多孔纳米羟基磷灰石-聚乳酸复合材料的

本文以TIPS法,在溶液中制备得到多孔纳米羟基磷灰石-聚乳酸复合材料,并对无机相与有机相之间的界面结合情况进行了研究,结果表明纳米羟基磷酸钙与聚乳酸基体之间结合良好。     

聚乳酸/羟基磷灰石多孔复合材料的制备及体外降解研究

采用溶剂浇铸-盐沥洗法制备了具有较高孔隙率的聚左旋乳酸/羟基磷灰石(PLLA/HA)多孔复合材料,用扫描电镜(SEM)和衰减全反射-傅立叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)研究了HA含量对制备样品的形貌以及体外降解行为的影响.结果表明,100/10、100/20、100/30、100/40和100/50的PLLA/HA复...     

纳米羟基磷灰石的制备及结晶尺寸的控制

Nano particle hydroxyapatite was synthesized based on wet chemical precipitation method. The precipitated hydroxyapatite powders are characterized using Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy(ICP), FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction(XRD), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and electron diffraction(ED). Hydroxyapatite with different mean nano particle sizes in the range of 20～160 nm was prepared. Particle sizes were mainly determined by reaction temperature. Influences of degree of supersaturation, stirring intensity and reaction temperature were analyzed based on crystallization process analysis.     

改性纳米羟基磷灰石/PLGA复合材料的制备及生物活性

以低聚乳酸接枝改性的羟基磷灰石纳米粒子(op-HA)和聚丙交酯-乙交酯(PLGA)制备的生物可降解纳米复合材料(op-HA/PLGA)为研究对象, 采用FTIR, TGA, ESEM和EDX分析其接枝反应、接枝率、表面形貌和钙磷沉积情况, 通过在材料膜表面接种兔成骨细胞进行体外培养, 采用荧光染色、NIH Image J图像分析和Real-time PCR综合评价细胞在材料表面的形态、黏附面积比、增殖能力和基因表达水平, 以此评价新型骨修复纳米复合材料op-HA/PLGA的表面性质和生物活性. 研究结果表明, op-HA的表面接枝率为8.3%, 掺入至PLGA后可形成富含钙磷的粗糙表面, 促进成骨细胞的黏附、扩展和增殖, 提高Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(Collagen-Ⅰ)、骨形态蛋白-2(BMP-2)和骨连接蛋白(Osteonectin)的基因表达水平, 提高材料的钙磷沉积能力. op-HA/PLGA具有良好的细胞相容性和成骨活性.     

聚乳酸/纳米SiO_2复合材料的熔融和冷结晶行为

采用熔融共混法制备了聚乳酸(PLLA)/纳米SiO2复合材料;利用透射电镜观察了复合材料的微观形貌;利用差示扫描量热仪测定了该复合材料的熔融行为和非等温冷结晶行为;利用Jeziorny法和Mo法研究了PLLA及其复合材料的非等温冷结晶动力学.结果表明,纳米SiO2在PLLA基体中具有良好的分散性和异相成核作用,使得PLLA基体的结晶峰向低温方向移动;复合体系的熔融温度和熔融焓的变化与SiO2的加入量密切相关.采用Jeziorny法和Mo法均可以很好地处理复合材料的非等温冷结晶过程.     

纳米羟基磷灰石/胶原复合材料制备方法比较研究

低温下,通过将水热合成的纳米羟基磷灰石浆料与中性胶原溶胶共混和在中性胶原中原位形成羟基磷灰石两种方法制备羟基磷灰石／胶原复合材料,采用XRD、FTIR、扫描电镜、透射电镜和力学性能测试等方法对两种复合材料的特性进行了表征。通过对两种方法制备的复合材料的特性进行比较,发现两种方法均制备得到了纳米羟基磷灰石／胶原复合材料,复合材料在晶相组成、化学组成、纳米羟基磷灰石晶体尺寸、胶原纤维的结构等方面都与天然骨相似。但原位合成纳米羟基磷灰石晶体的结晶度比水热合成的纳米羟基磷灰石更接近于自然骨,原位合成的羟基磷灰石／胶原复合材料的均匀性、界面结合紧密度、力学性能等方面均优于共混法。原位合成法是改善纳米羟基磷灰石／胶原复合材料均匀性和力学性能的有效方法。     

硬脂酸改性纳米羟基磷灰石表面性能的研究

采用硬脂酸(C₁₇H₃₅COOH)对纳米羟基磷灰石(n-HA)表面进行处理,并研究了n-HA与C₁₇H₃₅COOH的界面作用。透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)以及X光电子能谱(XPS)分析表明,C₁₇H₃₅COOH在n-HA表面黏附,其中羧酸根离子(-COO^-)与钙离子(Ca^2＋)之间形成了稳定的离子键,以羧酸钙形式存在。C₁₇H₃₅COOH改性后的n-HA与聚碳酸酯(PC)复合后,复合材料的力学性能与未改性n-HA相比有明显提高。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果显示,经处理后的HA微粒在PC中分散均匀,两者间结合紧密,无明显界面,复合材料的断裂呈明显的韧性断裂,随着n-HA无机粒子含量增加,复合材料的断裂也逐渐向韧性与脆性断裂共存转变。     

聚乳酸纳米复合材料的研究进展

聚乳酸是一种重要的可生物降解/吸收高分子材料,广泛地用作可降解塑料、纤维和生物材料,市场前景广阔.它具有与聚烯烃相当的力学强度和加工性能,但耐热性和抗冲性较差.为满足各种应用的需要,其热性能、力学性能和气体阻隔性等尚需进一步提高.通过与无机纳米材料复合的方法,可以明显地提高聚乳酸的性能.本文介绍了近年来聚乳酸有机-无机纳米复合材料的制备、结构与性能等方面的研究进展,对三者的相互关系进行了评述,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望.     

羟基磷灰石表面改性的研究进展

羟基磷灰石（HAP）由于其良好的生物相容性及骨诱导作用而被广泛应用于生物复合材料中。但是,其本身容易聚集,与聚合物之间相容性差,会导致复合材料的力学性能和生物学性能下降。在HAP表面改性既可以有效防止颗粒间的聚集,增强其与基体间的相互作用,同时,还可以通过接上具有特殊功能的聚合物,赋予HAP新的用途。本文综述了羟基磷灰...     

纳米碳酸钙微粒填充改性聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能和结晶行为研究

研究了两种不同粒径的纳米碳酸钙(Nano-CaCO3)熔融共混改性均聚聚丙烯(PP)材料的力学性能和结晶行为，结果表明，两种纳米CaCO3填料对PP的B晶形成均有不同程度的诱导作用，并可提高基体结晶温度和结晶速率，从而提高材料的冲击韧性．     

左旋聚乳酸的结晶行为研究

用DSC, WAXD和POM对Zn催化剂制备的左旋聚乳酸(PLLA)的熔体结晶行为进行了研究. 在95~125 ℃范围内, PLLA熔体结晶生成厚度约(14±1) nm的片晶, 该片晶不易发生熔体等温增厚. 对实验数据分别用Avrami方程和Arrhenius方程进行了计算, Avrami指数n=3±0.3, 表明PLLA以球晶形式生长, 其最大结晶速率温度为(105.0±0.5) ℃, t1/2约为5.2 min. 利用Lauritzen-Hoffmann（LH）理论对PLLA结晶机理进行了分析, 发现PLLA结晶的Regime Ⅱ和Regime Ⅲ的转变温度为107 ℃. Kg(Ⅱ)和Kg(Ⅲ)分别为4.57×105 K2和1.115×106 K2, 且Kg(Ⅲ)/Kg(Ⅱ)=2.4, 与LH理论值一致.     

聚乳酸-聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物晶行为研究

用1H NMR, SEC, XRD和DSC对聚乳酸(PLLA)-聚乙二醇(PEG)二嵌段共聚物进行了表征. 由于共聚物中两种组分比例的不同, 表现出某组分单独结晶或两种组分共同结晶. 用DSC和POM方法, 对两组分含量相当的共聚物进行了熔体结晶行为研究, 并采用Avrami方程进行了结晶动力学计算. 用Lauritzen-Hoffmann理论对PLLA-PEG结晶机理进行了分析. 在70~94 ℃范围内, 得到成核参数Kg(POM)=5.23×105 K2. 共聚物的Kg和链折叠自由能σe都比均聚物的文献报道值高, 表明PEG链段的存在影响了PLLA的结晶, 使得其成核较均聚物困难.     

四臂聚乳酸/线性聚乳酸共混物的结晶行为及机理研究

为了探究四臂聚乳酸对线性聚乳酸结晶行为的影响,将四臂聚乳酸与线性聚乳酸的共混物在示差扫描量热仪(DSC)和偏振光显微镜(PLM)热台中加热到熔点附近的不同温度下恒温后分别进行了降温—升温程序,考察了四臂聚乳酸对线性聚乳酸的结晶行为的影响.结果表明,随着四臂聚乳酸含量增加,四臂聚乳酸在共混物形成的晶体中的比例增大且四臂聚乳酸有促进共混物晶体完善的作用,导致了熔融过程中熔点的上升.进一步研究证明,在共混物中完全熔融的四臂聚乳酸的支化结构能够促进结晶成核点的形成,从而促进四臂聚乳酸/线性聚乳酸共混物的结晶;而部分熔融的四臂聚乳酸能大幅促进共混物的结晶能力,这是未完全熔融的晶体的成核作用所导致的.     

Enhancing the Crystallization Performance of Poly(L-lactide) by Intramolecular Hybridizing with Tunable Self-assembly-type Oxalamide Segments

In this work, hydroxyl-terminated oxalamide compounds N~1,N~2-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)oxalamide(OXA1) and N~1,N~(1′)-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N2-(2-hydroxyethyl)oxalamide(OXA2) were synthesized to initiate the ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide for preparation of oxalamide-hybridized poly(L-lactide)(PLA_(OXA)), i.e., PLA_(OXA1) and PLA_(OXA2). The crystallization properties of PLA were improved by the self-assembly of the oxalamide segments in PLA_(OXA) which served as the initial heterogeneous nuclei. The crystal growth kinetics was studied by HoffmanLauritzen theory and it revealed that the nucleation energy barrier of PLA_(OXA1) and PLA_(OXA2) was lower than that of PLA. Consequently, PLA_(OXA) could crystallize much faster than PLA, accompanied with a decrease in spherulite size and half-life crystallization time by 74.8% and 86.5%(T=125 ℃), respectively. In addition, the final crystallinity of PLA_(OXA1) and PLA_(OXA2) was 6 and 8 times higher, respectively, in comparison with that of neat PLA under a controlled cooling rate of 10 ℃/min. The results demonstrate that the hybridization of oxalamide segments in PLA backbone will serve as the self-heteronucleation for promoting the crystallization rate. The higher the content of oxalamide segments(PLA_(OXA2) compared with PLA_(OXA1)) is, the stronger the promotion effect will be. Therefore, this study may provide a universal approach by hybridizing macromolecular structure to facilitate the crystallization of semi-crystalline polymer materials.     

环氧丙烷聚醚三元醇/左旋聚乳酸三枝链嵌段共聚物的结晶行为

采用DSC对环氧丙烷聚醚三元醇/左旋聚乳酸三枝链嵌段共聚物(PPO-b-PLLA)的熔体结晶行为进行了研究. 在388～407 K范围内, 分别采用Avrami方程和Arrhenius方程进行了结晶动力学计算. Avrami指数n值约为2.2, 表明共聚物以二维生长方式进行晶体生长. 基于LH结晶理论, 对三枝链嵌段共聚物的结晶机理进行了探讨. 实验发现该体系共聚物的Regime II和Regime III转变温度随着n(PO)∶n(LA)的增大而变化, Kg (III)/Kg (II)＝2.0～2.2, 与LH理论预期值吻合. 实验结果表明三枝链的PPO链段对PLLA链段的结晶有很大影响, 使其成核较均聚物困难. 链折叠自由能σe和链折叠功q均高于PLLA的值.     

Thermal Properties of Poly(L-lactide)/Calcium Carbonate Nanocomposites

Summary: Thermal properties of nanocomposites prepared of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and CaCO₃ applying differential scanning (DSC) calorimetry and thermogravimetry (TG) were studied. Nanocomposites were prepared by extrusion process at 170 °C. DSC measurements show that CaCO₃ has no influence on glass transition and melting point of PLLA but lowers its cold crystallization temperature. There is no difference in glass transition temperature of PLLA before and after extrusion. High temperature thermal stability of the PLLA in the composites is poorer than neat PLLA. Kinetic parameters also indicate greater reactivity of the system upon CaCO₃ addition.     

聚左旋乳酸/聚氧化乙烯共混物的拉伸行为及结构转变

采用熔融共混方法制备了聚左旋乳酸(PLLA)和超高分子量聚氧化乙烯(PEO)共混物, 通过差示扫描量热(DSC)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和二维广角X射线散射(2D-WAXS)等方法系统研究了PEO的加入对不同温度下PLLA拉伸行为及拉伸过程中微观结构变化的影响. 结果表明, PLLA/PEO共混物为非均相体系, PEO粒子均匀分布在PLLA中形成两相结构. PEO的加入能够显著降低PLLA的玻璃化转变温度(T_g), 在25～60 ℃范围内显著提高PLLA的拉伸性能. 在60 ℃拉伸时, PEO的加入提高了PLLA在拉伸过程中的结晶和形变能力. 在80 ℃拉伸时, 共混物的拉伸断裂伸长率下降, 但共混物的结晶速度仍高于纯PLLA样品.     

苯乙烯—丙烯酸钠共聚物改性PET结晶行为的研究

本文用DSC和FT-IR方法研究了PET/苯乙烯-丙烯酸钠共聚物共混体系的相溶性、等温结晶动力学、组成、温度等因素对结晶速率、结晶度等结晶行为的影响,并初步探讨了离聚物对PET的作用。     

Antibacterial poly(D,L-lactide) (PDLLA) fibrous membranes modified with quaternary ammonium moieties

<正>Antibacterial poly(D,L-lactide)(PDLLA) fibrous membranes were developed via electrospinning,followed by surface modification which involved plasma pretreatment,UV-induced graft copolymerization of 4-vinylpyridine(4VP) and quaternization of the grafted pyridine groups with hexylbromide.The success of modification with quatemized pyridinium groups on the PDLLA fibrous membranes was ascertained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The antibacterial activities of these membranes were assessed against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli(E.coli).The PDLLA fibrous membranes modified with quaternized pyridinium groups showed antibacterial efficiency against both bacteria as high as 99.999%.The results demonstrated that the antibacterial activity was based on the interaction of the positive charge of pyridinium group and negatively charged cell membrane of bacteria, resulting in loss of membrane permeability and cell leakage.     

Non-Isothermal Crystallization of Poly (vinylidene fluoride)/Poly (methyl methacrylate)/Cellulose Nanocrystal Nanocomposites

Poly (vinylidiene fluoride) (PVDF)/poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) nanocomposites were prepared by solution blending. Non-isothermal crystallization of PVDF/PMMA (70/30) blend and its composites was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that the addition of CNCs played a positive role in both the crystallization rate and crystallization percentage. The addition of CNCs increased the initial crystallization temperature, peak crystallization temperature, and crystalline enthalpy. The Avrami index indicated that CNCs did not change the crystallization mechanism; while other parameters derived from Jeziorny theory and Mo's method, including Z _c , F(t), and α, further verified the positive role played by CNCs.