Molecular Geometry Optimization, Two-Photon Absorption and Electrochemistry of New Diphenylethylene Derivatives Linking with Benzophenone Moiety Through Ether Covalent Bond

This paper presents the molecular geometry optimization, two-photon absorption and electrochemistry of new dyes containing benzophenone part, including 4-(p-benzoyl-benzyloxy)yl-4'-nitro-diphenylethylene (C1), 4-[N-methyl-N-(2-(p-benzoyl-benzyloxy)yl-ethyl]-4'-nitro-diphenylethylene (C2), 4-[N-ethyl-N-(2-(p-benzoyl-benzyloxy)yl-ethyl]-4'-nitro-diphenylethylene (C3), and 4-N, N-bis[(2-(p-benzoyl-benzyloxy)yl-ethyl]-4'-nitro-diphenyl ethylene (C4). The molecular structural parameters show that the coplanarity of diphenylethylene moiety is diminished in the excited state for C1, while it is enhanced for C2, C3 and C4. The electron density distribution of frontier orbital suggests that the derivatives exhibit (π, π) transition with internal charge transfer character, and the extent of charge transfer of C2, C3 and C4 is larger than that of C1. The derivatives display remarkable two-photon absorption (TPA) induced up-converted emission under 800 nm Ti: Sapphire femtosecond laser excitation. The maximal TPA emission wavelength of C2, C3 and C4 is red-shifted with respect to that of C1. TPA cross sections of C2, C3 and C4 are larger than those of C1. The cyclic voltammograms and the fluorescence lifetimes of the derivatives were determined and discussed.     

Synthesis,Spectroscopy and Photochemistry of Novel Branched Fluorescent Nitro-Stilbene Derivatives with Benzopheonone Groups

In this article, we presented novel nitro-stilbene derivatives with one or two benzophenone groups as photoinitiators via multi-steps synthesis. The ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy and the emission spectroscopy of the compounds were determined in various solvents. The results showed that the ultraviolet/visible absorption spectroscopy of the derivatives with benzophenone moiety displayed overlap effects of nitro-stilbene and benzophenone parts. In non-polar solvents, the derivatives exhibited strong emission, while they displayed weak emission in modest and strong polar solvents. Dyes-linked benzopheonone groups displayed stronger fluorescence emission than simple chromophore parent molecules. Visible-light photoinitiating effects of the derivatives were investigated extensively. Methyl methacrylate could be photoinitiated efficiently by the derivatives with benzophenone moieties at very low concentration, even at 1 × 10⁻⁵ mol/L. While the photopolymerization efficiency of styrene initiated by the derivatives was lower than that of methyl methacrylate. Our results showed that the dye-linked photoinitators had more efficient photoinitiating than the simple mixture of dye and photoinitator. Furthermore, the derivative with two benzophenone groups displayed more excellent phototiniatiating effects than the derivative with one benzophenone group. Thermodynamics driving for the occurrence of visible-light photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer from chromophore part to benzophenone part was evaluated. Benzopinacol moiety produced in photoreaction was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonant spectroscopy. Thermal stability of the derivatives was analyzed.     

Synthesis and Optical Properties of Various Thienyl Derivatives of Pyrene

A series of various thienyl derivatives of pyrene were synthesized by Stille cross-coupling procedure. Their structures were characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and elemental analysis. The spectroscopic characteristics were investigated by UV–vis absorption and fluorescence spectra. Based on quantum chemical calculations, the energy levels of investigated molecules with respect to the pyrene molecule were also discussed.     

共轭支链含腈基的聚对苯乙烯衍生物的合成及光谱特征

通过HECK法共聚将腈基引入聚对苯乙烯(PPV)的共轭支链,得到聚合物DiCN-PPV。通过核磁共振(¹H-NMR)、质谱(MS)、元素分析及GPC确定了组成和分子量。探索了聚合反应时间和温度对聚合物分子量及产率的影响。结果表明,该聚合物具有较高的热稳定性(T_d>247℃),在100℃反应62 h可以得到产物分子量M_n=1.76×10⁴,分散度P_d=1.9,产率50%。以紫外吸收光谱及荧光光谱分析了该聚合物溶液及其膜的基本光谱特征,表明D iCN-PPV中D-A(Donor-Acceptor)给受体的结构发生分子内的能量转移,从而导致了新的能级结构。它的荧光为红光λ_max=645 nm,是一种潜在的有机红光新材料。     

由芴炔撑和苯并噻二唑组成的新型共轭聚合物的合成与光学性能

采用Pd(PPh₃)₄和CuI作为催化剂,在三乙胺和甲苯溶液中,采用2,7-二乙炔基-9,9-二辛基芴(PFE)和4,7-二溴-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑(BT),以不同配料比合成了一系列新型的聚芳炔聚合物。所有这些聚合物的数均分子质量M_n约为4000~12000,并在三氯甲烷和甲苯中都有很好的溶解性。研究了其紫外-可见吸收光谱、光致发光性能。随着共聚物中BT的增加,共聚物的光致发光的发射波长有少量红移,证明了由宽能带的2,7-二乙炔基-9,9-二辛基芴(PFE)和窄能带的4,7-二溴-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑(BT)组成的共聚物,由于激子在窄能带单元中的限制使得在宽能带单元和窄能带单元之间发生了有效的分子内的能量转移。因此在聚芴炔链中引入不同含量的窄带隙杂环单元可实现对聚芴发光颜色的调节。     

A Comprehensive Investigation on the Cooperative Branch Effect on the Optical Properties of Novel Conjugated Compounds

This paper presents a variety of conjugated derivatives with different number of arms (4-styryl-triphenylamine: C1, 4, 4′-di-styryltriphenylamine: C2, 4, 4′, 4″-tri-styryltriphenylamine: C3). The linear absorption and fluorescence maxima and the molar extinction coefficients are in the order of C1<C2<C3 in various solvents. Two-photon absorption (TPA) up-converted emission of the derivatives were determined with Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser. The maximal TPA emission wavelength and the two-photon absorption cross section of the derivatives are also in the order of C1<C2<C3 in various solvents. The dipole moment changes of the derivatives between the excited state and the ground state were estimated from experiment, and they are in the order of C1<C2<C3, which is confirmed further by the molecular geometry optimization of the derivatives. The electron density distribution and the energy levels of the frontier orbital of the derivatives were analyzed. The cyclic voltammograms of the derivatives were performed and discussed.     

新型含咔唑聚芴类共轭聚电解质及其前驱体的合成与光电性能

采用Suzuki偶合反应成功地合成了一系列在主链上具有不同含量苯并噻二唑单元的聚咔唑和含胺基芴的衍生物:聚[3,6-(N-(2-乙基己基))咔唑-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑-9,9-双(N,N-二甲基胺丙基)芴](PCzN-BTDZ);通过对所得聚合物的季铵盐化后处理得到了其相应的聚电解质衍生物:聚[3,6-(N-(2-乙基己基))咔唑-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑-9,9-(双(3′-(N,N-二甲基)-N-乙基铵)丙基)芴]二溴(PCzNBr-BTDZ)。通过对它们的电致发光性能的研究,发现所有的聚合物用高功函数铝作阴极的器件具有和用钡/铝作阴极的器件相近的发光性能,说明这类聚合物具有良好的电子注入性能。不同比例的2,1,3-苯并噻二唑(BTDZ)的引入使聚合物中发生有效的能量转移,调节了聚合物的发光颜色;同时也提高了聚合物的器件性能。其中聚合物PCzN-BTDZ1在器件结构为ITO/PEDOT/PVK/Polymer/BaAl时的效率达0.99%,高于PCzN在相同器件结构时的效率(0.14%)。     

不同分枝结构多孔氧化铝膜的制备和光学特性

在阳极氧化铝的制备过程中,采用二次氧化方法,通过降低二次氧化过程中的电压,使之变为初始电压的1n,得到了具有n个分枝结构的纳米孔径的氧化铝膜.利用岛津UV3101分光光度计测试了样品的透射光谱与偏振光谱.结果表明,在可见和近红外波段,线型孔径结构的多孔铝膜比Y型和枝状结构的多孔铝膜具有更好的透射性能,在偏振性能方面也有优势,更适合作含金属微偏振器件的膜板材料.     

Synthesis,X-Ray Crystal Structures and Optical Properties of Novel Substituted Pyrazoly 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives

Novel pyrazoly 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized and characterized by ¹H NMR, IR, HRMS and X-ray diffraction analysis. UV–vis absorption and fluorescence properties of these compounds in different solutions showed that the maximum absorption wavelength was not significantly changed in different solvents; however, maximal emission wavelength was red-shifted with the increase of solvent polarity. Absorption λ_max and emission λ_max was less correlated with substituent groups on aryl rings.     

Nonlinear Optical Properties of Novel C60 Derivatives under Picosecond Laser Excitation

We investigate the third-order nonlinear optical properties of six novel fullerene derivatives under picosecond laser excitation by Z-scan technique. The experimental results reveal that all the derivatives have very large nonlinear absorption coefficient under 532 nm pulses excitation and great third-order nonlinear refraction index under 1064 nm pulses excitation. The molecular second hyperpolarizabilities are obtained from the experimental results.     

Efficiently Tuning the Absorption and Fluorescence Spectroscopy of the Novel Branched p-Nitro-stilbene Derivatives with Chemical Strategy

Suitable chemical strategy is a useful approach on the tuning color and photoluminescence of organic dyes. This paper presented tuning novel branched p-nitro-stilbene derivatives efficiently with a new chemical strategy through variation of chemical bridged bond. Linking bonds played significant effects on the absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy of the branched p-nitro-stilbene derivatives. A change from “D-π-A” to “A-π-A” chemical structural characteristics occurred for the branched p-nitro-stilbene derivatives as ester bond was attached. This led to not only large hypsochromic shift of the maximal absorption wavelength of the branched p-nitro-stilbene derivatives, but considerable reduction of the fluorescence intensity. While in contrast, the branched p-nitro-stilbene derivatives with ether bond exhibited longer wavelength absorption and much stronger fluorescence emission in modest polar solvent. The cyclic voltammograms of these branched p-nitro-stilbene derivatives were determined. Different electrochemistry processes were observed for the branched p-nitro-stilbene derivatives with various linking bonds. The energies of frontier orbital of the branched p-nitro-stilbene derivatives were estimated from their corresponding redox potentials. Molecular geometry optimization of the branched p-nitro-stilbene derivatives was performed, and the electron density distribution of frontier orbital was analyzed. Thermal stabilities of these branched nitro-stilbene derivatives were investigated via the analysis of the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermograving (TGA) curves. This paper presented strong evidences that the absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy of the branched stilbene derivatives could be mediated efficiently by chemical strategy.     

Optical Properties of Solid Pseudoisocyanine Films Doped with Cluster Derivatives of Boron Hydrides

The formation and optical properties of J aggregates of pseudoisocyanine iodide in solid films in the presence of cluster anionic derivatives of boron hydrides and carboranes (B₁₀H ₁₀ ^2- , B₁₂H ₁₂ ^2- , B₂₀H ₁₈ ^2- , [Ni^IV(1,2-B₉C₂H₁₁)₂]⁰, 1,2-B₉C₂H ₁₂ ^- , [Co(1,2-B₉C₂H₁₁)₂]^-, [Ni(1,2-B₉C₂H₁₁)₂]^-, B₁₀H₈I ₂ ^2- , [Sn(1,2-B₉C₂H₁₁)]⁰) are studied. It is shown that the addition of anions B₁₀H ₁₀ ^2- or B₁₀H₈I ₂ ^2- leads to an efficient formation of stable J aggregates. The addition of carborane complex of nickel [Ni^IV (1,2-B₉C₂H₁₁)₂]⁰ also leads to the formation of J aggregates, although less stable ones. Carborane complex of tin [Sn^II(1,2-B₉C₂H₁₁)]⁰ facilitates the formation of a monomeric form of the dye. The remaining compounds yield no distinct pattern of formation of a certain monomeric or J-aggregated film structure. With the aid of the semiempirical AM1 method, the charge distributions in the cation of the dye and anionic derivatives of the boron hydrides are calculated. It is supposed that the bipolar distribution of a negative charge in the B₁₀H ₁₀ ^2- anion facilitates the formation of a J aggregate. By addition of salts of organic cations to a film of pseudoisocyanine-closo-hydrodecaborate (PCG), J aggregates with a narrow width of the J peak are obtained. The thermal decay of J aggregates in these films is studied. On the basis of the data obtained (the presence of an isosbestic point upon thermal decomposition of J aggregates and their reaggregation; the narrowing and increasing of the J absorption peak, as well as increasing of luminescence, upon dilution of a J-aggregated PCG film with organic cations; and the bipolar character of the electrostatic interaction of the B₁₀H ₁₀ ^2- anion with the dye), it is assumed that the J peak of pseudoisocyanine in the films studied corresponds to the absorption of a dimeric form of the dye.     

The Synthesis, X-ray Crystal Structure and Optical Properties of Novel 5-aryl-3-ferrocenyl-1-pyridazinyl-pyrazoline Derivatives

A series of novel 5-aryl-3-ferrocenyl-1-pyridazinyl pyrazoline derivatives was synthesized by the reaction of ferrocenyl chalcone and 3-chloro-6-hydrazinylpyridazine in 10-65% yields. The compounds were characterized using IR, (1)H NMR, HRMS spectroscopic techniques and representative compounds 3c and 4c were assigned based on the X-ray crystallographic structure. The absorption and fluorescence characteristics of the compounds were investigated in chloroform, tetrahydrofuran and acetonitrile, respectively. The results showed that the absorption maxima of the compounds varied from 323 to 327 nm depending on the groups bonded to benzene and pyridazine ring. The maximum emission spectra of compounds in CHCl(3) were dependent on groups in pyridazine ring in which a strong donating-electron group such as propoxyl group on pyridazine ring in N-1 position of pyrazoline made the emission wavelength of 4a-4e small red shifte than that of compounds 3a-3e with chlorine group. The intensity of absorption and fluorescence was also correlated with substituent on aryl ring in C-5 position of pyrazoline. In addition, the absorption spectra of these compounds changed very little, but the fluorescence spectra had much change with increasing solvent polarity.     

Spectral-Luminescent Properties and Electronic Structure of the Chlorin p 6 Derivatives with an Extended Conjugated Bond System

On the basis of spectral-luminescent investigations it is shown that the introduction of an additional hexatomic imidic ring into the chlorin p ₆ derivatives substantially shifts the absorption bands to the longwave spectral region but causes no decrease in the fluorescence quantum yield, i.e., it is not accompanied by an increase in the nonradiative deactivation rate of the excited singlet state S ₁. It follows from quantum-chemical calculations and also from the experimental data that the presence of this cycle in free bases results in the extension of the conjugated bond system and in the reduction of the singlet–triplet interval E(S ₁–T ₁) as compared to chlorin p ₆. In contrast to the majority of earlier investigated porphyrins and chlorins, the introduction of the central ion Zn into the chlorin p ₆ cycloimide derivative causes an increase in the quantum yield of fluorescence, lowering of the energy of the excited triplet state T ₁, and a noticeable (by 600 cm^–1) increase in the E(S ₁–T ₁) interval in comparison with the corresponding free bases. The data obtained are associated with the characteristic features of the extension of conjugated bond systems for the free bases of cycloimidoderivatives of chlorin p ₆ (22-membered cyclic polyene) and of their Zn complexes (20-membered cyclic polyene).     

三甲基硅、三甲基锗和三甲基锡取代的一系列芘衍生物的紫外吸收和荧光性质

被三甲基硅(Me3Si-)、三甲基锗(Me3Ge-)和三甲基锡(Me3Sn-)取代的芘衍生的紫外吸收波长和未取代的芘相比较,波长红移.一,二,三,四取代三甲基硅芘最大吸收波长红移小于10nm.荧光强度和周期按Me3SiAr＞Me3GeAr＞Me3SnAr顺序减弱.1,3,6,8-四-三甲基硅芘的荧光强度在一系列芘衍生物中是最大的.     

Synthesis of BODIPY Derivatives Substituted with Various Bioconjugatable Linker Groups: A Construction Kit for Fluorescent Labeling of Receptor Ligands

The goal of the present study was to design small, functionalized green-emitting BODIPY dyes, which can readily be coupled to target molecules such as receptor ligands, or even be integrated into their pharmacophores. A simple two-step one-pot procedure starting from 2,4-dimethylpyrrole and ω-bromoalkylcarboxylic acid chlorides was used to obtain new ω-bromoalkyl-substituted BODIPY fluorophores (1a–1f) connected via alkyl spacers of different length to the 8-position of the fluorescent dye. The addition of radical inhibitors reduced the amount of side products. The ω-bromoalkyl-substituted BODIPYs were further converted to introduce various functional groups: iodo-substituted dyes were obtained by Finkelstein reaction in excellent yields; microwave-assisted reaction with methanolic ammonia led to fast and clean conversion to the amino-substituted dyes; a hydroxyl-substituted derivative was prepared by reaction with sodium ethylate, and thiol-substituted BODIPYs were obtained by reaction of 1a–1f with potassium thioacetate followed by alkaline cleavage of the thioesters. Water-soluble derivatives were prepared by introducing sulfonate groups into the 2- and 6-position of the BODIPY core. The synthesized BODIPY derivatives showed high fluorescent yields and appeared to be stable under basic, reducing and oxidative conditions. As a proof of concept, 2-thioadenosine was alkylated with bromoethyl-BODIPY 1b. The resulting fluorescent 2-substituted adenosine derivative 15 displayed selectivity for the A₃ adenosine receptor (ARs) over the other AR subtypes, showed agonistic activity, and may thus become a useful tool for studying A₃ARs, or a lead structure for further optimization. The new functionalized dyes may be widely used for fluorescent labeling allowing the investigation of biological targets and processes.     

Synthesis, Characterization, Optical Properties and Theoretical Studies of Novel Substituted Imidazo[1,5-a]pyridinyl 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives

Novel imidazo[1,5-a]pyridinyl 1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized and characterised by IR, ¹H NMR and HRMS.UV-vis absorption and fluorescence properties of these compounds in different solutions showed that the maximal emission wavelength was not significantly changed in different solvents; however, maximum absorption wavelength was blue-shifted with the increase of solvent polarity. Absorption λ_max and emission λ_max was less correlated with substituent groups on benzene rings. The calculated molecular orbital correlates well with their absorption.     

Analytical Expressions of the Various Derivatives of the Output Power of the Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers with Respect to the Input Power

Based on the physical fact that the nonlinear distortions induced by the travelingwave semiconductor optical amplifiers in the subcarrier multiplexing CATV transmission system can be calculated by expressing the output power P o of the amplifiers with the Taylor series of the input optical power P i and specifying the various order derivatives of P o with respect to P i , the solutions to the rate equations of the amplifiers have been derived, and the analytical expressions of the various order derivatives of P o with respect to P i have been obtained and simulated numerically by selecting typical amplifier parameters.     

Analytical Expressions of the Various Derivatives of the Output Power of the Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers with Respect to the Input Power

Based on the physical fact that the nonlinear distortions induced by the travelingwave semiconductor optical amplifiers in the subcarrier multiplexing CATV transmission system can be calculated by expressing the output power P o of the amplifiers with the Taylor series of the input optical power P i and specifying the various order derivatives of P o with respect to P i , the solutions to the rate equations of the amplifiers have been derived, and the analytical expressions of the various order derivatives of P o with respect to P i have been obtained and simulated numerically by selecting typical amplifier parameters.     

含酯基和吡啶环苯并菲衍生物分子的电荷传输和三阶非线性光学性质

采用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/6-31G**理论水平计算研究含酯基和吡啶环的苯并菲衍生物分子的电荷传输速率．结果表明,酯基双取代的苯并菲衍生物分子具有较高的空穴和电子传输速率,分别为0.22 cm2/v•s和1.51 cm2/v•s．同时引入酯基和吡啶环均不利于空穴和电子传输．使用有限场(FF)方法计算分子的三阶非线性光学性质．结果显示,在酯基和吡啶环之间引入柔性碳链的分子与不含吡啶环分子的三阶非线性光学性质基本一致,均具有较高的电荷传输速率和良好的三阶非线性光学性质．