应用ICP-MS法测定玩具中可溶性重金属元素

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定了玩具中8种重金属Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cr、Se、Sb、Ba的可溶性含量,方法简便、快捷.方法的检出限为0.28～5.2 μg/L,方法的精密度和回收率分别为92.5%～106%和5.1%～9.4%,达到了玩具中可溶性重金属含量的分析要求.应用该方法测定了金属、塑料、木质和毛绒玩具中的可溶性重金属含量,取得了良好的效果.     

沉淀/共沉淀-膜富集-X射线荧光法快速分析近岸海水中的重金属

建立了近岸海水中多种重金属(铁、镍、锰、铜、锌及铅)的氢氧化物和硫化物的沉淀/共沉淀-膜富集-X射线荧光测定法.在海水样品中加入沉淀剂,使重金属离子生成氢氧化物或硫化物沉淀.沉淀经过滤截留,富集在膜上,直接以手持式X射线荧光仪检测.富集100 mL水样时,两种沉淀法的测定线性范围均为12.5～400 μg/L,即测定限均为12.5 μg/L.对各重金属浓度为100μg/L的试样连续测定7次,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.7％～6.4％;氢氧化物沉淀法的检出限在1.32～7.84 μ g/L之间;硫化物沉淀法为1.94～11.0 μg/L.用本方法成功测定了厦门近岸海域及九龙江河口海水中的重金属浓度.基于样品酸化与否及过滤先后顺序的不同,本方法可用于海水和河口水样中可溶态、溶解态及游离态重金属的现场快速分析.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地龙药材中铅、砷、汞、镉、铜元素的残留量

建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定不同产地和批次地龙药材中铅(Pb)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)、镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)5种重金属元素的含量.采用微波消解进行样品前处理,结果表明:5种重金属元素的线性关系良好(r≥0.999 6),平均回收率在92.8%~95.2%范围内,方法的检出限在0.001 0~0.092 mg/kg范围内.方法灵敏度高,重复性好,方法准确.不同产地和批次的样品中5种重金属元素均有检出.地龙药材中Pb、As、Hg、Cd、Cu这5种重金属元素需要重点监控.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定精油中砷、钡、铋、镉、铬、铅、锑、汞含量

研究了采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定精油中重金属元素砷、钡、铋、镉、铬、铅、锑、汞含量的方法,确定了实验的最佳条件.方法检出限在0.3～3 μg/kg之间,回收率为84.9%～101.5%,RSD在0.9%～4.7%之间.     

一种便携快速测量水中铅和镉含量的仪器-ANDalyze

快速测量污染水中重金属元素含量对于监测野外突发污染至关重要.建立了使用以生物酶（DNA酶）为原理的便捷仪器快速测定污染水中铅（Pb）和镉（Cd）元素含量的方法.使用生物酶传感器对标准溶液进行测量,根据溶液推荐和测量浓度之间的线性关系对仪器进行校准后,可测量的质量浓度范围:Pb为2~100 μg/L,Cd为0.1~1.0 mg/L.仪器可以在3~5 min内方便快速完成重金属的现场测量,使用DNA酶可以快速获得污染水中的微量金属元素含量,有利于野外重金属污染的即时测量.     

紫外分光光度法测定白芍中重金属的研究

用紫外分光光度法测定了白芍中重金属含量。结果表明,杭白芍重金属含量(甜)为15．43μg/g,亳白芍为18．47μg/g。该法简便、快速、重现性好,适用于中药材实际生长中重金属的检测。     

微束X射线荧光和X射线吸收近边结构谱分析云南某铅锌矿区苔藓中铅的分布和形态

苔藓对重金属胁迫具有良好耐受性和一定的积累能力.本研究采集并测定了铅锌矿区苔藓和苔下土壤中重金属元素含量,利用微束X射线荧光光谱(Micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, micro-XRF)测定了苔藓中重金属元素的分布,采用X射线吸收近边结构(X-ray absorption near edge structure, XANES)分析了苔藓中Pb的元素形态.研究表明,矿区苔藓具有较强的Pb、Zn、Cd、As积累能力,Pb和Zn最高含量可达1.06和1.23 mg/g, Cd和As最高含量可达30.5和13.2 μg/g.苔藓地上部(尤其是新生组织)是苔藓吸收并积累重金属的主要部位;矿区采集的小灰藓和匍枝青藓中部分金属元素分布规律不同,反应了不同苔藓种属对金属元素的吸收、积累和耐受机制的差异.XANES结果显示,Pb在小灰藓中主要以Pb3(PO4)2形态存在(约78%),表明生成Pb3(PO4)2沉淀可能是苔藓对Pb的耐受机制之一.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法分析猫爪草胶囊中铁锌锰的含量

为给猫爪草胶囊药用研究提供依据,采用空气-火焰原子吸收光谱法对猫爪草胶囊中铁锌锰元素的含量进行了测定.结果表明,猫爪草胶囊中,铁为287.8 μg/g,锌为27.4 μg/g,锰为24.6 μg/g.方法精密度为2.67%～4.09%,各元素回收率在96.3%～107.6%之间.该法操作简单、结果准确,是猫爪草胶囊中铁...     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物肌肉组织和鸡蛋中残留的11种甾体激素类药物

建立了采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定猪、牛、羊和鸡肌肉组织及鸡蛋中睾酮、甲基睾酮、黄体酮、群勃龙、勃地龙、诺龙、美雄酮、司坦唑醇、丙酸诺龙、丙酸睾酮及苯丙酸诺龙等11种甾体激素多残留的分析方法。试样在碱性条件下用叔丁基甲醚提取,冷冻离心脱脂净化,以乙腈和甲酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,反相液相色谱分离。采用电喷雾离子化、多反应监测方式(MRM),对11种甾体激素同时进行定性定量测定。动物肌肉和鲜蛋中睾酮、甲基睾酮、勃地龙、美雄酮及司坦唑醇的检出限为0.3 μg/kg,群勃龙、诺龙、黄体酮、丙酸诺龙、丙酸睾酮及苯丙酸诺龙的检出限为0.4 μg/kg。在动物组织及鸡蛋中添加1,2及10 μg/kg 水平的药物回收试验中,睾酮、甲基睾酮、勃地龙、美雄酮及司坦唑醇的回收率均在62.3%～105%之间,相对标准偏差为0.5%～15%;群勃龙、诺龙、黄体酮、丙酸诺龙、丙酸睾酮及苯丙酸诺龙的回收率大于50.0%,相对标准偏差小于16%。11种甾体激素在1～100 μg/L范围内,线性关系良好,相关系数都大于0.99。该方法的样品前处理简单、快速,测定灵敏、准确,选择性好,可满足动物源食品中甾体激素类药物多残留的同时测定。     

中药煎制前后重金属含量测定及溶出特性研究

模拟传统煎药方式,制备中药水煎液,建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP- MS)测定5种药材及其水煎液中6种重金属元素Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、As、Hg含量的方法,研究并优化了微波消解条件及(ICP- MS)的各项技术参数.被测元素检出限为0.0001 ～0.003 μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.8～3...     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.