基于亚光涂料的消光技术研究进展

亚光涂料具有光泽柔和的特点,能够提供舒适温馨的氛围,降低视觉疲劳,在建筑、车饰、医疗、交通等日常生活领域具有广阔的应用空间。目前亚光涂料主要通过加入消光剂和消光树脂来实现消光。本文综述了近年来消光剂和消光树脂在各类亚光涂料中的研究进展,特别介绍了改性二氧化硅消光剂和新型消光树脂在紫外光固化涂料中的进展情况,总结了我国在消光剂和消光树脂研究中的不足之处,指出了目前消光剂和消光树脂在亚光涂料应用中存在的主要问题,并展望了其应用前景和发展趋势。     

铝型材用消光电泳涂料的研究进展

消光电泳涂料的研究重点是降低材料的光泽,并且达到优异的性能。文章主要介绍铝型材消光电泳的特点、消光原理以及各种不同消光手法。电泳涂料为了得到消光的外观,可以通过两种手段获得:物理消光和化学消光。物理消光法主要采取电泳后处理以及在涂料中添加消光剂来达到消光的目的,化学消光法利用树脂之间的性能差异来降低光泽。文章重点阐述了树脂消光法的原理以及在消光电泳涂料中采取的方法,包括溶解性(SP)差异消光法、内微凝胶消光法、固化温度差消光法等,指出消光树脂的研究方向是制备出能够抑制电解气发生的树脂,使阴极消光电泳涂装成为可能。     

原位合成的活性脲醛树脂作为模板剂制备二氧化硅介孔材料

利用酸性条件下正硅酸乙酯的水解和脲醛树脂的聚合反应同时一步原位进行的方法合成了二氧化硅复合粉体(包括核壳微球结构和网状结构)和块体凝胶材料. 液氮吸附BET分析结果证明复合材料焙烧后得到的二氧化硅孔径分布均匀, 大小在介孔范围内. 改变反应性单体尿素. 甲醛及正硅酸乙酯等的初始浓度可对二氧化硅块体材料的孔径大小进行调节. 扫描电子显微镜观测结果显示, 随着原料单体初始浓度的变化复合粉体材料的微米级形貌可以是多孔网状结构或核壳结构. 从红外光谱和差热分析的结果推测, 高甲醛/尿素摩尔比[n(甲醛)∶n(尿素)≥2]条件下形成的支链脲醛树脂可作为块体二氧化硅理想的孔结构导向剂.     

混合溶剂中纳米级NiO的制备及表征

以Ｎｉ（ＮＯ３）２和ＮＨ４ＨＣＯ３为原料，在乙醇－水混合溶液中，通过化学沉淀法制备出一种深绿色非晶前驱物，４００℃分解即得产物ＮｉＯ，产物及其前驱物的热分析、Ｘ射线衍射和透射电镜研究表明，前驱物是一种组成为ＮｉＣＯ３·２Ｎｉ（ＯＨ）２·２Ｈ２Ｏ的无定型非晶体，产物为粒度分布均匀，分散性好的球形纯立方相ＮｉＯ纳米晶，平均粒度为７ｎｍ，该法成功了湿化学法制备超微粒子过程中的团聚问题。     

人工神经网络用于化学杂交剂的构效关系研究

一、人工神经冈络方法简介最近几年来,针对传统计算机的局限性(串行),在国际上形成了一股研究与应用人工神经网络(Artificial Neural Networks,ANNs)的热潮。人工神经网络是一类模拟人脑功能的     

二氧化硅纳米颗粒增强起泡剂性能及影响因素研究

针对山西某区块煤层气井及其他深层气井常规用起泡剂在高温、高矿化度以及高凝析油条件下稳定性差的问题。通过起泡剂筛选,确定起泡剂主剂,再向起泡剂主剂中加入表面经修饰改性的纳米微球,作为稳泡剂。这样在气液界面形成一层固态膜,阻止泡沫聚并,增强泡沫稳定性,得到纳米泡排剂SLQ-01。室内研究表明:纳米颗粒浓度为90 mg·L^-1时,泡排剂起泡力、稳泡性能最优;矿化度一定,起泡剂半衰期随温度升高而降低,但仍能保持10min以上;180℃时携液率可以达到76.5%,耐30%凝析油,溶液与地层水配伍性良好。该纳米泡排剂SLQ-01可以满足高温180℃、矿化度200000 mg·L^-1/、凝析油30%条件下施工要求。     

化学沉淀法制备BaTiO3纳米粉体的研究

以正钛酸(H₄TiO₄)、硝酸钡[Ba(NO₃)₂]为原料, 以双氧水、氨水为溶剂, 采用化学沉淀法制备出晶粒尺寸约20 nm的钛酸钡粉体. 研究了原料种类、煅烧温度、加料方式、反应温度对钛酸钡粉体性能的影响, 确定了最佳的制备条件. 结果表明: 当正钛酸(g)∶双氧水(mL)∶氨水(mL)＝1∶5∶3, 且采用正钛酸的双氧水-氨水溶液缓慢滴加到硝酸钡溶液中的加料方式时, 溶解完全, 制得的BaTiO₃粉体粒径小、纯度高. 用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了颗粒的晶体结构、晶型转变机理以及颗粒的形貌|结果显示: 前驱体的起始晶型转变温度为500, 800 ℃煅烧获得的粒子晶型完整, 形貌呈规则的球形, 当煅烧温度升高到900 ℃时, 粉体晶体结构由立方相转变为四方相.     

化学沉淀法制备羟基磷灰石纳米粒子

采用化学沉淀法以 Ca(NO3 ) 2 · 5 H2 O和 (NH4) 2 HPO4为主要原料 ,制备了短棒状或针状的羟基磷灰石纳米粒子 (HA) ,考察了各反应参数对纳米粒子性能的影响 ,并由透射电镜、X射线晶体衍射、电子衍射、红外、比表面积等手段对其进行表征。实验结果表明 ,所制备的 HA粒子粒径长约 30～5 0 nm,直径约 10～ 15 nm;通过严格控制各反应参数可以基本上实现纳米羟基磷灰石粒子粒径、形态等部分性质的可控制备     

图解法确定掩蔽剂存在下微溶物沉淀的pH值

本文提出的图解法,可极为简便地确定掩蔽剂存在时微溶物开始沉淀及沉淀完全时的pH值,比文献^[1-3]方法易于求解,计算简便。     

化学与发烟剂

烟幕不仅对目视形成干扰,且能对高技术的光电武器系统进行干扰,已成为对付高科技武器系统的“软胄甲”。而烟幕的构成离不开发烟剂。从常见发烟剂的种类、发烟剂的化学组成和形成烟幕的化学反应等方面予以简单介绍,拓展化学基础知识在军事领域中的运用。     

Effect of fly ash silica and precipitated silica fillers on the viscosity,cure, and viscoelastic properties of natural rubber

The viscosity, cure properties, storage, and loss moduli and tan δ of natural rubber (NR) filled with the same amounts of precipitated silica (PSi) and fly ash silica (FASi) fillers were measured. The fillers were treated with bis[3‐triethoxysilylpropyl‐]tetrasulfide (TESPT), or, used in the rubber untreated. TESPT is a sulfur‐containing bi‐functional organosilane that chemically adheres silica to rubber and also prevents silica from interfering with the reaction mechanism of sulfur cure. The dispersion of PSi and FASi in the rubber was investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effects of silica type and loading and surface treatment on the aforementioned properties were of interest. The SEM results showed that the FASi particles were larger in size and had a wider particle size distribution when compared with the PSi particles. The viscosity of the compounds decreased progressively with mixing time, and the compounds with FASi had a lower viscosity than those filled with PSi. The treatment with Si69 had no beneficial effect on the dispersion of the fillers in the rubber matrix. At low temperatures, the type and loading of the filler had no effect on the storage and loss moduli of the compounds, but the effect was more pronounced at high temperatures. There was also evidence from the tan δ and glass transition temperature (T_g) measurements that some limited interaction between the filler particles and rubber had occurred because of TESPT. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Preparation and characterization of functionalized precipitated silica SYLOID® 244 using ionic liquids as modifiers

Studies were performed on the chemical modification of SYLOID^® 244 (Grace) precipitated silica using ionic liquids. The unmodified and ionic‐liquid‐functionalized silica were subjected to a comprehensive physicochemical and dispersive evaluation. Particle size, polydispersity and specific surface area (BET) and porous structure were examined. Moreover, stability of the colloids obtained was evaluated by estimation of isoelectric points. The extent of modification and its type were defined using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ²⁹Si‐cross‐polarization/magic angle spinning/nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. The modification was not observed to deteriorate the dispersive properties of the silica. The silicas obtained exhibited a restricted tendency to form larger accumulations of particles, i.e. aggregates and agglomerates. Moreover, application of ionic liquids with a heptyloxymethyl or octyloxymethyl substituent resulted in complete hydrophobization of the silica surface. Tested powders manifested the highest stability within a pH range of 10–12. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of preparation pH on pore structure of silica gels

Surface characterization of silica gels prepared at different gelation pH from water glass and sulphuric acid were made by argon adsorption at 77 K using continuous volumetric method. While microporous silica gels prepared in the pH range of 1–3 had BET surface areas of 504–571 m² g^–1, total pore volumes of 0.26–0.31 cm³ g^–1 and micropore volumes of 0.16–0.23 cm³ g^–1, mesoporous silica gels prepared in the pH range of 3.36–0.65 had BET surface areas of 374–530 m² g^–1 and pore volumes of 0.61–0.79 cm³ g^–1.     

Effects of the degree of surface modification on the rheological responses of precipitated silica suspensions in benzyl alcohol

Two types of precipitated silica powders modified by poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) were suspended in benzyl alcohol and their rheological properties were investigated as a function of silica volume fraction, φ. The suspensions were classified into sol, pre-gel, and gel states based on the increase in φ. An increase in the degree of surface modification by PDMS caused gelation at higher φ. Plots of apparent shear viscosity against shear rate in the sol and pre-gel states of highly modified silica suspensions showed weak shear thickening behavior, while the same plots for silica suspensions with a low modification level exhibited shear thinning behavior. The dynamic moduli of hydrophobic suspensions in the pre-gel and gel states were dependent on the surface modification: the storage modulus G′ was larger than the loss modulus G″ in the linear region and these moduli increased with increasing φ, irrespective of the silica powder. The linear region of the φ range for the precipitated silica suspensions was wider than that for the fumed silica powders modified by PDMS suspended in benzyl alcohol, while the G′ value in the linear region for the precipitated silica suspensions was less than those for the fumed silica suspensions.     

Effects of preparation and operation conditions on precipitated iron nickel catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

Iron nickel oxide catalysts were prepared using co-precipitation procedure and studied for the conversion of synthesis gas to light olefins. In particular, the effects of a range of preparation variables such as [Fe]/[Ni] molar ratios of the precipitation solution, precipitate aging times, calcination conditions, different supports and loading of optimum support on the structure of catalysts and their catalytic performance for the tested reaction were investigated. It was found that the catalyst containing 40%Fe/60%Ni/40wt%Al2O3, which was aged for 180 min and calcined at 600 ℃ for 6 h was the optimum modified catalyst. The catalytic performance of optimal catalyst has been studied in different operation conditions such as reaction temperatures, H2/CO molar feed ratios and reaction total pressure. Characterization of both precursors and calcined catalysts was carried out by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurements, thermal analysis methods such as thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).     

Modified silica precipitated in the medium of organic solvents — an active rubber filler

Studies were performed on application of highly dispersed silicas, specially obtained in organic solvent medium, to processing of elastomers. Particular attention was paid to silica surface modification and to estimation of an extent of the surface modification. To this aim, near infrared techniques were used and heat effects associated with surface wetting with water and benzene were estimated. Application studies were also conducted on the use of modified silicas in butadiene-styrene rubber.     

Eco-friendly synthesis of high silica zeolite Y with choline as green and innocent structure-directing agent

Zeolite synthesis in contemporary chemical industries is predominantly conducted using organic structure-directing agents (OSDAs), which are chronically hazardous to humans and the environment. It is a growing trend to develop an eco-friendly and nuisanceless OSDA for zeolite synthesis. Herein, choline is employed as a non-toxic and green OSDA to synthesize high silica Y zeolite with SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios of 6.5–6.8. The prepared Y zeolite samples exhibited outstanding (hydro)thermal stability at ultrahigh temperature owing to the higher SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio. The XRF, SEM, ²⁹Si-NMR and ¹³Na+ results suggested that choline plays a structure-directing role in the synthesis of Y zeolite, while the feed molar fraction of Na⁺ is a crucial determinant for the framework SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio and the crystal morphology.     

Reinforcement of compatibilized NR/NBR blends by fly ash particles and precipitated silica

Effects of precipitated silica (PSi) and silica from fly ash (FA) particles (FASi) on the cure and mechanical properties before and after thermal and oil aging of natural rubber (NR) and acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) blends with and without chloroprene rubber (CR) or epoxidized NR (ENR) as a compatibilizer have been reported in this paper. The experimental results suggested that the scorch and cure times decreased with the addition of silica and the compound viscosity increased on increasing the silica content. The mechanical properties for PSi filled NR/NBR vulcanizates were greater than those for FASi filled NR/NBR vulcanizates in all cases. The PSi could be used for reinforcing the NR/NBR vulcanizates while the silica from FA was regarded as a semi‐reinforcing and/or extending filler. The incorporation of CR or ENR enhanced the mechanical properties of the NR/NBR vulcanizates, the ENR being more effective and compatible with the blend. The mechanical properties of the NR/NBR vulcanizates were improved by post‐curing effect from thermal aging but deteriorated by the oil aging. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多孔活性硅胶的制备及吸附性能的研究

以硅酸钠和氯化铵为原料,通过添加表面活性剂制备高吸附活性的多孔硅胶.采用SEM,IR和XRI)等手段对硅胶样品的结构和形貌进行表征,并利用紫外分光光度法研究硅胶样品对垃圾渗滤液中有机污染物的吸附性能.结果表明,合成的硅胶样品是由纳米量级的无定形二氧化硅颗粒组成的多孔性、疏松状物质,对垃圾渗滤液中的有机物分子具有较强的吸...     

Fused silica capillary deactivation with D4 in the presence of oxygen

A new, simple procedure to deactivate fused silica capillaries without hydrothermal treatment is proposed. Based on high temperature reactions of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D₄) in the presence of oxygen, this procedure results, upon coating with dimethylsilicone (SE-30), in columns which give almost symmetric peaks for as little as 150 pg of critical compounds, such as decylamine, thereby demonstrating very high inertness. A mechanism of the deactivation procedure, which, in contrast to previously developed procedures, is based on thermal reactions under aerobic conditions, is proposed.