π核双电荷交换反应

本文系统地评述了目前π核双电荷交换反应的实验及理论研究的状况,讨论了π核双电荷交换反应的可能机制,对于一些尚未澄清的问题作了分析.     

π-核双电荷交换反应短程贡献的夸克模型计算

本文给出了从夸克层次计算π^－核双电荷交换反应短程贡献的理论模型.由此模型具体计算了¹⁸O(π⁺,π^－)¹⁸Ne(g.s.)在低能区的角分布曲线,并与实验数据进行了比较.结果表明,此模型能够较好地解释双电荷交换反应在低能区的"反常"增大行为.     

双电荷交换反应传统机制的DWIA系统分析

本文在扭曲波冲量近似(DWIA)下,系统地对0—300MeV到达同位旋相似态的双电荷交换反应(DIAS DCX)中传统机制的贡献作了分析.考察了π介子波涵数的扭曲、初末态价核子波函数、短程对关联函数、πNN形状因子参数、πN振幅中自旋相关项等因素的影响.结果表明,这些因素对于DCX反应的传统机制的计算都非常重要,不可忽略.但考虑了这些因素的影响后,传统机制仍不能系统地解释0—300MeV能区的激发函数和角分布,必须进一步考虑其它机制的贡献.     

指数变分方法应用于电荷交换反应

本文考虑如下的电荷交换反应:H⁺+H(1s)→H(1s)+H⁺。用指数变分方法得到类H⁺₂的波函数,并将这样的波函数用于上述的电荷交换反应。对入射H⁺的能量为60和125keV的两种情况,计算了电荷交换反应的角分布。结果表明,指数变分波函数带来明显的改进,理论结果与实验数据符合得比较好。 关键词：     

镜核间的反质子与核的电荷交换反应

研究镜核之间的反质子与原子核的电荷交换反应. 在扭曲波冲量近似下,用严格的分波法分析反质子能量是179.7MeV和46.8MeV下¹³N(p,n)¹³C和¹⁵O(p,n)¹⁵N可能到达的能态的微分截面. 并指出同位族相似态跃迁与非相似态跃迁的差异.     

核内核子费米运动对π核双电荷交换反应的影响

本文考察了核内核子费米运动对π核双电荷交换(DCX)反应传统机制的影响,计算了¹⁴C核到同位旋相似态的双电荷交换(DIAs DCX)反应在0～300MeV能区的0°激发函数,在100～300MeV的能区内能够很好地符合实验值,而在50MeV附近,则比实验值小2～3倍.结果表明:仅用传统机制似乎不能完全解释DIAS DCX的低能反常行为,需要引入新的机制.     

反质子与核的电荷交换反应和非弹性散射

在扭曲波冲量近似下,讨论了反质子与核的电荷交换反应A(p,n)B和非弹性散射A(p,p′)*A.并具体地计算能量为E_p=179.7MeV和46.8MeV下¹²C(p,n)¹²B,¹⁸O(p,n)¹⁸N和¹⁸O(p,p′)¹⁸O的微分截面.用严格的分波法处理扭曲波.非弹性散射的微分截面能符合实验.同时预示了在这些能量下,反质子与核发生电荷交换反应可能出现的微分截面理论结果.     

重子相互作用和双重子

本文提出了一个新的夸克势模型──夸克脱定域色屏蔽模型．此模型不用介子交换就给出既有排斥心又有中程吸引的核力,并且定性符合Ｎ－Ｎ散射相移１Ｓ０、３Ｓ１、１Ｐ１和３Ｐ１ａ首次从动力学证明了可能存在两类双重子．一类是像氘核那样的低自旋、弱束缚的双重子,另一类是高自旅、强束缚的六夸克态,ｄ就是一个典型例子,它很可能是一个窄双重子共振态．一个平行的相对论性夸克势模型证实了与上述非相对论势模型有关的双重子态的预言． A new quark potential model, called quark delocalization and color screening model, has been proposed.This model yields both N-N repulsive core and intermediate range attraction without involving the meson exchange and fits the N-N 1S0,3S1,1p1and 3Pls phase shifts qualitatively. It verified dynamically that there might be two kinds of dibaryons.One is the deuteron like low spin, loosely binding two baryon states.The other is the high spin, strong binding six quark states, d. is a typical example and is...     

两重子间夸克交换效应与两重子体系结合能的分析

通过对两重子集团间夸克交换项的分析指出，两重子系统的夸克效应是两集团靠得很近时，并在相对运动的低次波中才能充分表现出来. 对一给定的双重子态其夸克效应的性质由自旋、味道和色空间置换算符在该态的矩阵元决定. 双重子态的结合能和两重子散射相移的数据是检验两集团间夸克效应的重要场所.     

La0.7Ca0.3MnO3中的双交换作用与小极化子效应

本文研究了La0.7Ca0.3MnO3多晶样品的输运性质、电子顺磁共振(EPR)谱随温度的变化规律.实验发现,材料电阻率、热电势在居里温度附近各形成一个尖锐的峰,而在居里温度上、下有着完全不同的变化规律,EPR谱结果也与之完全吻合.可以认为在居里温度以下双交换作用使eg电子退局域而减小电阻率;而在居里温度以上由Jahn-Teller晶格畸变形成的小极化子使eg电子局域化而增大电阻率.进而证实是双交换作用和小极化子效应共同导致了CMR效应的出现.     

二步过程生成(ΩΩ)0+机制的研究

研究了一个生成（ΩΩ）0^ 的二步过程：第一步过程为N Ω→(NΩ）022 γ，或NΩ→(NΩ)022 π；第二步为Ω （NΩ）022→（ΩΩ）000 N。结果表明这个二步过程的每一步的截面都比较大，有可能是一个生成（ΩΩ）0^ 的重要途径。     

Monte Carlo studies of nuclear many-particle systems

Stochastic evaluation of path integrals provides a useful tool for the study of a variety of nuclear systems which are otherwise not amenable to definitive analysis through perturbative, variational, or stationary-phase approximations. Ground state properties of potential models, such as quantum fluctuations in the density, are examined. Tunneling problems in quantum many-particle systems, such as spontaneous fission and the ground state structure of systems with degenerate vacuua are treated by incorporating one's physical understanding of the essential collective degrees of freedom in the stochastic algorithm. The role of subnuclear degrees of freedom is studied by comparing the exact solution of a simple confining quark model with the solution to a phase-shift equivalent hadronic potential model. This work is supported in part through funds provided by the U.S. Department of Energy (D.O.E.) under contract number DE-AC02-76ERO3069.     

Feasibility Studies of Charge Exchange Measurements in pp Collisions at the LHC

(1) Pions produced in the development of extended atmospheric cosmic ray air showers subsequently decay to muons. The measured yield of those muons is generally underestimated by current phenomenological models and event generators optimized for cosmic ray physics. The importance of those disagreements motivates the feasibility studies for testing these models at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies, at the highest center-of-mass energies achievable in a laboratory. The interaction of a nucleus and a virtual pion created in a charge exchange reaction at the LHC is a similar process to those contributing to the development of air showers in case of cosmic rays. The crucial problem of such an analysis is the selection of charge exchange events with the highest possible efficiency and high purity from proton–proton collisions at the LHC. (2) For this we consider distributions of various measurable quantities given by event generators commonly used in cosmic ray physics. (3) We examine the expected distributions of energy deposited in different calorimeters of an LHC experiment. We consider the geometrical acceptance and energy resolution of the detectors at the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment, as an example. We determine a working point cut from the various options for event selection, and compare signal and background predictions using different models for a representative simple observable, such as average transverse momentum or charge particle yield. (4) A set of event selection cuts along these considerations is proposed, with the aim of achieving optimal efficiency and purity.     

中子诱发16O双微分截面的理论分析

应用已经发展的轻核反应新模型理论,计算和分析了中子诱发^16O反应截面,比较和分析了出射中子双微分截面的理论计算结果和实验数据,从理论计算结果与实验的符合情况看,这一理论和方法对于计算轻核的双微分截面是成功的。     

紫外光固化暗反应过程中C=C双键转化率的红外光谱研究

利用红外光谱分析技术,测定了紫外光固化体系中CC双键在1 648～1 589 cm-1 特征吸收峰面积,以此研究紫外光辐照后暗反应过程中的CC双键转化率。系统地考察了光引发剂、活性稀释剂和光敏树脂等对紫外光固化暗反应的影响。研究结果表明：在45 s的紫外光辐照后,体系中40%～85%的CC双键转化是在暗反应过程中完成的,暗反应在1.75 h以后趋于平缓,但要达到95%的CC双键转化率则需要24 h以上。体系中CC双键的转化速率和最终转化率受光引发剂的种类和用量、氧阻效应以及活性稀释剂的官能度影响较大,而光敏树脂的种类及其官能度只影响转化速率,但对最终转化率影响不大。     

80MeV/u 16)O+Fe反应中靶碎片的产额研究

使用核化学技术测量了80MeV/u ¹⁶O离子和天然铁反应中25个靶碎片的生成截面.根据这些数据导出了电荷分布和质量分布.实验结果和以前发表的数据进行了比较,指出A=48质量链的电荷分布宽度参数σ_z和最可见电荷Zp随轰击能量增加而略微增加.根据高能核反应的极限碎裂和因子化概念讨论了靶碎片的质量产额分布.     

Theoretical Model Calculation for d ＋^8Li Reaction

Based on the theoretical models for light nuclei, the calculations of reaction cross sections and the angular distributions for d ＋^8Li reaction are performed. Since all of the particle emissions are from the compound nucleus to the discrete levels, the angular momentum coupling effect in pre-equilibrium mechanism is taken into account. The three- body break-up process and the recoil effect are involved. The theoretical calculated results are compared to existing experimental data.     

Theoretical Model Calculation for d+8Li Reaction

Based on the theoretical models for light nuclei, the calculations of reaction cross sections and the angular distributions for d+⁸Li reaction are performed. Since all of the particle emissions are from the compound nucleus to the discrete levels, the angular momentum coupling effect in pre-equilibrium mechanism is taken into account. The three-body break-up process and the recoil effect are involved. The theoretical calculated results are compared to existing experimental data.     

Molecular dynamics simulation for the baryon-quark phase transition at finite baryon density

We study the baryon-quark phase transition in the molecular dynamics (MD) of the quark degrees of freedom at finite baryon density. The baryon state at low baryon density, and the deconfined quark state at high baryon density are reproduced. We investigate the equations of state of matters with different u-d-s compositions. It is found that the baryon-quark transition is sensitive to the quark width.