25MeV/u 40Ar+93Nb反应中热核的激发能和核温度

利用半导体望远镜探测器和PPAC对25MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+⁹³Nb反应中的带电粒子和余核进行了关联测量,对所得α粒子能谱用三源模型进行了拟合,并由余核飞行时间和粒子多重性得到热核激发能.通过对温度的修正,发现在本实验中有激发能E^*/A为4.3MeV,温度T_init为6.9MeV的热核形成.通过与其它实验结果的对比可以看出核物质在轻系统和重系统中行为的差异.     

25MeV/u 40Ar+natAg、209Bi反应中热核的温度和激发能测量

在25MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+^natAg、²⁰⁹Bi反应中,用4个PPAC和11组望远镜完成了关联裂变碎片与发射轻粒子的符合测量,角关联描绘为两个被探测到碎片折叠角θ_ff的函数,线性动量转移〈LMT〉由测量到的角关联推出.将符合测量得到的对应于不同窗的后角轻带电粒子能谱用Maxwell分布来拟合其谱的后沿,经过一些修正,由能谱得到热核的初始温度T_int,在考虑反应Q值和预平衡发射的修正之后,可以得到不同窗所对应的激发能.实验结果表明,在⁴⁰Ar+^natAg、²⁰⁹Bi反应的中心碰撞中激发能分别为4.2、2.4MeV/u,而温度达6.1、5.5MeV,在半中心碰撞中激发能为3.5、1.9MeV/u,温度可达5.8、4.8MeV.     

中能12C+197Au产物中Ir的同位素分布观测

以¹²C(47MeV/u)+¹⁹⁷Au靶,通过化学分离及γ谱学方法获得了Ir和Pt同位素产额. 用测到的Pt累积产额对相应Ir同位素做了照射期内母体衰变修正,从而获得了很好的Ir同位素分布. 讨论了A>170丰中子核产生截面、截面的Q_gg系统性和剩余激发能的问题.     

25MeV/u 40)Ar+209Bi裂变反应研究

实验对25MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+²⁰⁹Bi体系的裂变反应,利用线性动量转移的分窗选择不同的激发能,研究裂变动能分布和质量分布与热核初始激发能的关系.实验证实激发能小于380MeV时裂变总动能分布与低激发能复合核相似.激发能大于380MeV时,最可几动能呈现出随激发增加而增加,并出现高能非对称性,而且质量分布宽度随激发能增加而迅速增大.     

25MeV/u 40Ar+209Bi裂变反应的断点激发能和裂变时标测量

对25MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+²⁰⁹Bi非完全熔合反应中形成的热核,测量了与裂变碎片相符合的α粒子能谱,用运动源模型分解α粒子能谱得到了裂变断前和断后发射α粒子多重性.由断后碎片发射α粒子多重性得到断点激发能约为172.5MeV.由断前α粒子多重性得到激发能在470—600MeV范围内的热核的裂变时标约为4×10^－21S.     

35MeV/u 40Ar+197Au反应中热核的统计发射研究

利用硅半导体+CsI(T1)闪烁体望远镜测量35MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+¹⁹⁷Au中发射的轻带电粒子,用能谱斜率方法和双同位素产额比方法提取了核温度参量.研究了热核发射过程中的统计发射规律.     

20Na的β+延发α粒子测量

利用兰州放射性次级束流线提供的²⁰Na束流,通过²⁰Naβ^{+ 20}Ne→¹⁶O+α过程,测量了²⁰Na的衰变半衰期T_1/2及衰变α粒子能谱.结果表明,除了E_d≥2.688MeV的9条较高激发能级的衰变α粒子外,实验中还观察到衰变能量E_d为0.890和1.054MeV,1.991MeV,2.424和2.457MeV的²⁰Ne低激发能级的3条α谱线.     

35MeV/u 40Ar+197Au反应中热核的碎裂密度

许多提取核反应过程中熵产生的方法只适用于高能核反应过程,而约化d的产额方法可以用于较低能量的重离子核反应中.对于35MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+¹⁹⁷Au的核反应过程,利用这种方法所得的熵和约化带电粒子多重性提取的熵结果一致.对于后角热核发射体系,实验提取的核温度为(4.7±1.2)MeV,熵为S/A=2.5±0.5,根据实验提取的熵和核温度可以确定其碎裂密度小于0.1ρ₀.     

35MeV/u 40Ar+197Au反应中复合核的激发能与温度

利用大面积位置灵敏气体探测器对35MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+¹⁹⁷Au反应中形成的裂片进行了符合测量,由此得到了裂变复合核的速度分布.在大质量转移假设下扣除前平衡发射粒子的影响,得到复合核的激发能.另外利用望远镜探测器对反应中出射的轻带电粒子也进行了符合测量,并由后角α,p,d,t的能谱提取了复合核的温度.温度与激发能的关系没有表现出理论预言的相变特征.     

135MeV/u 12C和铁相互作用中靶余核的质量分布

用核化学技术测定了135MeV/u ¹²C和铁相互作用中的靶余核的生成截面,通过高斯电荷分布函数得到了靶余核的质量分布.与46MeV/u ¹²C+Cu相比,发现A<30质量区的产额明显增加,且产物有偏向丰中子一侧的趋势.实验测定的质量分布与熔合碎裂模型和级联两体模型的计算结果进行了比较,结果似乎表明在很高入射能情况下多重碎裂衰变是A<30靶余核生成的主要反应机制.     

Radionuclides in deposition in the Ignalina NPP region in 2005

Results of radionuclide activity concentration measurements in deposition and ground-level air conducted at the station of the Institute of Physics situated 3.5 km from the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (Ignalina NPP) in 2005 are analyzed. Atmospheric depositional fluxes of ⁷Be, ⁶⁰Co and ¹³⁷Cs are estimated. Radionuclide particle deposition rates are calculated. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model of the global dispersion and deposition is used to explain variations in the ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration in the ground-level air in the Ignalina NPP region in 2005. An increase in the ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration of up to 17.4 μBq m⁻³ on 30 October-5 November is studied. Modelling results show that the Chernobyl NPP Unit 4 Sarcophagus and the radiocaesium resuspension from the Chernobyl NPP accident polluted regions are sources of ¹³⁷Cs to the environment of the Ignalina NPP. Results on solubility in water of aerosols — carriers of ¹³⁷Cs — are discussed.     

Universal scaling in BCS superconductivity in three dimensions in non-s waves

The solutions of a renormalized BCS equation are studied in three space dimensions in s, p and d waves for finite-range separable potentials in the weak to medium coupling region. In the weak-coupling limit, the present BCS model yields a small coherence length and a large critical temperature, , appropriate for some high- materials. The BCS gap, , and specific heat as a function of zero-temperature condensation energy are found to exhibit potential-independent universal scalings. The entropy, specific heat, spin susceptibility and penetration depth as a function of temperature exhibit universal scaling below in p and d waves. Received: 18 July 1997 / Revised: 8 September 1997 / Accepted: 29 September 1997     

Thermal convection in Rivlin-Ericksen elastico-viscous fluid in porous medium in hydromagnetics

The thermal instability of a layer of Rivlin-Ericksen elastico-viscous fluid in porous medium acted on by a uniform magnetic field is considered. For stationary convection, Rivlin-Ericksen elastico-viscous fluid behaves like a Newtonian fluid. The magnetic field is found to have stabilizing effect whereas medium permeability has destabilizing effect. The magnetic field introduces oscillatory modes in the system, A sufficient condition for the non-existence of overstability is also obtained.     

Fano-type features in magnetoabsorption in semiconductors

It is shown that bulk semiconductors exhibit strongly asymmetric Fano-type resonance profiles in magnetoabsorption processes involving the formation of hot electron-hole pairs (EHPs) and accompanied by the scattering of the EHPs by defects. This result is valid for transitions to electronic states with large Landau quantum numbers, when the Coulomb interaction plays a small role. The physical reason for such a sharp change in the magnetoabsorption coefficient as compared with the expected result for the ordinary density of states in a quantizing magnetic field is that the electronic excitations are quasi-one-dimensional. The form of the resonance absorption is in good qualitative agreement with the experimental data. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 63, No. 8, 619–622 (25 April 1996)     

Uncertainty in prediction and in inference

The concepts of uncertainty in prediction and inference are introduced and illustrated using the diffraction of light as an example. The close relationship between the concepts of uncertainty in inference and resolving power is noted. A general quantitative measure of uncertainty in inference can be obtained by means of the so-called statistical distance between probability distributions. When applied to quantum mechanics, this distance leads to a measure of the distinguishability of quantum states, which essentially is the absolute value of the matrix element between the states. The importance of this result to the quantum mechanical uncertainty principle is noted. The second part of the paper provides a derivation of the statistical distance on the basis of the so-called method of support.     

Supergravity in theory in 11 dimensions

We present the action and transformation laws of supergravity in 11 dimensions which is expected to be closely related to the O(8) theory in 4 dimensions after dimensional reduction.