共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 421 毫秒
1.
D. Udayakumar A. John Kiran A. Vasudeva Adhikari K. Chandrasekharan G. Umesh H.D. Shashikala 《Chemical physics》2006
The third-order nonlinear optical properties of newly synthesized soluble polyoxadiazoles containing 3,4-dialkoxythiophenes were investigated by using Z-scan and degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) techniques. The measurements were performed at 532 nm with 7 ns pulses from a Nd:YAG laser. We found a good agreement between the values of χ(3) determined from both the experiments. Z-scan results indicate a negative nonlinear refractive index, n2, whose magnitude is of the order of 10−10 esu for all the copolymers. The variation of nonlinear response among the copolymers clearly indicates the dependence of χ(3) on donor and acceptor type of units present in these copolymers. The copolymers exhibit strong reverse saturable absorption and good optical limiting properties at 532 nm. 相似文献
2.
New rod-coil block copolymers consisting of terfluorene segments and electron transporting units as the flexible blocks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Christos L. Chochos Nikos P. Tzanetos Solon P. Economopoulos Vasilis G. Gregoriou 《European Polymer Journal》2007,43(12):5065-5075
A series of new rod-coil block copolymers having a well-defined terfluorene unit as the rigid segment with three different electron transporting moieties as the flexible part, such as side chain oxadiazole (TFPOXD), side chain quinoline (TFPQN) and a molecule containing two oxadiazole rings in the side chain (TFPDOXD), were synthesized using the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique. All the synthesized copolymers were extensively examined with respect to their optical properties as pristine films, upon thermal annealing (200 °C for 30 min in air) and photo-oxidation treatment in air. Thermal annealing of the block copolymers resulted in stable blue light emission from TFPOXD and TFPDOXD while TFPQN showed the appearance of the undesired 520 nm emission band. In addition, TFPOXD does not exhibit the low-energy emission band at 520 nm after photo-oxidation under prolonged diffuse UV radiation at ambient atmosphere, despite the fluorenone formation on the terfluorene segment, in contrast to all the other copolymers. 相似文献
3.
Thermotropic copolyesters containing an isophthalate unit and mesogenic 4, 4′-bis (ω-hydroxyalkyloxy) biphenyls (n = 3, 4, 6) with different numbers of methylene units have been synthesized by melt polymerization. The number-average molar mass (Mn) was estimated from end group analysis by 1H NMR. The copolymer compositions were also obtained from 1H NMR. The thermal behavior of the copolymers containing even-even (n = 4, 6) and odd-even (n = 3, 4) pairings has been investigated and is also compared with that of the analogous homopolymers. The copolymers exhibit reduced melting point and extending liquid crystalline range identified using polarizing microscopy and DSC. All of the obtained compounds were characterized by conventional spectroscopic methods. 相似文献
4.
Lifen Xiao 《Tetrahedron》2010,66(15):2835-64
Novel polymeric metal complexes as dye sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on poly thiophene containing complexes of 8-hydroxyquinoline with Zn(II),Cu(II), and Eu(III) in the side chain have been synthesized according to the Stille coupling method and characterized by FTIR, GPC, and Elemental analysis. The UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and the applications in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are also determined and studied. The DSSCs fabricated by PZn(Q)2-co-3MT, PCu(Q)2-co-3MT, and PEu(Q)3-co-3MT exhibit good device performance with a power conversion efficiency of up to 0.56%, 0.78%, and 1.16%, respectively, under simulated AM 1.5 G solar irradiation (100 mW/cm2). They possess excellent stabilities and their thermal decomposition temperatures are 340 °C, 400 °C, and 540 °C, respectively, indicating polymeric metal complexes are suitable for the fabrication processes of optoelectronic devices. 相似文献
5.
Glycidyl methacrylate (GM) random copolymers with styrene and methylstyrene (in a 1:1 and 1:3 mole ratio) were synthesized by solution free radical polymerizations at 70 ± 1 °C using α,α′-azoisobutyronitrile as an initiator. The copolymer compositions were obtained using related 1H NMR spectra and the polydispersity indices of the copolymers determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Both types of polymer could be modified by incorporation of the highly sterically demanding tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl substituent (Me3Si)3C-(Tsi = trisyl) through the ring opening reaction of the epoxy groups in copolymers. Chemical modification was determined by 1H NMR and infrared spectroscopies. The glass transition temperature Tg of all copolymers was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The Tg value of the copolymers containing bulky trisyl groups was found to increase with incorporation of trisyl groups in polymer structures. The presence of trisyl groups in the polymer side chain created new macromolecules with novel modified properties and potential use as membranes for fluid separation. 相似文献
6.
L. Abate I. Blanco G. Cicala A. Mamo G. Recca A. Scamporrino 《Polymer Degradation and Stability》2010,95(5):798-2395
Some random low molar mass (Mn ≈ 9000 g mol−1) poly(ethersulfoneethersulfone)/poly(ethersulfoneethersulfonebiphenylsulfone) P(ESES)/P(ESESBS) copolymers, with various (25%, 50% and 75%) ESESBS units contents, were synthesized to obtain compounds with higher chain rigidity than PES. The thermal characterization of the prepared copolymers, as well as that of corresponding P(ESES) and P(ESESBS) homopolymers, was performed, and all investigated parameters showed strong dependence on polymer composition.The glass transition temperature (Tg) was calorimetrically determined by DSC technique, and the obtained values increased linearly as function of ESESBS units percentage, thus indicating an increasing chain rigidity.Degradations were carried out in dynamic heating conditions, from 35 °C to 700 °C, in both flowing nitrogen and static air atmosphere, and the characteristic parameters of degradation were determined in order to draw useful information about the overall thermal stability of the studied compounds. The apparent activation energy of degradation (Ea) was obtained by the Kissinger method, and the values found increased linearly as a function of ESESBS content, while the temperature values at 5% mass loss (T5%) showed an opposite linear trend. The results are discussed and interpreted. 相似文献
7.
Well-defined poly(MMA-b-DMS-b-MMA) triblock copolymers were prepared by copper(I) mediated living radical polymerization. This was achieved by polymerization of methylmethacrylate (MMA) with different concentrations of 2-bromoisobutyrate terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The polymerization occurred in controlled manner with the molecular weight found by 1H NMR close to that predicted and a narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn∼1.2). Copolymers were obtained with Mn=2100, 4900, 10 100 and 29 500 g mol−1 respectively with poly(MMA) (PMMA) terminal blocks and a central PDMS block of 5500 g mol−1 in each case.DSC analysis showed most of the poly(MMA-b-DMS-b-MMA) triblock copolymers exhibits two Tg’s, one at low temperature corresponding to the Tg of PDMS microphase and a second at high temperature corresponding to the Tg of the PMMA microphase. TEM images show microphase segregation morphology in bulk for the triblock copolymers, with a higher degree of segregation for copolymers containing higher PDMS content. XPS measurements were performed to determine the chemical composition at the surface. For all the copolymers PDMS enrichment is observed at the surface. Copolymers containing higher percentage of PDMS exhibit higher phase separation and better enrichment of PDMS at the surface. The surface tension determined by contact angle measurements of the copolymer film containing 59 mol% of PDMS was 19.15 mN m−1. 相似文献
8.
Bin Deng Donald E. Ellis Richard P. Van Duyne 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2005,178(10):3169-3175
The new compound K2CuSbS3 has been synthesized by the reaction of K2S, Cu, Sb, and S at 823 K. The compound crystallizes in the Na2CuSbS3 structure type with four formula units in space group P21/c of the monoclinic system in a cell at 153 K of a=6.2712 (6) Å, b=17.947 (2) Å, c=7.4901 (8) Å, β=120.573 (1)°, and V=725.81 (12) Å3. The structure contains two-dimensional layers separated by K atoms. Each layer is built from CuS3 and SbS3 units. Each Cu atom is pyramidally coordinated to three S atoms with the Cu atom about 0.4 Å above the plane of the S atoms. Each Sb atom is similarly coordinated to three S atoms but is about 1.1 Å above its S3 plane. First-principles calculations indicate an indirect band gap of 1.9 eV. These calculations also indicate that there is a bonding interaction between the Cu and Sb atoms. An optical absorption measurement performed with light perpendicular to the (0 1 0) crystal face of a red block-shaped crystal of K2CuSbS3 indicates an experimental indirect band gap of 2.2 eV. 相似文献
9.
Takeshi Mori 《European Polymer Journal》2009,45(4):1149-1754
Three types of carbazole containing 1,5-disubstituted poly(2,6-naphthalene) derivatives, i.e., 2,6-naphthalene homopolymer that has a carbazolyl side chain at 1,5-positions, random copolymers and alternating copolymers consisting of 1,5-dialkoxynaphthalene-2,6-diyl and N-phenylcarbazole-2,7-diyl were newly synthesized by Ni-mediated Yamamoto polycondensation and Pd-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction. The number-average molecular weights (Mn) of the polymers and their polydispersity indices (Mw/Mn) were 5.4-8.2 × 103 and 1.4-1.7, respectively. These polymers exhibited blue photoluminescence in the film states and high fluorescence quantum efficiencies in CHCl3 (?fl = 0.70-1.00). The electroluminescence properties of these polymers were investigated by fabricating a PLED device that has a configuration of ITO/PEDOT(PSS)/polymer/CsF/Al. The device fabricated with the random copolymer exhibited highest performances showing a maximum brightness of 8370 cd/m2 at 13 V and a maximum efficiency of 2.16 cd/A at 7 V. 相似文献
10.
Elif Kose UnverSimge Tarkuc Derya Baran Cihangir TanyeliLevent Toppare 《Tetrahedron letters》2011,52(21):2725-2729
Two low band gap conjugated polymers, poly[4,9-bis(4-hexylthien-2-yl)-6,7-di(thien-2-yl)-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline] (PHTTQ) and poly[5,10-bis(4-hexylthien-2-yl)-2,3,7,8-tetra(thien-2-yl)pyrazino[2,3-g]quinoxaline] (PHTPQ), consisting of alternating electron-rich 3-hexylthiophene and electron-deficient 6,7-di(thien-2-yl)-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline (TTQ) and 2,3,7,8-tetra(thien-2-yl)-2,3-dihydropyrazino[2,3-g]quinoxaline (TPQ) units were synthesized electrochemically. The structures of the π-conjugated monomers were tailored using thiophene as the pendant group on the acceptor units (TTQ and TPQ). The electrochemical and optical properties of the polymers were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy. The absorption spectra of PHTPQ, revealing a 1.0 eV band gap, exhibited three maxima at 352 nm, 535 nm, and 750 nm. Consequently, its absorption spectra cover the region between 400 and 800 nm, which make the polymer almost black in appearance. PHTTQ shows a λmax value of 820 nm and a band gap of 0.8 eV which is very low among other [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline-containing donor-acceptor type polymers. 相似文献
11.
A series of alternating fluorene and p-phenylenevinylene copolymers containing non-conjugated spacer have been synthesized through the Wittig polycondensation reaction. These amorphous copolymers are highly soluble in common organic solvents and can be spin-cast to obtain transparent films. The effects of non-conjugated spacers in the main chain and the methoxyl groups on the side chain on the thermal behavior, photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) properties of these copolymers have been investigated in detail. Single-layered light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been fabricated in the configuration of ITO/PEDOT/copolymer/Ca/Al and emitted blue light in the range of 456-492 nm. The measurements of current vs voltage show turn-on voltages at 6.2-12.4 V. Among the LEDs based on the six copolymers, the maximum EL brightness and efficiency of the LED based on P1 containing 4CH2 aliphatic segment length in the main chain and without methoxyl groups on side chain are reached 3936 cd/m2 and 0.70 cd/A, respectively. 相似文献
12.
Russell Tayouo 《European Polymer Journal》2010,46(5):1111-133
Radical copolymerizations of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) with vinyl ethers such as 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether (CEVE) and ethyl vinyl ether (EVE) were performed at 75 °C in the presence of peroxide initiator. Three copolymers were obtained and characterized by means of both NMR and elemental analysis. Then, the chlorine atoms in the side chains were converted into iodine atoms by nucleophilic substitution, which was monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy. A series of five copolymers with different amounts of iodine atoms in the side chains were thus obtained. These copolymers exhibited molecular weight values of about 25,000 g mol−1, and the thermal analysis of the copolymers showed a starting degradation from about 220 °C. The Tg values were in the range of 34-41 °C and showed a linear dependence versus the content of iodine atoms. 相似文献
13.
Poly(1-dodecene-co-pMS) copolymers were brominated by HBr/H2O2 system with high selectivity at the methyl groups of pMS units. It was found that longer reaction time, higher pMS content, and lower molecular weight of the copolymers were helpful for higher degree of bromination. Through a modified Williamson ether synthesis, poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ethers (PEG) were grafted onto the brominated copolymers, and the amphiphilic poly(1-dodecene-co-pMS)-graft-PEG copolymers which can be readily dissolved in n-octane were successfully synthesized. Due to their amphiphilic characteristics, they can self-assemble spontaneously into reverse micelles in n-octane. Their micellization behaviors were investigated by fluorescence probe technique, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The critical micelle concentrations of the three copolymers in n-octane were determined at about 1.26 × 10−4, 1.58 × 10−4, and 1.95 × 10−4 g ml−1 by fluorescence measurements. The morphologies of micelles were preliminarily explored by TEM and were found to be spheres. 相似文献
14.
The Zintl phase Eu7Ga6Sb8 was obtained from a direct element combination reaction at 900°C. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca (No. 61) with a=15.6470(17) Å, b=17.2876(19) Å, c=17.9200(19) Å, and Z=8. In Eu7Ga6Sb8, the anionic framework forms infinite chains of [Ga6Sb8]14− which are arranged side by side to make a sheet-like arrangement but without linking. The sheets of chains are separated by Eu2+ atoms and also within the sheet, Eu2+ atoms fill the spaces between two chains. The chain is made up of homoatomic tetramers (Ga4)6+ and dimers (Ga2)4+ connected by Sb atoms. The compound is a narrow band-gap semiconductor with Eg∼0.6 eV and satisfies the classical Zintl concept. Extended Hückel band structure calculations confirm that the material is a semiconductor and suggest that the structure is stabilized by strong Ga-Ga covalent bonding interactions. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for Eu7Ga6Sb8 show that the Eu atoms are divalent and the compound has an antiferromagnetic transition at 9 K. 相似文献
15.
芴与噻吩发光共聚物的合成及其电致发光性能 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9
采用Suzuki偶合方法合成出了一系列新型的 9,9 二辛基芴 (DOF)和噻吩 (Th)的共聚物 .其中 ,DOF与Th的投料比 (摩尔比 )分别为 95∶5 (PTF5 )、90∶1 0 (PTF1 0 )、85∶1 5 (PTF1 5 )、70∶3 0 (PTF3 0 )、5 0∶5 0 (PTF5 0 ) .所有的聚合物均可溶于常用的有机溶剂 ,如THF,CHCl3等 ,其分子量在 60 0 0~ 5 3 0 0 0之间 .当在聚芴主链中引入噻吩后 ,其发光波长发生了红移 ,最大发光波长由PTF5时的 490nm红移到PTF5 0时的 5 41nm .随着聚芴主链中噻吩含量的增加 ,最大电致发光和光致发光效率都逐渐降低 由这些聚合物所制得的器件 ,最大电致发光效率为PTF5和PTF1 0的 0 45 %.由此表明 ,在聚芴主链中引入少量的低带隙单体噻吩可以调节聚芴的发光颜色及发光效率 相似文献
16.
Yuan Jay Chang 《Tetrahedron》2009,65(46):9626-4049
The effect of changing substituents of organic dyes for their performance on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is examined. These dyes consist of an aromatic amine donor group, a cyanoacrylic acid acceptor group, and a triaryl spacer group, while they are linked together by consecutive palladium catalyzed coupling reactions. These materials exhibit strong charge transfer absorption bands in the UV/vis region. Their redox potential levels were estimated by cyclic voltammetry, and found to suit well to the charge flow in DSSCs. Adding electron-donating substituents on the phenyl groups of aromatic amines increased the electron density on the donor groups, therefore reduced the HOMO/LUMO band gap. These dyes were chemisorbed on the surface of nanocrystalline TiO2, and fabricated into DSSCs through standard operations. For a typical device the maximal monochromatic incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) can reach to 80%, with a short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) 16.34 mA cm−2, an open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) 0.68 V, and fill factor (FF) 0.55, which corresponds to an overall conversion efficiency of 6.05%. 相似文献
17.
Ismail Ijjaali 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2003,176(1):170-174
The new quaternary selenide CeMn0.5OSe has been synthesized by the reaction of Ce, Mn, Se, and SeO2 at 1223 K. This compound crystallizes in space group P4/nmm of the tetragonal system with two formula units in a cell of dimensions at 153 K of a=4.0260(7) Å, c=9.107(2) Å. CeMn0.5OSe has the LaAgOS structure type. It is built from [CeO] fluorite-like layers where Ce4O tetrahedra share Ce-Ce edges that alternate with [MnSe] anti-fluorite like layers along [001]. An optical band gap of 2.01 eV has been derived from absorption measurements on the (100) crystal face of a CeMn0.5OSe single crystal. 相似文献
18.
The development of polymer waveguides leads to synthesis of fluorinated amorphous polymers with high transmission capacity, potential to tune their optical properties by tailoring the molecular structure, together with good processability, easy handling, good flexibility and low cost.In this work we have investigated new thermoplastic fluoroacrylated copolymers, synthesized by radical copolymerization of fluoroalkene(s) with five-membered cyclic carbonate and a third monomer or transfer agent, both containing OH group susceptible to be used for grafting of photocrosslinkable groups. The reaction of hydroxy functionalized copolymers with different acrylating agents results in fluoroacrylated resins with molecular weight in the range of 2000-3000 g mol−1, yield >75% and good solubility in reactive diluents. In the presence of photoinitiator(s), they were crosslinked under UV-radiation in order to obtain optical waveguides.The copolymers synthesized were characterized by 1H, 19F and 13C NMR as well as FT-IR spectroscopies and have good thermal stability (Td > 200 °C). The refractive indeces of hydroxy functionalized fluorooligomers and acrylated resins were found to range from 1.44 to 1.45 at 23 °C and the Tgs (by DSC) varied from 40 to 110 °C depending on the content of the cyclic monomer. The optical characteristics of these thermoplastic fluoroacrylated copolymers are under progress. 相似文献
19.
Katanchalee Mai-ngam Kanhokthorn Boonkitpattarakul Morakot Sakulsombat Pimpun Chumningan Bunpot Mai-ngam 《European Polymer Journal》2009,45(4):1260-1269
Free radical copolymerizations of N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) and cationic N-(3-aminopropyl) methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMH) were investigated to prepare amine-functional temperature responsive copolymers. The reactivity ratios for NIPAM and APMH were evaluated in media of different ionic strength (rNIPAM = 0.7 and rAPMH = 0.7-1.2). Phase separation behavior of the random copolymers with only 5 mol% of the APMH was found to be suppressed in pure water at temperatures up to 45 °C due to electrostatic repulsion among the cationic amine groups randomly distributed along the copolymer chain. Alternate sequential addition of PNIPAM/APMH mixtures and pure NIPAM was used to provide increased control of the location of APMH units along the chain. Consequently (close to) homo-PNIPAM block(s) were formed as evidenced by its characteristic phase transition at 33 °C. The influences of the monomer feeding time and feeding interval time to the APMH distribution were investigated to prepare copolymers with thermo-induced phase separation under physiologically relevant temperature and to determine the extent of conjugation to poly(ethylene oxide). 相似文献
20.
1H NMR and IR spectroscopies were used to investigate the temperature-induced phase transition behaviour of poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide-co-sodium methacrylate) [P(IPMAAm/MNa)] copolymers, containing in aqueous solutions negatively charged MNa units (i = 1-10 mol%), and the obtained results were compared with those obtained for poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (PIPMAAm) homopolymer. For PIPMAAm/H2O solution, IR spectra indicate that the transition temperatures for the hydrophilic CO groups are slightly higher (by ∼ 2 K) in comparison with hydrophobic CH3 groups. The decreasing values of phase-separated fraction pmax and the decrescent hysteresis during gradual heating and cooling, both with increasing content of MNa units i in the copolymer, show that for copolymers with i ? 5 mol% the globular-like structures formed at temperatures above the respective LCST are rather porous and disordered with relatively low degree of polymer-polymer hydrogen bonding. While for P(IPMAAm/MNa) copolymers with i ? 5 mol% most water molecules are expelled from globular structures, for i < 5 mol% a certain portion of water (HDO) molecules is rather tightly bound in globular structures; at the same time no releasing process was detected for the bound water even for 90 h. 相似文献