation of carbazole and the hyperbranched structures on the thermal, electrochemical, and electroluminescent properties has been investigated. Both carbazole addition and the hyperbranched structure increase the thermal and photoluminescent stability. The CV shows an increase of the HOMO energy levels for the derivatives, compared with polyfluorene homopolymer ( P1 ). The EL devices fabricated by these polymers exhibit pure blue‐light‐emitting with negligible low‐energy emission bands, indicating that the hyperbranched structure has a strong effect on the PLED characteristics. The results imply that incorporating carbazole into polyfluorene to form a hyperbranched structure is an efficient way to obtain highly stable blue‐light‐emitting conjugated polymers, and it is possible to adjust the property of light‐emitting polymers by the amount of carbazole derivative incorporated into the polymers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 790–802, 2008     

P and n dopable semi-interpenetrating polymer networks

Electrochemical oxidation of thin films of 9-(2,3-epoxypropyl)carbazole (OEPC) oligomer deposited on an electrode leads to the formation of an in-situ cross-linked structure with biscarbazyl redox sites due to the anodic coupling of pendant carbazole units. Electrochemical, optical, and thermal characterizations confirm the formation of a conducting network containing electroactive biscarbazolyl units. When the electrochemical cross-linking takes place in a starting thin film containing a mixture of OEPC and a perylene bisimide polymer [poly(Pery-EO₃)], a semi-interpenetrating polymer network is formed which possesses both electron donor and electron acceptor properties. Indeed, the electrochemical behavior of the semi-interpenetrating polymers network (IPN) is characterized by two reversible oxidations and two reversible reduction waves corresponding to the biscarbazolyl and perylene redox moities, respectively. The energy levels of the highest occupied molecular orbital E _HOMO and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital E _LUMO of each donor and acceptor in the semi-IPN have been evaluated and indicate a possible electron transfer from biscarbazole to perylene, which could be taken advantage of in the field of solar cells application.     

氧化偶联聚合方法合成电活性聚芳醚酮

通过氧化偶联聚合方法成功地合成出电活性聚芳醚酮. 该反应条件温和, 操作简单, 室温下即可进行. 用红外光谱、核磁共振谱、高效凝胶渗透色谱、循环伏安、热失重、X射线衍射等技术对所合成的聚合物进行了表征, 并探讨了聚合物的性能.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HYPERBRANCHED VINYL POLYMERS FROM RAFT POLYMERIZATION OF AN ASYMMETRIC DIVINYL MONOMER

Hyperbranched vinyl polymers were prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of a styrenic asymmetric divinyl monomer.This was achieved by using cumyl dithiobenzoate or S-dodecyl-S′- (α,α′-dimethyl-α″-acetic acid)trithiocarbonate as the chain transfer agent,1,1′-azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile) or thermal initiation as a source of radicals.Cross-linking was inhibited by a rapid RAFT-based equilibrium between active propagation chains and dormant species,and thus a h...     

The electroactive multilayer films of polyelectrolytes and Prussian blue nanoparticles and their application for H2O2 sensors

Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles were immobilized in polyelectrolyte (PE) multilayers of various compositions and thickness. Films containing nanoparticles and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) were formed using the layer-by-layer adsorption method. A layer of branched poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) was used to anchor the multilayer structure at the surface of a gold electrode. The films exhibited electroactive properties, increasing with the number of deposited PB layers. The properties of PEI/(PB/PAH) _n multilayers were then compared with the ones containing additionally the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). We found that the addition of the conductive, water-soluble polymer enhances the electroactive properties of the multilayer films. It also increased sensitivity of the multilayer-covered electrodes for electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide.