π核双电荷交换反应

本文系统地评述了目前π核双电荷交换反应的实验及理论研究的状况,讨论了π核双电荷交换反应的可能机制,对于一些尚未澄清的问题作了分析.     

核内核子费米运动对π核双电荷交换反应的影响

本文考察了核内核子费米运动对π核双电荷交换(DCX)反应传统机制的影响,计算了¹⁴C核到同位旋相似态的双电荷交换(DIAs DCX)反应在0～300MeV能区的0°激发函数,在100～300MeV的能区内能够很好地符合实验值,而在50MeV附近,则比实验值小2～3倍.结果表明:仅用传统机制似乎不能完全解释DIAS DCX的低能反常行为,需要引入新的机制.     

π-核双电荷交换反应短程贡献的夸克模型计算

本文给出了从夸克层次计算π^－核双电荷交换反应短程贡献的理论模型.由此模型具体计算了¹⁸O(π⁺,π^－)¹⁸Ne(g.s.)在低能区的角分布曲线,并与实验数据进行了比较.结果表明,此模型能够较好地解释双电荷交换反应在低能区的"反常"增大行为.     

核内核子费米运动对π核双电荷交换反应的影响

本文考察了核内核子费米运动对π核双电荷交换(DCX)反应传统机制的影响,计算了~(14)C核到同位旋相似态的双电荷交换(DIAs DCX)反应在0～300MeV能区的0°激发函数,在100～300MeV的能区内能够很好地符合实验值,而在50 MeV附近,则比实验值小2～3倍。结果表明:仅用传统机制似乎不能完全解释DIAS DCX的低能反常行为,需要引入新的机制。     

π-核双电荷交换反应核谱因子和~(26)Mg(π~ ,π~-)~(26)Si反应

π-核双电荷交换反应的强度与反应过程的两核子转移的核谱振幅直接联系着。本文讨论了这类反应与它们的核谱因子的关系。并以~(26)Mg(π~ ,π~-)~(26)Si为例,用两种核结构讨论了它的激发函数和微分截面。我们所用的理论方法能够解释实验数据。     

π－核双电荷交换反应核谱因子和26Mg(π+, π－)26Si反应

π^－核双电荷交换反应的强度与反应过程的两核子转移的核谱振幅直接联系着. 本文讨论了这类反应与它们的核谱因子的关系. 并以²⁶Mg(π⁺, π^－)²⁶Si为例, 用两种核结构讨论了它的激发函数和微分截面. 我们所用的理论方法能够解释实验数据.     

π核双电荷交换反应的自旋效应和πN振幅离壳修正

本文研究了πN振幅自旋有关项和离壳修正对π核双电荷交换反应的影响,发现两者都使截面的计算值显著减少,改善了理论与实验的符合,自旋效应在低能区是重要的,在高能区是不重要的。     

双重子共振态的么正对称性

本文提出双重子共振态pp、pn、Λp、Σ^－p、ΛΛ和Ξ^－p等填充SU(3)群27维表示的可能性. 理论与实验符合得很好. 指出了可能存在的其它双重子共振态及其性质.     

复动量表象方法对奇特核中晕现象的研究

晕现象的研究使人们对核结构有了新的认识。连续谱,尤其是连续谱中的共振态在其中扮演着重要角色。复动量表象(CMR)方法不仅能够统一描述束缚态、共振态和连续谱,而且能够很好地描述窄共振和宽共振。本文介绍了CMR方法对原子核共振态的研究。给出了31Ne和19C等核的束缚态和共振态的单粒子能量随形变参数β₂的变化规律,分析了19C和31Ne中单中子晕形成的物理机制和在中子数N=20附近能级反转的原因,并预测了比37Mg重的核中的单中子晕现象,这一预测结果对在实验中寻找较重的晕核具有一定的参考价值。这些研究表明CMR 方法不仅适用于描述稳定核,也适用于描述具有弥散物质分布的奇特核。     

CS_2分子激发态的紫外多光子电离——双色激光单共振离化的功率密度关系

本文报道气相CS_2紫外双色激光单共振离化的功率密度关系和对高激发态(1~Ⅱg),共振离化特性的研究结果,实验指出通过中间共振态(1~Ⅱ_g)的双光子共振激发三光子离化具有比通过中间共振态((?)A_2)的单光子共振激发三光子离子为高的总离化率,在10~7W/cm~2的功率密度下,观察到饱和效应.实验显示了双色激光单共振离化功率密度关系的研究提供了一种新的光谱学分析方法.这对研究分子高激发态的结构是很重要的.     

Effects of nuclear structure in double charge exchange reactions on 16O and 40Ca

The energy dependence of forward double charge exchange (DCX) reaction is studied for the doubly closed shell nuclei ¹⁶O and ⁴⁰Ca. A common characteristic of the two DCX reactions is a resonance-like peak around 50 MeV pion lab energy. While some authors have interpreted this peak as the evidence of a dibaryon resonance state, we show that it arises naturally in a two-step process in the conventional pion—nucleon system with proper handling of nuclear structure. The effects of nuclear structure are demonstrated through a comparison among different nuclear structure models: the symmetry model SU(4) ? SU(3), the single particle shell model and the «realistic” shell model.     

A New Mechanism for Low Energy Pion Induced Double Charge Exchange Reaction

Using a method developed in theory of double beta decay[1], we propose a new mechanism, namely the two-nucleon pion absorption-emission mechanism for pion double charge exchange reaction at low energies. The calculations are compared with the experimental data of the angular distribution at 50 MeV and the 0° excitation functions of the DCX reactions on ¹⁴C, ¹⁸O with energies < 130 MeV. It is found that the contribution of this new mechanism is very important at low energies.     

反质子与核的电荷交换反应和非弹性散射

在扭曲波冲量近似下,讨论了反质子与核的电荷交换反应A(p,n)B和非弹性散射A(p,p′)*A.并具体地计算能量为E_p=179.7MeV和46.8MeV下¹²C(p,n)¹²B,¹⁸O(p,n)¹⁸N和¹⁸O(p,p′)¹⁸O的微分截面.用严格的分波法处理扭曲波.非弹性散射的微分截面能符合实验.同时预示了在这些能量下,反质子与核发生电荷交换反应可能出现的微分截面理论结果.     

The non-analog double charge exchange transition: 16O(π+, π−)16Ne(g.s.) and 12C(π+, π−)12O(g.s.)

Six possible successive two-delta excitation mechanisms for pion-induced non-analog double charge exchange transition on the targets ¹⁶O and ¹²C are suggested. In the framework of the model proposed here the angular distributions of 164 MeV for ¹²C and 120, 164 and 200 MeV for ¹⁶O have been evaluated and compared with the existing data. Our results are in good agreement with experimental data available, and strongly indicate that the non-analog transitions ¹⁶O(π⁺, π⁻)¹⁶N_e(g.s.) and ¹² C (π⁺, π⁻)¹²O_(g.s) proceed basically through the double delta isobar excitation on a nucleon, and the dominant process is the so-called successive Δ mechanism.     

Nuclear Fermi Motion Effect on Pion Double Charge Exchange

The influence of nuclear Fermi motion on the conventional mechanism of pion double charge exchange (DCX) is examined.Concrete calculations of the 0° excitation function over the energy region 0—300MeV are performed for the double isobaric analog DCX transition on ¹⁴C.The calculated results coincide very well with the experimental data for the energies above 100MeV,but are about a factor of 2—3 smaller than the experimental data around 50MeV.It indicates that the pure conventional mechanism seems incapable to fully explain the anomalous behavior of the low energy DCX,and some new mechanisms are needed.     

A Prediction of a New Dibaryon System (Ω-Ω-)Jπ=o+

The structure of a new dibaryon (ΩΩ)_o+ is studied and predicted in the framework of the chiral SU(3) quark model by solving a resonating group method equation. The binding energy of this dibaryon is around 100 MeV, the mean root square of the distance between two Ωs is 0.84 fm and the preliminary estimated mean lifetime is about two times longer than that of the free Ω. All these interesting properties and also the two negative charge units it carried could make it be easily identified experimentally in the heavy-ion collision process. The production probability of this new dibaryon in 158A GeV Pb+Pb collision is estimated using the thermal model, which is of the order of 10^-6 to 10^-5 per event; And it is expected, that with the increase of temperature, the production rate will also be increased.     

Measurement of the proton polarization in deuteron photodisintegration at photon energies between 350 and 700 MeV

The proton polarization in the γd → pn reaction has been measured at a c.m. angle of 90° and photon energies between 350 and 700 MeV, using a carbon polarimeter. The magnitude of the polarization shows a sharp energy dependence with a peak of about ?80% at around 500–550 MeV. This feature cannot be explained by conventional models and seems to indicate a new mechanism in the dibaryon system.     

Hydrogen depth profiling using18O ions

Nuclear resonant reaction analysis techniques for hydrogen depth profiling in solid materials typically have used¹⁵N ion beams at 6.40 MeV and¹⁹F ion beams at 6.42 MeV, which require a tandem accelerator. We report a new technique using an¹⁸O ion beam at a resonance energy of 2.70 MeV, which requires only a single stage accelerator. Improved values of the nuclear parameters for the 2.70 MeV (¹⁸O) and 6.40 MeV (¹⁵N) resonances are reported. The beam energy spread was investigated for different ions and ion charge states and found to scale with the charge state. Data obtained using atomic and molecular gas targets reveal the research potential of Doppler spectroscopy. Examples of hydrogen depth profiling in solid materials using¹⁵N and¹⁸O ion beams are presented.     

Production of (4)(double Lambda)H hypernuclei

An experiment demonstrating the production of double-Lambda hypernuclei in (K(-),K(+)) reactions on (9)Be was carried out at the D6 line in the BNL alternating-gradient synchrotron. The technique was the observation of pions produced in sequential mesonic weak decay, each pion associated with one unit of strangeness change. The results indicate the production of a significant number of the double hypernucleus (4)(double Lambda)H and the twin hypernuclei (4)(Lambda)H and (3)(Lambda)H. The relevant decay chains are discussed and a simple model of the production mechanism is presented. An implication of this experiment is that the existence of an S = -2 dibaryon more than a few MeV below the double Lambda mass is unlikely.