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1.
Bismuth(II) Chalcogenometallates(III) Bi2M4X8, Compounds with Bi24+ Dumbbells (M = Al, Ga and X = S, Se) The ternary bismuth(II) chalcogenometallates(III) Bi2M4X8 (with M = Al, Ga and X = S, Se) were synthesized from the binary chalcogenides M2X3 and Bi2X3 and elementary bismuth. All compounds are diamagnetic semiconductors with Eg (opt.) = 1.8–2.7 eV. The phases (except Bi2Al4Se8) are thermodynamically stable and decompose peritectically above 965–1020 K. Bi2Al4Se8 is metastable below 825 K and is obtained only by rapid quenching from T > 825 K. The isotypic compounds crystallize in a new tetragonal tP28 structure type (P4/nnc). The characteristic unit is the hitherto unknown clustercation Bi24+, with the mean bond length d(Bi–Bi) = 314.2 pm, the Raman frequency 102 cm–1 ≤ νs ≤ 108 cm–1, and the mean force constant of f = 0.68 N · cm–1. The Electron Localization Function, ELF, shows the covalent Bi–Bi bond, the lone electron pairs of the ψ-octahedrally coordinated Bi(II) cations, and the polar character of the Bi–X bonds.  相似文献   

2.
A new transition‐metal‐containing Zintl phase, Eu10Cd6Bi12, was synthesized by combining the elements in excess molten Cd. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies indicated that this compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Cmmm (No. 65) with a=7.840(2), b=24.060(7), and c=4.7809(14) Å. The crystal structure of Eu10Cd6Bi12 can be viewed as a stacking of a series of [Cd6Bi12] double layers, which are arranged alternately along the b axial direction. The layers are composed of corner‐ and edge‐shared CdBi4 tetrahedra, a common feature in the crystal chemistry of many transition‐metal Zintl phases. Electronic‐band‐structure calculations confirm the closed‐shell configuration of all constituent elements and corroborate the electron count inferred by the Zintl formalism, that is, [Eu2+]10[Cd2+]6[Bi3?]8[Bi2?]4. Magnetic‐susceptibility measurements confirm the divalency of europium and show the existence of a long‐range antiferromagnetic order of the Eu spins below 12.3 K.  相似文献   

3.
KBa4Bi3O crystallizes in the centrosymmetric tetragonal space group I4/mcm. In this compound, bismuth is present as two anionic species, i.e. Bi24? dumbbells [Bi—Bi 3.113 (3) Å] and isolated Bi3?. Atom Bi1 (Bi3?) lies inside a bicapped square antiprism (2 × K and 8 × Ba). Atom Bi2, which forms the Bi24? dumbbell, sits inside a bicapped distorted trigonal prism (2 × K and 6 × Ba). O atoms occupy tetra­hedral voids between Ba atoms.  相似文献   

4.
Bi37InBr48: a Polar Subhalide with Bi95+ Polycations, Complex Bromobismuthate(III) Anions [Bi3Br13]4— and [Bi7Br30]9—, and Pentabromoindate(III) Anions [InBr5]2— Black crystals of Bi37InBr48 were synthesized from bismuth, indium and BiBr3 by cooling stoichiometric melts from 570 K to 470 K. X‐ray diffraction on powders and single‐crystals revealed that the compound crystallizes with space group P 63 (a = 2262.6(4); c = 1305.6(2) pm). The Bi95+ polycations in the polar crystal structure have the shape of heavily distorted tri‐capped trigonal prisms with approximate Cs symmetry. The high complexity of the structure results from three coexisting types of anionic groups: Three edge‐sharing [BiBr6] octahedra constitute the trigonal bromobismuthate(III) anion [Bi3Br13]4—. Four [BiBr6] and three [BiBr5] polyhedra share common vertices to form the [Bi7Br30]9— hemi‐sphere, in which the trigonal bipyramid of the pentabromoindat(III) ion [InBr5]2— is embedded.  相似文献   

5.
Black and irregularly shaped crystals of the bismuth-rich bromide Bi5Br4 were obtained as a by-product of the reaction of CsBr, Bi, and BiBr3. X-ray diffraction on a single-crystal revealed its orthorhombic structure with the space group Pmmn (no. 59) and lattice parameters a = 1800.0(2) pm, b = 1476.1(1) pm, and c = 924.5(2) pm at 296 K. The structure is composed of Bi82+ and Bi95+ polycations and bromidobismuthate(III) anions according to the structured formula Bi5Br4 = Bi20Br16 = Bi82+Bi95+[BiBr5]2–[Bi2Br11]5–. Bi5Br4 is the bismuth-richest among the bismuth subhalides containing isolated polycations. Extensive differential scanning calorimetry studies indicate that Bi5Br4 decomposes at 262 °C, i.e. one degree below the bismuth-rich eutectic at 263 °C. All attempts towards a rational synthesis yielded predominantly the neighboring phases BiBr and Bi6Br7.  相似文献   

6.
The cyclic voltammetry of bismuth in aqueous media and electrochemical stripping determination of bismuth in aqueous and nonaqueous media after its extraction using a rotating disc electrode of glassy carbon was studied. To raise the conductivity of the organic medium and for the preparation of a convenients medium for the determination of bismuth, an alcoholic (methanol) solution of NH4SCN+HClO4 was employed. In non-aqueous medium bismuth can be determined down to concentrations 10?8M by anodic stripping voltammetry and to 5×10?8M by anodic stripping chronopotentiometry. The selectivity of the determination of bismuth after its extraction was studied. Electrochemical determination of 10?6M Bi3+ with error ±3–4% was not interfered with by these elements: Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, As3+ in the concentration 8×10?3M, Fe3+, In3+, Sn2+ and Sn4+ (5× 10?3M), Cu2+ (10?3M), Sb3+ (1.5×10?4M) and Hg2+ (2×10?5M). The reproducibility of the electrochemical determination of bismuth according to the recommended procedure is very good.  相似文献   

7.
The investigated bismuth vanadate, BiVO4, bismuth vanadomolybdate, Bi0.85V0.55Mo0.45O4, and pure bismuth molybdate, Bi2Mo3O12, oxides prepared by novel spray drying technique having the scheelite structure were found to be monoclinic in the case of BiVO4 and Bi2Mo3O12, whereas Bi0.85V0.55Mo0.45O4 is body-centered tetragonal. The distribution of intergranular porosity across polycrystalline samples is inhomogeneous, being larger parallel to the flat compression of the powder samples. The high polarizability of Bi3+ cations with their lone-pair electrons influences stability of the disordered oxygen sublattice. All as-prepared systems undergo a slight structural change of the oxygen arrangement during the sample heating in the temperature region of 340–390°C, probably due to an order ⇆ disorder transition, resulting in a decrease of lattice oxygen ion mobility and decrease of electrical conductivity. The total bulk electrical conductivity of both vanadate systems is essentially ionic at low temperatures and high oxygen partial pressures. Diffusion of the lattice oxygen ions in the Bi1−x/3V1−x Mo x O4 scheelite structure is indirectly related to the introduction of cation vacancies. The highest conductivity was observed in the multicomponent oxide Bi0.85V0.55Mo0.45O4, both as-prepared and thermally treated. Above 350°C the conductivity of BiVO4 and partially also Bi0.85V0.55Mo0.45O4 oxides is affected by the n-type electron contribution. Published in Russian in Elektrokhimiya, 2009, Vol. 45, No. 6, pp. 659–667. The article is published in the original. Published by report at IX Conference “Fundamental Problems of Solid State Ionics”, Chernogolovka, 2008.  相似文献   

8.
Ag3Bi14Br21: a Subbromide with Bi24+ Dumbbells and Bi95+ Polyhedra – Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Chemical Bonding Black crystals of Ag3Bi14Br21 = (Bi95+)[Ag3Bi3Br153?](Bi2Br62?), the first argentiferous bismuth subhalide, were obtained from a stoichiometric melt of Ag, Bi, and BiBr3. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/m with lattice parameters a = 1277.78(5) pm, b = 1466.87(6) pm, c = 1342.62(5) pm, and β = 108.47(1)° at 110(5) K. In contrast to all other bismuth subhalides that contain an electron‐rich transition metal, the silver atoms are not bonded to bismuth atoms. Instead they are integrated into the anionic bromometallate network, which consists of [MBr6]‐octahedra (M = Ag, Bi) that share edges and vertices. These corrugated sheets alternate with tessellated layers formed by Bi95+ polycations and hitherto unknown (BiII2Br6)2? groups. The latter anions contain Bi24+ dumbbells (299 pm) and can be represented by the structured formula [Br2BiII(μ–Br)2BiIIBr2]2?. The multi‐center bonding within the Bi95+ cluster and the bent single‐bond in the Bi2 dumbbell can be visualized using the electron localization indicator (ELI‐D).  相似文献   

9.
Bi53+ Polycations in Ordered and Plastic Crystals of Bi5[AlI4]3 and Bi5[AlBr4]3 Dark‐red air‐sensitive crystals of pentabismuth‐tris(tetrabromoaluminate) Bi5[AlBr4]3 and black crystals of Bi5[AlI4]3 have been crystallized from melts of Bi, BiX3 and AlX3 (X = Br, I). X‐ray diffraction on a single crystal of Bi5[AlI4]3 (T = 293(2) K; space group Pnma; a = 2143.6(3) pm, b = 1889.1(1) pm, c = 811.74(5) pm) revealed an ordered packing of Bi53+ trigonal bipyramids and [AlI4]? tetrahedra that corresponds to the PuBr3 structure type. Contrary to the so far known Bi53+ polycations with accurate D3h symmetry, the bismuth cluster found in Bi5[AlI4]3 holds only Cs symmetry. The room temperature structure of the tetrabromoaluminate Bi5[AlBr4]3, which is related to the AuCu3 type, shows a dynamic disorder of the Bi53+ polycations (T = 293(2) K; space group ; a = 1766.2(3) pm). Slight cooling induces the transition into an ordered rhombohedral phase isostructural to Bi5[AlCl4]3 (T = 260(2) K; space group a = 1241.5(8) pm, c = 3041(2) pm).  相似文献   

10.
Following previous reviews of research results on oxygen ion-conducting materials obtained in the former USSR, this article addresses the case of Bi2O3-based compositions. Phase formation in oxide systems with Bi2O3, thermal expansion, stability, bulk transport properties and oxygen exchange of bismuth oxide solid electrolytes are briefly discussed. Primary attention is focused on oxides with high ionic and mixed conductivity, including stabilized fluorite-type (δ) and sillenite (γ) phases of Bi2O3, γ-Bi4V2O11 and other compounds of the aurivillius series. Another major point being addressed is on the applicability of these materials in high-temperature electrochemical cells, which is limited by numerous specific disadvantages of Bi2O3-based ceramics. The electrochemical properties of various electrode systems with bismuth oxide electrolytes are also briefly analyzed. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

11.
In the Bi2O3-SiO2-V25++O5 system, single crystal solid solutions of the sillenite family of the general composition Bi24(Bi,Si,V)2O40 are obtained by a hydrothermal method and for the first time characterized by neutron and X-ray diffraction analysis. The tetrahedral position is found to contain vanadium ions with different formal charges (V4+ and V5+) responsible for green and orange colors, respectively, of the samples. For the first time, for some sillenites of this system dissymmetrization of the structure (a transition from the I23 space group into P23) is revealed, which is caused by the presence of several atoms in one crystallographic position and also by crystal growth conditions.  相似文献   

12.
The stability constants of the bismuth(III), indium(III), lead(II), and cadmium,(II) monocomplexes with selenourea (seu) and thiourea (tu) were determined spectrophotometrically at the ionic strength 1 (0.5 mol/L HClO4 + NaClO4) or 2 (1 mol/L HClO4 + NaClO4) and 276 and 298 K. For all metals, the stability constants (β1) of the complexes with seu were higher than those of the complexes with tu and changed in the series Bi3+ > Cd2+ ≈ In3+ > Pb2+. A correlation between logβ1(S) and logβ1(Se) was established.  相似文献   

13.
The present work is dedicated to the XRD, ED and HREM characterization of a new bismuth copper oxyphosphate Bi∼6.2Cu∼6.2O8(PO4)5 (a=11.599(2)Å, , c=37.541(5)Å, R1=0.0755, Rw2=0.174, G.S Pn21a). The relatively long size of its c parameter is due to the arrangement along this direction of two kinds of ribbon-like polycations formed by edge sharing O(Bi, Cu)4 tetrahedra. The existence of such cations is characterized by the b∼5.2 Å value intrinsic to the ribbons structure and commonly found in bismuth oxyphosphate materials. In the title compound, 2-tetrahedra wide [Bi∼2.4Cu∼3.6O4]6.4+ and 3-tetrahedra wide [Bi∼5Cu∼3O6]9+ ribbons are isolated by phosphate groups and alternate along c. The interstitial site created between two different sizes ribbons is occupied by Cu2+ cations disordered over several close crystallographic sites. The mixed Bi3+/Cu2+ nature of certain edge-of-ribbons positions induces a disorder over several configurations of the phosphate groups. The concerned oxygen atoms form the environment of the disordered interstitial Cu2+ cations which occupy tunnels formed by the phosphate anions. The high-resolution electron microscope study enables a precise correlation between the observed images and the refined crystal structure, evidencing the polycations visualization. Furthermore, this material being the second example of partially disordered compound similar chemical system, some topological rules can be deduced. The b-axis doubling was observed by ED and HREM and is assigned to the ordering of interstitial Cu2+ within tunnels cations. A partial intra-tunnel ordering was also observed.  相似文献   

14.
X-ray photoelectron spectra of valence bands and core levels of BaPb0.8Bi0.2O3, PbO, PbO2, BaPbO3, BaBiO3, NaBiO3, and Bi2O3 were studied. Comparison of the electron binding energies of the Pb 4f7/2 or Bi 4f7/2 core levels for all the oxides studied showed that the high-temperature oxide superconductor BaPb0.8Bi0.2O3 contains simultaneously two different valence forms of lead atoms (PbIV and PbII) and two different valence forms of bismuth atoms (BiV and BiIII). Parameters of the X-ray photoelectron spectra of the valence bands do not contradict the conclusion on heterovalent states of lead and bismuth atoms in BaPb0.8Bi0.2O3.  相似文献   

15.
Selenium Polycations Stabilized by Polymeric Chlorobismuthate Anions: Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Se4[Bi4Cl14] and Se10[Bi5Cl17] Reactions of selenium with selenium(IV) chloride and bismuth(III) chloride in sealed evacuated glass ampoules at temperatures between 110 and 155 °C yield a series of compounds which are composed of discrete selenium polycations and polymeric chlorobismutate anions. Besides the already known Se8[Bi4Cl14] two new compounds have been identified by crystal structure analyses as Se4[Bi4Cl14] (tetragonal, P4/n, a = 1089.1(2) pm, c = 993.7(2) pm, Z = 2) and Se10[Bi5Cl17] (monoclinic, P21/c, a = 1079.24(8) pm, b = 2062.9(2) pm, c = 1676.1(2) pm, β = 90.87(1)°, Z = 4). Se4[Bi4Cl14] was obtained as red transparent platelike crystals and is the first example of a compound with (chalcogen4)2+ ions of exact square‐planar symmetry and molecular point group D4h in the solid state. The cations are surrounded by layers of two‐dimensional polymeric anions [Bi4Cl14]2–. Se10[Bi5Cl17] forms dark grey crystals with a reddish luster. The structure contains the known bicyclic polycation Se102+ which is disordered over two positions and the first three‐dimensional polymeric chlorobismutate anion [Bi5Cl17]2–. The different BiClx polyhedra are linked by sharing common vertices, edges, and faces.  相似文献   

16.
Two polymorphs of the new cluster compound [Ru2Bi14Br4](AlCl4)4 have been synthesized from Bi24Ru3Br20 in the Lewis acidic ionic liquid [BMIM]Cl/AlCl3 ([BMIM]+: 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium) at 140 °C. A large fragment of the precursor’s structure, namely the [(Bi8)Ru(Bi4Br4)Ru(Bi5)]5+ cluster, dissolved as a whole and transformed into a closely related symmetrical [(Bi5)Ru(Bi4Br4)Ru(Bi5)]4+ cluster through structural conversion of a coordinating Bi82+ to a Bi5+ polycation, while the remainder was left intact. Both modifications have monoclinic unit cells that comprise two formula units (α form: P21/n, a=982.8(2), b=1793.2(4), c=1472.0(3) pm, β=109.05(3)°; β form: P21/n, a=1163.8(2), b=1442.7(3), c=1500.7(3), β=97.73(3)°). The [Ru2Bi14Br4]4+ cluster can be regarded as a binuclear inorganic complex of two ruthenium(I) cations that are coordinated by terminal Bi5+ square pyramids and a central Bi4Br4 ring. The presence of a covalent Ru? Ru bond was established by molecular quantum chemical calculations utilizing real‐space bonding indicator ELI‐D. Structural similarity of the new and parent cluster suggests a structural reorganization or an exchange of the bismuth polycations as mechanisms of cluster formation. In this top‐down approach a complex‐structured unit formed at high temperature was made available for low‐temperature use.  相似文献   

17.
Ag2Hg2(TeO4)3     
Red single crystals of disilver(I) dimercury(II) tris­[tetra­oxo­tellurate(VI)], Ag2Hg2(TeO4)3, were obtained under hydro­thermal conditions at 523 K. The structure is built up of 1[(TeO2/1O4/2)({TeO2/1O2/2}2O4/2)] chains, with an overall composition [TeO4]2−, that run parallel to the crystallographic a axis. Distorted AgO6 and HgO6 polyhedra (the latter with two short and nearly collinear Hg—O bonds) link the tellurate chains into a three‐dimensional network. Except for one Te atom situated on an inversion center, all atoms occupy general positions.  相似文献   

18.
An assumption has been made that in the presence of electrosorbing cations potential oscillations should be observed in the course of galvanostatic oxidation of hydrogen on platinum electrode. The reality of this assumption has been proved in the presence of Cd2+, Cu2+, Sn2+, Bi3+, Ag+ ions using different base electrolytes (H2SO4, HCl, HClO4). Some features connected with these oscillation phenomena were considered.  相似文献   

19.
Cd2Cu(PO4)2     
During an investigation of the insufficiently known system M1O–M2O–X2O5–H2O (M1 = Cd2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+; M2 = Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Zn2+ and Mg2+; X = P5+, As5+ and V5+), single crystals of the novel compound dicadmium copper(II) bis[phosphate(V)], Cd2Cu(PO4)2, were obtained. This compound belongs to a small group of compounds adopting a Cu3(PO4)2‐type structure and having the general formula M12M2(XO4)2 (M1/M2 = Cd2+, Cu2+, Mg2+ and Zn2+; X = As5+, P5+ and V5+). The crystal structure is characterized by the interconnection of infinite [Cu(PO4)2]n chains and [Cd2O10]n double chains, both extending along the a axis. Exceptional characteristics of this structure are its novel chemical composition and the occurrence of double chains of CdO6 polyhedra that were not found in related structures. In contrast to the isomorphous compounds, where the M1 cations are coordinated by five O atoms, the Cd atom is coordinated by six. The dissimilarity in the geometry of M1 coordination between Cd2Cu(PO4)2 and the isomorphous compounds is mostly due to the larger ionic radius of the Cd cation in comparison with the Cu, Mg and Zn cations. Sharing a common edge, two CdO6 polyhedra form Cd2O10 dimers. Each such dimer is bonded to another dimer sharing common vertices, forming [Cd2O10]n double chains in the [100] direction. The Cu atoms, located on an inversion centre (site symmetry ), form isolated CuO4 squares interconnected by PO4 tetrahedra, forming [Cu(PO4)2]n chains similar to those found in related structures. Conversely, the [Cd2O10]n double chains, which were not found in related structures, are an exclusive feature of this structure.  相似文献   

20.
Y4MgSi3O13:Bi3+, Eu3+ nanophosphors have been prepared by a facile sol–gel method. The products have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence measurements. The results show that the nanophosphors are of single phase hexagonal Y4MgSi3O13 with size-distribution of 50–90 nm in diameter. White-light emission has been obtained from Bi3+ and Eu3+ co-doped Y4MgSi3O13 nanophosphors upon excitation of 350 nm ultraviolet light. It is noted that Bi3+ ions can occupy two different Y3+ sites and generate different emissions from the 3p1 → 1s0 transition. Warm white light has been obtained from Y4MgSi3O13:Bi3+, Eu3+ nanophosphors according to Commission International de I’Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates and color temperature (Tc) with appropriately adjusted contents of Bi3+ and Eu3+. The results indicate that Y4MgSi3O13:0.08Bi3+, 0.04Eu3+ (x = 0.31, y = 0.31, Tc = 6907 K) are potential nanophosphors for white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) applications.  相似文献   

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