缺中子130Pm和128Pr核的EC/β+衰变研究

171MeV³⁶Ar束轰击⁹⁶Ru靶由熔合蒸发反应生成了¹³⁰Pm和¹²⁸Pr核.由氦喷嘴快速带传输系统将反应产物送到低本底区.基于X-γ-t,γ-γ-t符合测量,首次建立了¹³⁰Pm的(EC+β⁺)衰变纲图.重新研究了¹²⁸Pr核的衰变,订正和补充了γ射线,建立了新的(EC+β⁺)衰变纲图.     

缺中子120Ba核EC/β+衰变的再研究

利用171MeV ³²S束轰击⁹²Mo靶,熔合蒸发(2n2p)反应合成了¹²⁰Ba核.由氦喷嘴反冲快速带传输系统将反应产物送到低本底区.位于带子两侧的两个平面型高纯锗探测器对反应产物进行了符合测量.经离线数据分析,对早先发表的¹²⁰Ba衰变γ射线予以确认,并补充了19条强度较弱、能量较低的γ射线.建议了¹²⁰Ba的衰变纲图共包括35条γ射线和25条能级.     

缺中子176Ir核β+/EC衰变研究

在210MeV的束流能量下, 利用重离子熔合蒸发反应¹⁴⁶Nd(³⁵Cl, 5nγ)¹⁷⁶Ir产生具有β⁺/EC衰变性质的核素¹⁷⁶Ir,由氦喷嘴快速带传输系统将反应产物传送到低本底区进行测量. 经过实验数据的离线处理分析,对早先发表的¹⁷⁶Ir衰变γ跃迁进行确认的同时又发现了3个新能级和10条新的γ射线, 丰富了¹⁷⁶Os核的低位激发态能级纲图. 并根据典型γ射线的衰变时间谱建议了¹⁷⁶Ir核的一个长寿命的低自旋同核异能态.     

Ir β+/EC衰变及其系统性分析

在在束实验条件下用γ-γ符合方法研究了具有β⁺/EC衰变性质的核素^176,178Ir的衰变γ射线. 另外借助氦喷嘴快速带传输系统在排除在束干扰的条件下, 进一步对¹⁷⁶Ir的β⁺/EC衰变进行了研究, 在确认在束测量新γ射线的同时建议了¹⁷⁶Ir的一个低自旋同核异能态. 从衰变系统性方面对^176,178Ir核中存在同核异能态的合理性和可能性进行了分析.     

83Rb的低激发态能级结构

用γ射线单谱测量和γ–γ–t符合测量研究了⁸³Sr(β⁺+EC)⁸³Rb衰变,将⁸³Sr衰变的γ跃迁由102条扩展到196条,发现了⁸³Rb的19条新能级,否定了前人测得的8条能级.测定了⁸³Sr(β+EC)衰变的分支比,重新确定了⁸³Rb各能级的自旋和宇称值.     

175Hf核ε衰变的IXK/Iγ(343keV)比值计算和分析及其辐射数据计算

简要地介绍了¹⁷⁵Hf核ε衰变的I_XK/I_γ(343keV)比值的计算方法与实验测量的比较与分析,并在此基础上,计算得到了P_γ(343keV)=0.869±0.004,还给出了¹⁷⁵Hf核ε衰变的辐射数据的计算与推荐     

首次测定短寿命缺中子同位素153Er和157Yb的EC/β+衰变纲图

利用¹⁶O重离子束轰击¹⁴²Nd和¹⁴⁷Sm同位素靶分别生成¹⁵³Er和¹⁵⁷Yb.借助氦喷嘴带传输系统和X-γ、γ-γ符合测量方法分离鉴别核素并测量其衰变性质.首次建立了¹⁵³Er和¹⁵⁷Yb的EC/β⁺衰变纲图.从中指认出¹⁵³Ho的一个新三(准)粒子态和两个新单粒子态,指认出¹⁵⁷Tm的一个新的同质异能态和一条新转动带.低位能级系统分析表明:在Ho和Tm这两条奇A核的同位素链中基态形状的转变区都在中子数86和88之间.     

贫化铀/聚乙烯球壳交替系统中铀-238中子俘获率的测量与分析

为校验次临界能源堆的概念设计,建立了贫化铀/聚乙烯球壳交替系统, 采用活化法测量²³⁸U的中子俘获率. 贫化铀片置于系统内与入射D离子束成90^o的方向上活化 ,用HPGe探测器测量²³⁸U俘获中子衰变产生的²³⁹Np 衰变产生的277.6 keV特征γ射线计数,实验修正了贫铀片对277.6 keV γ射线的自吸收, 得到了交替系统中²³⁸U (n, γ)反应率的径向分布,反应率的相对不确定度为3.5%-3.7%, 并计算得到系统上整个贫铀区中²³⁸U的总中子俘获率为2.24 ± 0.09. 用MCNP5程序在常用ENDF库下进行了模拟计算, ²³⁸U (n, γ)反应率分布计算与实验一般在5%以内符合, 总俘获率在1%以内符合.     

208Hg鉴别

本文较详细地描述了新丰中子核素²⁰⁸Hg的鉴别及半衰期测定程序.²⁰⁸Hg的鉴别采用了二步离线化学分离:第一步是基于热色谱原理的高效、高选择性的Hg产物收集,第二步是周期性地提取生长起来的T1.在提取的T1样品中观察到半衰期约3min的2614.6keVγ活性.该γ活性可归结为由²⁰⁸Hg β^－衰变而生长起来的²⁰⁸T1的衰变γ.     

进一步指认近质子滴线核129Pm的衰变

2004年曾报道过利用⁴⁰Ca＋⁹²Mo融合蒸发反应产生了近质子滴线新核素Pm,并首次观测到它(EC+b+)衰变产生的能量为99keV的γ射线. 为了进一步确认上述指认，以下提供了三方面的新证据：1)在164－190MeV能量范围内测量了99keV衰变γ射线的激发函数;2)进行了交叉反应 ³⁶Ar＋⁹⁶Ru的实验,观察到了相同的99keV衰变γ射线；3)用Woods-Saxon Strutinsky方法计算了¹²⁹Pm的核势能面，其基态自旋宇称被预言为5/2^－，所以¹²⁹Pm的(EC＋b＋)衰变有利于馈送到子核¹²⁹Nd的5/2_－的低位态，这也与前期报道相符.     

Neutron and proton shell closure in the superheavy region via cluster radioactivity in <Superscript>280–314</Superscript>116 isotopes

Based on the concept of cold valley in fission and fusion, the radioactive decay of superheavy^280–314116 nuclei was studied taking Coulomb and proximity potentials as the interacting barrier. It is found that the inclusion of proximity potential does not change the position of minima but minima become deeper which agrees with the earlier findings of Gupta and co-workers. In addition to alpha particle minima, the other deepest minima occur for ⁸Be, ^12,14C clusters. In the fission region two deep regions are found each consisting of several comparable minima, the first region centred on ²⁰⁸Pb and the second is around ¹³²Sn. The cluster decay half-lives and other characteristics are computed for various clusters ranging from alpha particle to ⁷⁰Ni. The computed half-lives for alpha decay match with the experimental values and with the values calculated using Viola-Seaborg-Sobiczewski (VSS) systematic. The plots connecting computed Q values and half-lives against neutron number of daughter nuclei were studied for different clusters and it is found that the next neutron shell closures occur at N = 162, 172 and 184. Isotopic and isobaric mass parabolas are studied for various cluster emissions and minima of parabola indicate neutron shell closure at N = 162, 184 and proton shell closure at Z = 114. Our study shows that ₁₆₂²⁷⁶114 is the deformed doubly magic and ₁₈₄²⁹⁸114 is the spherical doubly magic nuclei.      

Cluster radioactivity in xenon isotopes

Half-life time and branching ratio for cluster decay from various xenon isotopes are studied taking Coulomb and proximity potentials as interacting barrier. Inclusion of proximity potential reduces the height of potential barrier, which closely agrees with the experiments. It is found that⁴He,⁸Be,¹²C and¹⁶O emissions are well within the present upper limit for measurements (T _1/2 10³⁰ s). Our predicted half-life time values lie close to those values reported by Gupta and collaborators based on preformed cluster model (PCM) and also with those values reported by Poenaruet al based on ASAFM. The calculated half-life time shows that⁸Be from¹⁰⁸Xe and¹¹⁰Xe are most favourable for emission (T _1/2 ≈ 10⁸ s). LowestT ^1/2 value for⁸Be emission from¹⁰⁸Xe stress the role of doubly magic¹⁰⁰Sn daughter in cluster decay process. The logarithm of half-life time calculated for⁴He emission from¹¹⁰Xe is −0.39 s which is in good agreement with experimental value which is −0.40 s. Geiger-Nuttall plots for all clusters are studied and are found to be linear. Nuclear structure effect and shell effect are evident from the observed variation in slope and intercept of Geiger—Nuttall plots. It is found that neutron excess in the parent will slow down the cluster decay process.     

Cold valleys in the radioactive decay of <Superscript>248–254</Superscript>Cf isotopes

Based on the concept of cold valley in cold fission and fusion, we have investigated the cluster decay process in ^248–254Cf isotopes. In addition to alpha particle minima, other deep minima occur for S, Ar and Ca clusters. It is found that inclusion of proximity potential does not change the position of minima but minima become deeper. Taking Coulomb and proximity potential as interacting barrier for post-scission region, we computed half-lives and other characteristics for various clusters from these parents. Our study reveals that these parents are stable against light clusters and unstable against heavy clusters. Computed half-lives for alpha decay agree with experimental values within two orders of magnitude. The most probable clusters from these parents are predicted to be ⁴⁶Ar, ^48,50Ca which indicate the role of doubly or near doubly magic clusters in cluster radioactivity. Odd A clusters are found to be favorable for emission from odd A parents. Cluster decay model is extended to symmetric region and it is found that symmetric fission is also probable which stresses the role of doubly or near doubly magic ¹³²Sn nuclei. Geiger-Nuttal plots were studied for various clusters and are found to be linear with varying slopes and intercepts.      

Cluster emission in superdeformed Sr isotopes in the ground state and formed in heavy-ion reaction

Cluster decay of superdeformed^{76, 78, 80}Sr isotopes in their ground state are studied taking the Coulomb and proximity potential as the interacting barrier for the post-scission region. The predictedT _1/2 values are found to be in close agreement with those values reported by the preformed cluster model (PCM). Our calculation shows that these nuclei are stable against both light and heavy cluster emissions. We studied the decay of these nuclei produced as an excited compound system in heavy-ion reaction. It is found that inclusion of excitation energy increases the decay rate (decreasesT _1/2 value) considerably and these nuclei become unstable against decay. These findings support earlier observation of Guptaet al based on PCM.     

Properties of<Emphasis Type="Italic">B</Emphasis><Subscript>c</Subscript> meson

The mass spectrum ofcb meson is investigated with an effective quark-antiquark potential of the form -α_c/r +Ar ^νwith ν varying from 0.5 to 2.0. TheS andP-wave masses, pseudoscalar decay constant, weak decay partial widths in spectator model and the lifetime ofB _cmeson are computed. The properties calculated here are found to be in good agreement with other theoretical and experimental values at potential index,ν = 1     

A possible signature of new physics at BES-Ⅲ

The recent observations of the purely leptonic decay Ds+→μ+νμ and τ+ντ at CLEO-c and B factory may allow a possible contribution from a charged Higgs bosom One such measurement of the decay constant fDs differs from the most precise unquenched lattice QCD calculation by a level of 4σ.Meanwhile,the measured ratio,BR(D+s+→μ.+νμ)/BR(D+→μ+νμ),is larger than the standard model prediction at a 2.0σ level.We discuss that the precise measurement of the ratio BR(Ds+→μ+νμ)/BR(D+μ+νμ) at BES-Ⅲ will shed light on the presence of new intermediate particles by comparing the data with the theoretical predictions,especially,the predictions of high precise unquenched lattice QCD calculations.     

A search for the decay μ → e γ

We report on the final analysis of a search for the decay μ⁺→e⁺γ performed at SIN. No evidence for the existence of the process has been found. An upper limit for the branching ratio of 1.0 × 10^?9 (90% confidence) is presented. The measured positron-photon energy distributions are completely described by the decay $\text{μ}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{→}\text{e}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{ν}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>e</mtext>}}\text{ν}{}_{\mathrm{\mu }}\text{γ}$ and accidental coincidences.     

Cs Ⅳ离子4d内壳层激发态衰变过程的相对论理论研究

在相对论多组态Dirac-Fock理论方法基础上,通过系统考 虑电子关联效应和由于内壳层电子激发而导致的电子自旋-轨道波函数的弛豫效应,详细研究了Cs Ⅳ离子的4d内壳层电子激发组态4d95s25p5、辐射末态4d105s25p4及Auger末态4d105s25p3和4d105s15p4的能级结构及各种可能的辐射和Auger衰变过程.获得了与已有的实验结果和相关的半经 验准相对论组态相互作用计算结果相符的辐射跃迁能、振子强度以及线宽,预言了4d95s25p5态的以Auger衰变为主的 Auger电子谱的特 关键词： 内壳层激发态 辐射衰变 Auger衰变     

Exotic decay in Ba isotopes via 12C emission

Considering Coulomb and proximity potentials as barriers, we have calculated the half lives for ¹²C emission from various Ba isotopes using different mass tables. The half life for ¹¹²Ba isotope calculated by us is 6.020×10³ s which is comparable with the experimental value 5.620×10³ s. From our study it is found that ¹¹⁴Ba is the good parent for ¹²C emission whose emission rate is favorable for measurement. The half lives predicted by us lie very close to those reported by Shanmugam et al using their cubic plus Yukawa plus exponential model. It is observed that inclusion of proximity potential does not produce significant deviation from the linear nature of the Geiger-Nuttall plots. Also it is found that the neutron excess in the parent nuclei slows down the exotic decay process.     

A possible signature of new physics at BES-Ⅲ

The recent observations of the purely leptonic decay Ds＋→μ＋νμ and τ＋ντ at CLEO-c and B factory may allow a possible contribution from a charged Higgs boson. One such measurement of the decay constant fD. differs from the most precise unquenched lattice QCD calculation by a level of 4 σ. Meanwhile, the measured ratio, BR（Ds＋→μ＋νμ）/BR（D＋→μ＋νμ）, is larger than the standard model prediction at a 2.0σ level. We discuss that the precise measurement of the ratio BR（Ds＋→μ＋νμ）/BR（D＋→μ＋νμ） at BES-Ⅲ will shed light on the presence of new intermediate particles by comparing the data with the theoretical predictions, especially, the predictions of high precise unquenched lattice QCD calculations.