利用聚乙烯醇结晶辅助制备多重交联的高强度聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶

在表面带有C=C双键的乙烯基杂化二氧化硅纳米颗粒(vinyl hybrid silica nanoparticle,VSNP)上接枝丙烯酰胺(AM),所得到的纳米刷状凝胶因子通过聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)间的氢键形成物理交联点,则多官能化的VSNP可作为拟共价交联点构筑双重交联的单一网络纳米复合物理水凝胶(nanocomposite physical hydrogel,NCP gel),表现出较高的强度和超拉伸性.为了进一步提高凝胶的强度和韧性,将少量PVA和PAM/VSNP纳米刷混合制成凝胶,通过冷冻-融化处理,使与PAM分子链相互缠绕并形成氢键作用的PVA结晶,形成新的交联点进一步交联PAM NCP gel,得到多交联的PAM NCP gel体系.通过拉曼光谱和示差扫描量热分析,证明凝胶中的PVA通过氢键既可以与PAM相互作用,又形成微晶为新交联点,大大增强了NCP gel的力学性能,与PAM NCP gel相比,凝胶的拉伸强度和断裂能分别从313 k Pa和1.41×104 J/m~2提高到了557k Pa和4.65×104 J/m~2.     

交联聚乙烯醇水凝胶对胆红素的吸附性能研究

本文采用反相聚合的方法以戊二醛为交联剂合成了珠状交联聚乙烯醇凝胶，并研究了它对胆红素的吸附性能。结果表明交联聚乙烯醇对胆红素的体外吸附率受到吸附剂的交联度、颗粒直径、溶液中白蛋白的浓度、吸附温度及离子强度的影响。该类吸附剂对胆红素具有良好的吸附动力学性能。     

壳聚糖水凝胶微球的制备与溶胀性能

采用三聚磷酸钠(TPP)和六偏磷酸钠(SHMP)为复合交联剂,制备了离子交联网络结构的壳聚糖水凝胶微球。分析讨论了交联剂质量配比、pH以及离子强度等对壳聚糖微球溶胀性能的影响。结果表明:使用复合交联剂制备的微球的溶胀度比单独使用TPP或SHMP的分别低62.4%和41.3%,交联效率得到明显提高;当m(TPP)∶m(SHMP)=3∶5,交联剂pH=5时,制备的微球交联程度最好,结构最密实;在pH=1.2的缓冲溶液中,溶胀度可达到357%,而且凝胶没有任何破碎。微球具有较好的离子强度和pH敏感性,在酸性介质中有较高的溶胀度。     

磁性聚乙烯醇微球的制备及表征

为了制备表面具有羟基且有一定磁响应性的聚乙烯醇微球,本文采用反相乳化的方法,以液体石蜡为连续相,在Fe3O4磁流体存在下,通过戊二醛交联聚乙烯醇(PVA)。对微球的形貌,表面羟基含量,微球密度,微球Fe含量以及微球的磁响应性进行了研究。制得了粒径分布为25μm~150μm,表面羟值为11mmol/g~20mmol/g的磁性聚乙烯醇微球。     

聚合物纳米微球增韧水凝胶的制备与表征

通过无皂乳液聚合制备阳离子纳米微球(NPs),并将其作为疏水交联中心来制备高强韧水凝胶。体系中的疏水单体甲基丙烯酸月桂酯(LMA)在表面活性剂作用下聚集到纳米微球表面,形成疏水缔合中心,通过原位引发自由基聚合得到纳米微球杂化的聚丙烯酰胺疏水缔合水凝胶P(AAm-LMA)-NPs。当凝胶受到应力时,由纳米微球形成的动态交联点通过断裂与重组可以有效地耗散能量,极大地提高了凝胶的强度和韧性。因此,所制备的P(AAm-LMA)-NPs水凝胶表现出十分优异的机械性能,其最大拉伸强度可达860 kPa,断裂伸长率为1280%,断裂韧性为3.8 MJ/m³。聚合物纳米微球增韧水凝胶的力学性能优异,有望在生物医学和工业领域有重要应用。     

聚合物微球交联水凝胶研究进展

作为一类与人体软组织结构最为相似的材料,高分子水凝胶在医药、食品、农林、化妆品等领域应用广泛。其中,聚合物微球交联水凝胶在承受外力时聚合物可以通过链滑移或变形有效地耗散外界应力,赋予了水凝胶优异的强度和韧性,备受国内外学者关注。本文主要介绍了聚合物微球交联水凝胶、嵌段共聚物胶束交联水凝胶以及疏水缔合水凝胶的合成方法,归纳了其在传感器、组织工程以及药物释放等领域中的应用进展,对其增韧机理及应用前景进行分析,并展望了该领域的研究趋势,为可构筑高性能水凝胶提供依据。     

气凝胶微球的制备和应用

与传统的块状气凝胶不同,气凝胶微球是一种具有独特结构的新材料。它既由纳米级材料构建,又有微米级尺寸,同时还具备气凝胶特有的热、声、光、电性质和复杂的三维网络拓扑结构,在生物医药、环境修复、功能性载体、能源存储和转化等领域具有广泛的应用潜力。近年来,国内外关于气凝胶微球的研究进展迅速,但关于气凝胶微球的综述还没有报道。本文结合气凝胶微球领域最新的研究进展,从气凝胶微球的制备方法、种类以及不同种类的气凝胶微球在环境、医药、能源领域的应用等方面进行了综述。     

高压静电法制备多孔磁性壳聚糖微球

以壳聚糖(Chitosan, CS)为基质, 通过共混法引入四氧化三铁磁性颗粒, 以硅胶(Silicagel, S)为致孔剂, 在热的NaOH溶液中溶出硅胶致孔, 采用高压静电法制备磁性壳聚糖微球. 通过SEM观察了微球的结构和形貌, 并对微球结构和形貌的影响因素及其制备工艺进行了系统的研究, 结果表明, 高压静电法制备的磁性硅胶/壳聚糖微球粒径可通过微量进样器的针头大小来控制, 并且粒径分布均匀, 实验重复性及可控性好; 当以质量体积分数为5%的壳聚糖醋酸溶液(体积分数2％, mS∶mCS=4∶1), 用8号针头进样时, 制得直径约为600 μm, 孔洞分布均匀, 孔径约为50 μm的多孔磁性壳聚糖微球. 由于磁性多孔壳聚糖微球中含有大量的活性羟基和氨基, 因此显弱碱性, 对酸性物质和金属离子的吸附作用很好, 且可通过外加磁场进行有效分离. 磁性多孔壳聚糖微球在生物分离及污水中的酸性染料处理方面具有潜在的应用价值.     

聚乙烯醇/丙烯酸共聚物水凝胶的制备及溶胀性

制备了具有pH敏感性的聚乙烯醇(PVA)/丙烯酸(AA)共聚物水凝胶,研究了PVA与AA之间配比、交联剂、引发剂用量对凝胶转化率的影响,对水凝胶的溶胀行为和pH敏感性也进行了详细研究.实验表明PVA与AA的质量比为(1∶9)~(3∶7)之间时,引发剂和交联剂分别为PVA和AA总量的0.2%和0.3%时,凝胶转化率高.随着水溶液pH值从3增加到9,凝胶的溶胀比也相应的增加,表现出明显的pH敏感性.     

回流沉淀聚合:单分散聚合物纳米水凝胶微球制备新技术

针对高效制备单分散聚合物纳米水凝胶微球手段欠缺问题,我们发展了一种新型的纳米水凝胶微球制备新技术——回流沉淀聚合技术,与以往的沉淀聚合及蒸馏沉淀聚合相比,该方法效率更高、普适性更强、操作更简单,适合高效制备单分散的纳米水凝胶微球及其复合微球.通过考察制备聚甲基丙烯酸微球过程中的反应时间、固含量、交联剂含量、混合溶剂比例等影响因素,成功制备了形态可控、尺寸均一、水中分散性良好的聚甲基丙烯酸纳米水凝胶微球,并给出了微球形态控制的基本规律.通过该技术制备的纳米水凝胶微球及其复合微球将被广泛用于生物医用材料中.     

Preparation and Characterization of Magnetic Targeted Drug Controlled-Release Hydrogel Microspheres

Magnetic targeted drug controlled release hydrogel microspheres were prepared by a radiation technique. Ferric oxide granules (size around 50 nm) were used as the core for magnetic target. The PVP ferrogels (ferromagnetic nanoparticles in hydrogel microsphere) were obtained by irradiating an emulsion of Poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone) PVP/ferromagnetic granule with cobalt 60 γ–ray. The morphology of the PVP ferrogel was studied by both optical and electronic microscopy, respectively. A broad-spectrum anticancer drug, Bleomycin A5 Hydrochloride (BLM), was immobilized in the ferrogel and the release property of the drug in vitro was studied. The function of targeting and anti-cancer was studied on the New Zealand White rabbits, based on the implantation of experimental VX2 squamous cell carcinoma in the auricles of the rabbits.     

肝素钠/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶的制备与性能

通过循环冷冻-解冻法,制成了肝素钠/聚乙烯醇(HS/PVA)复合水凝胶材料。 探讨了不同质量分数肝素钠对复合水凝胶材料的可见光透过率、含水率、亲水性、力学性能以及肝素钠释放量的影响。 结果表明,复合水凝胶的可见光透过率为92%以上,溶胀平衡的含水率为72%~78%,亲水性较纯PVA水凝胶有所提升,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率都稍有下降。 细胞粘附实验结果表明,适量的肝素钠的释放可以达到减少细胞粘附的效果。 这种HS/PVA复合水凝胶材料有望用作人工角膜中心区材料。     

Application of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)/Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) Hydrogel Produced by Conventional Crosslinking or by Freezing and Thawing

Hydrogels for this study were prepared from a mixture of PVA and CMC using three different techniques, i.e., freezing and thawing, electron‐beam irradiation or combined freezing and thawing and electron beam irradiation. A comparative study between the three techniques was carried out in terms of gel fraction (%) and swelling (%). It was found that the physical properties of the hydrogel were improved when the combination of freezing and thawing and irradiation were used rather than just freezing and thawing, or irradiation only. The effects of temperature and soil fertilizers on swelling (%) were examined to evaluate the usefulness of the hydrogel as a super absorbent in the soil. It was found that the swelling ratio increased as the composition of CMC increased in the blend. Hence, the blend having the composition 80/20 (CMC/PVA) was used as a super absorbent in the soil for agriculture. Moreover, the water retention increased in the soil containing this hydrogel. Thus, this type of hydrogel can be used to increase water retention in desert regions.     

多孔β-磷酸三钙/壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶的制备与性能

以NaCl为致孔剂,采用溶盐致孔法制备了多孔β-磷酸三钙/壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇（β-TCP/CS/PVA）复合水凝胶材料。 通过对比其含水率、溶胀比、拉伸强度、X射线衍射谱图、SEM和热重分析曲线,探讨了在相同环境下壳聚糖与β-磷酸三钙（β-TCP）的不同用量对聚乙烯醇(PVA)的结晶度以及对材料性能的影响。 此复合材料含水率为70%~76%。 当壳聚糖与β-TCP的质量比为2∶8时,复合材料的拉伸强度为0.56 MPa,断裂伸长率达到370%,其较好的力学性能,足以承受正常人眼压,可用作人工角膜周边支架材料。     

抗菌淀粉-聚乙烯醇水凝胶的制备及性能

以环氧氯丙烷为键合剂将胍盐低聚物（PHMG）接枝到淀粉分子上,设计了正交试验优化接枝反应条件。将产物添加到淀粉和聚乙烯醇（PVA）水溶液中,采用化学交联法合成了具有抗菌性能的淀粉-聚乙烯醇（S-PVA）水凝胶,测试了水凝胶的溶胀率、脱水率以及抗菌性能。结果表明：当反应温度为40°C、时间为0.5 h、pH为9时,PHM...     

聚乙烯醇/丝胶共混凝胶薄膜的制备与表征

采用反复冷冻-解冻的方法制备了聚乙烯醇/丝胶共混凝胶薄膜,考察了薄膜热性能、力学性能和在水中的失重率,并对其微观结构进行了分析。结果表明:当制备过程中循环冷冻-解冻次数增加,且共混薄膜中丝胶与聚乙烯醇的含量相等时,可提高薄膜的综合性能。     

粒径可控的聚乙烯醇交联微球VA/DVB的制备

以醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)为主单体,二乙烯基苯(DVB)为交联剂,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为分散剂,采用悬浮聚合法制备了交联微球VAe/DVB.重点考察了分散剂用量、搅拌速率、油水两相比例、NaCl用量等因素对交联微球的形成及其粒度的影响.使用甲醇对微球VAc/DVB进行醇解反应,制得了聚乙烯醇交联微球VA/DVB.结果表明:交联微球VA/DVB的物理形态决定于前驱体微球VAc/DVB的形貌与粒径.在悬浮聚合体系中,分散剂用量、搅拌速率与油水两相比是影响交联微球制备的主要因素,当分散剂用量太少(<0.3%)、搅拌速率太慢(<200 r/min)与油水两相体积比太大(>l:4)时,共聚合体系中均不能发生成球过程.控制悬浮聚合的反应条件,可以制备出球形度好、粒径可调控的交联微球VA/DVB.影响醇解反应的主要因素是反应温度,适宜的温度是40℃,反应15 h醇解度可达92%.     

A Polysaccharide-based Hydrogel and PLGA Microspheres for Sustained P24 Peptide Delivery: An In vitro and In vivo Study Based on Osteogenic Capability

A bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2) derived synthetic oligopeptide, S [PO4]KIPKASSVPTELSAISTLYLDDD(P24), has shown great potential for facilitating bone regeneration. However, P24 cannot be directly used onto bone defects, while a continuous sustained delivery of P24 may lead to a better formation of bone tissue. Based on this issue, we have developed a sustained delivery system incorporating P24-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA) microspheres and nano-hydroxyapatite(n-HA) into the composite hydrogel. The P24-contained compound material was characterized with NMR, FTIR and SEM to demonstrate the fomiation of compound structure containing P24, PLGA and n-HA. A continuous drug release of P24 was observed for over 60 d that evidently enhanced the efficiency in promoting the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells and the secrete of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) in vitro. Moreover, the osteoinduction eflect of the hydrogel system with P24 peptide niicrospheres was demonstrated in vivo and manifested by the result of immunohistochemistry. This novel injectable composite hydrogel is expected to be applied to improving the bone defect treatment in bone tissue engineering.     

Study on Biological Safety of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Collagen Hydrogel as a Tissue Substitute (II)

Physically crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol/collagen composite hydrogels were prepared by a cyclic freezing-drying technique. The biological properties of the hydrogels, including hemolysis, anaphylaxis, pyrogen and acute systemic toxicity tests and implantation in-vivo, were investigated. The hemolysis test suggested that the polyvinyl alcohol/collagen, with a hemolysis index of 1.19%, did not have an obvious hemolysis reaction. There was no toxicosis or death cases observed in the acute systemic toxicity test, and the hydrogel showed no anaphylaxis or pyrogen response. The composite hydrogel showed a good histological compatibility in the in-vivo study. The results indicated that the polyvinyl alcohol/collagen composite hydrogels have promising applications for pharmaceutical and biomedical fields.     

层状水凝胶仿生软骨的制备与性能

采用超声分散、高压加热共融、冷冻-熔融和γ射线辐照交联成型工艺制备层状水凝胶仿生软骨材料, 系统讨论了PVP添加量和辐照剂量对材料的凝胶含量、晶态结构及抗压缩弹性模量的影响, 观察和研究了层状水凝胶的微观结构. 研究结果表明, 随着PVP的质量分数(0-40%)和辐照剂量(0-60 kGy)的增加, 层状水凝胶的凝胶含量呈上升趋势; 其晶态结构在质量分数为20%的PVP和10 kGy辐照剂量下最完善; 其力学性能在质量分数为20%的PVP和20 kGy辐照剂量下最佳; PVP的加入改善了水凝胶的微观形貌, 有利于材料表面润滑性能的提高; 层状水凝胶层间渗透结合, 自然过渡, 形成结构良好的仿生软骨材料.