DC artifact correction for arbitrary phase-cycling sequence

In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a non-zero offset in the receiver baseline signal during acquisition results in a bright spot or a line artifact in the center of the image known as a direct current (DC) artifact. Several methods have been suggested in the past for the removal or correction of DC artifacts in MR images, however, these methods cannot be applied directly when a specific phase-cycling technique is used in the imaging sequence. In this work, we proposed a new, simple technique that enables correction of DC artifacts for any arbitrary phase-cycling imaging sequences. The technique is composed of phase unification, DC offset estimation and correction, and phase restoration. The feasibility of the proposed method was demonstrated via phantom and in vivo experiments with a multiple phase-cycling balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) imaging sequence. Results showed successful removal of the DC artifacts in images acquired using bSSFP with phase-cycling angles of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°, indicating potential feasibility of the proposed method to any imaging sequence with arbitrary phase-cycling angles.     

Frequency-shifting submillimeter single-sideband receiver

A single sideband (SSB) receiver has been developed and implemented for use with a submillimeter sideband generator. While the sideband generator emits both an upper and lower sideband, and even some unshifted laser radiation, the receiver responds to only one sideband. The operator of the system can choose which sideband to receive. Rejection of the undesired signal is accomplished through selective frequency shifting coupled with the use of a commercially available single-sideband microwave mixer.     

光的单边带传输的性能研究

对一种光单边带传输系统用MATLAB进行了仿真,结果表明：在完全消光条件下,10Gb/s单边带信号在常规单模光纤传输可达140 km, 而双边带仅为70 km;消光比对双边带传输和单边带传输的影响是不一样的. 双边带传输消光比为10 dB就够了, 单边带传输消光比要在20 dB以上,只有消光比大于20 dB时单边带传输相对于双边带传输的优越性才逐渐呈现出来.     

GaAs中碳受主局域振动模的非简谐性对主吸收带的影响

在ＧａＡｓ中碳受主局域振动模主吸收带低能侧,观察到一个吸收边带,其峰频率与局域振动模吸收主带的峰频率之差为３５ｃｍ＾－１。该边带的积分面积随温度变化,并影响主吸收带积分布积的温度关系。该边带可能起因于局域振动模自身的非简谐性。     

Resonant sideband generation in stretched-pulse fiber lasers

Resonant sideband production in stretched-pulse fiber lasers operating with net normal dispersion is investigated. A theoretical formulation is compared with numerical modeling and experimental results. The inherent difference from sideband generation in soliton lasers is discussed. We also consider the implications of sideband formation in related dispersion-managed soliton transmission systems.     

Measurements of the sideband conversion gain ratio of a millimeter-wave heterodyne sub-harmonic mixer using a fourier transform spectrometer

A Fourier transform spectrometer, based on a Martin-Puplett polarisation rotation interferometer and using broad-band blackbody noise sources, has been used to study the sideband response i.e., conversion gain, of a room temperature Schottky diode sub-harmonic mixer operating at 300 GHz. The technique enables the response of the mixer to be characterised and preferentially tuned to one sideband, thereby improving the rejection of unwanted spectral components which can be present in the mixer image sideband.     

Influence of primary frequencies ratio on distortion product otoacoustic emissions amplitude. II. Interrelations between multicomponent DPOAEs, tone-burst-evoked OAEs, and spontaneous OAEs

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) are used widely in humans to assess cochlear function. It is well known that 2f1-f2 DPOAE amplitude increases as the f2/f1 ratio increases from 1.0 to about 1.20, and then decreases as the f2/f1 ratio increases above 1.20, showing an amplitude ratio function, which is thought to be related to cochlear filtering properties. Different lower sideband DPOAEs are believed to show the same amplitude ratio functions as the 2f1-f2 DPOAE, with a magnitude peak situated at a constant DPOAE frequency relative to f2. More recently, several studies have suggested the involvement of a DPOAE component coming from its own distortion product place as well as the DPOAE component coming from the f2 place. To investigate DPOAE generation sites and the importance of the DPOAE frequency place, amplitude ratio functions of 2f1-f2, 3f1-2f2, 4f1-3f2 and 2f2-f1, 3f2-2f1, 4f2-3f1 DPOAE components have been systematically studied in 18 normally hearing subjects, using an f2 fixed, f1 sweep method, and an f1 fixed, f2 sweep method, at ten different f2 frequencies. Results show a dependency of the distortion magnitude peak on f2 frequency for each lower sideband DPOAE, and a small frequency shift of the distortion peak for the high order lower sideband DPOAE components. Strong correlation between the different lower sideband DPOAE amplitude were obtained, whether they were recorded with the same f1 (and a different f2) or with the same f2 (and a different f1), suggesting that lower side-band DPOAE amplitude does not depend on small variations in the f2 frequency. Moreover, correlations between DPOAE amplitude and tone-burst evoked otoacoustic emissions (TBOAEs) are highly significant for TBOAEs centered at the f2 frequency and at 1/2 octave below the f2 frequency, suggesting some degree of importance of the cochlear status at frequencies below f2 in DPOAE amplitude. Subjects presenting spontaneous otoacoustic emissions showed a greater lower sideband DPOAE amplitude recorded for low f2/f1 ratios, and a distortion magnitude peak shifted towards higher frequencies. The best correlation between upper sideband DPOAE amplitude and lower sideband DPOAE amplitude occurred for lower sideband DPOAEs generated by an f2 frequency 1/2 octave to 1 octave below the primaries used to generate upper sideband DPOAEs, suggesting a site of generation basal to f2 for the upper sideband DPOAEs. Correlations between TBOAE amplitude and upper sideband DPOAE amplitude agreed with a site of upper sideband DPOAE generation basal to f2, and which would move with the DPOAE frequency itself.     

On the power from phonon fluorescence in superconductors

A vibronic sideband spectrometer is used to detect phonons generated from phonon fluorescence in superconductors. Although previously projected phonon powers are just within the minimum detectivity, no sideband signals were observed. An interpretation of this result is given.     

Strong Squeezing of Duffing Oscillator in a Highly Dissipative Optomechanical Cavity System

In the conventional scheme of generating strong mechanical squeezing by the joint effect between mechanical parametric amplification and sideband cooling, the resolved sideband condition is required so as to overcome the quantum backaction heating. In the unresolved sideband regime, to suppress the quantum backaction, a χ⁽²⁾ nonlinear medium is introduced to the cavity. The result shows that the quantum backaction heating effect caused by unwanted counter-rotating term can be completely removed. Hence, the strong mechanical squeezing can be obtained even for the system far from the resolved-sideband regime.     

Simultaneous Acquisition of Quadrupolar Order and Double-QuantumNa Signals

Na⁺with both residual quadrupolar coupling and biexponential relaxation contributes to the signal acquired from DQF-4, while only Na⁺with residual quadrupolar coupling contributes to the signal acquired with the Jeener–Broekaert sequence. Since RF phases and flip angles for DQF-4 and Jeener-Broekaert sequences are identical, these different types of signals can be generated simultaneously. A phase-cycling scheme is developed to differentiate the signals corresponding to residual quadrupolar coupling and biexponential relaxation after the signals are acquired by use of the same RF sequences. This technique can maximize the attainable information from Na⁺in biological tissues in a given acquisition time.     

Sideband manipulation of population inversion in a three-level Λ atomic system

Sideband manipulation of population inversion in a three-level A atomic configuration is investigated theoretically. Compared with the case of a nearly monochromatic field, a population inversion between an excited state and a ground state has been found in a wide sideband intensity range by increasing the difference in frequency between three components. Furthermore, the population inversion can be controlled by the sum of the relative phases of the sideband components of the trichromatic pump field with respective to the phase of the central component. Changing the sum phase from 0 to π, the population inversion between the excited state and the ground state can increase within nearly half of the sideband intensity range. At the same time, the sideband intensity range that corresponds to the system exhibiting inversion ρ00 〉 ρ11 also becomes wider evidently.     

Dispersion Robustness of Millimeter Waves Generated by Up-Conversion Strategies

Abstract

The performance degradation caused by transmission along dispersive single-mode fibers of optically generated millimeter-wave signals using up-conversion is theoretically assessed and validated by numerical simulation. Up-conversion techniques based on optical double sideband, optical single sideband, and optical carrier suppression are considered. The generation of 60 GHz by frequency tripling using the optical single sideband is shown to be particularly tolerant to the fiber dispersion. The practical imbalance of Mach-Zehnder modulators is taken into account for optical carrier suppression modulation, where the finite extinction ratio is found to increase tolerance to fiber dispersion.     

Combined Microwave and High-Frequency Modulation of the Injection Current of a Diode Laser for Mutiple-Frequency Excitation of CPT-Resonances

Russian Physics Journal - The diode laser oscillating modes are identified at which a resolved HF-structure is registered at every sideband, and an equality of the intensities of the sideband...     

Optically-driven cooling for collective atomic excitations

We explore how to cool collective atomic excitations in an optically-driven three-level atomic ensemble, which may be described by a model of two coupled harmonic oscillators (HOs) with a time-dependent coupling. Moreover, the model of two coupled HOs is further generalized to address the resolved sideband cooling issues, where the lower-frequency HO can be cooled whenever the cooling process dominates over the heating one during the sideband transitions. Unusually, due to the absence of the heating process, the optimal result for cooling collective excitations in an atomic ensemble could break the standard resolved sideband cooling limit for general models of two coupled HOs.     

Spectral sideband distribution asymmetry in fiber laser

A ring fiber laser with SESAM mode-locking mechanism is constructed. The spectral sideband distribution asymmetry of solitons is observed in the fiber laser. There are different order sidebands distributed in two edges of the soliton spectrum. Through experimentally studying the effect of the different gain media lengths on the mode-locked solitons, it is found that the spectral sideband asymmetry occurs at the long wavelength band of erbium-doped fiber (EDF) gain profile. The origin of sideband asymmetry is owing to the secondary amplification gain profile of EDF, which is pumped by the first gain peak at 1530 nm. Furthermore, an extra in-line polarizer is imported in the cavity for studying the effect of the polarization bias on sidebands. It is found that the polarization bias in the cavity is an important control method to adjust the power and generate the spectral sidebands. However, the polarization bias does not decide the generation of spectral sideband distribution asymmetry.     

The application of phase rotation for localized in Vivo proton spectroscopy with short echo times

Single voxel localization techniques like STEAM or PRESS lead to the generation of unwanted signals, which must be destroyed by spoiling gradients. The duration of these gradients and the eddy currents they produce lead to comparatively long echo times on standard whole-body systems. This paper reports a way to observe the proper spectrum in the presence of large spurious signals. The method uses a phase-cycling scheme which separates all different signal contributions by two-dimensional Fourier transformation. Localized proton spectra from the human brain with echo times of 20 ms using the PRESS localization technique could be acquired on a 2 T whole-body system. Metabolites with short T₂ relaxation times like glutamate or inositol are observed.     

One-magnon luminescence sidebands of the excitonic transition in MnF2

We report the first observation of the π-polarized one-magnon excitonic luminescence sideband in MnF₂. The theory of Loudon is used to fit the experimental spectrum quantitatively. An effective temperature of the crystal is deduced from the simultaneously observed antiStokes sideband emission.     

Single sideband imaging in high-resolution electron microscopy

More then 20 years ago, Hanßen and Morgenstern [1] described the case of single sideband imaging in electron microscopy. Single sideband imaging allows to correct artifacts in the imaging process due to spherical aberration and defocus and to reconstruct the electron wave function at the exit surface of the sample from experimental micrographs. In the present work, optimized imaging parameters allowed us to obtain new experimental results, thus confirming the resolution limit of single sideband imaging (0.13 nm) to be close to the information limit of a JEOL 4000EX microscope. Furthermore, the reconstructed exit surface wave functions were throuroughly checked by using them to calculate a focus series, which was compared with an experimental focus series.     

Demonstration of fully-connected quantum communication network exploiting entangled sideband modes

Quantum communication network scales point-to-point quantum communication protocols to more than two detached parties, which would permit a wide variety of quantum communication applications. Here, we demonstrate a fully-connected quantum communication network, exploiting three pairs of Einstein−Podolsky−Rosen (EPR) entangled sideband modes, with high degree entanglement of 8.0 dB, 7.6 dB, and 7.2 dB. Each sideband modes from a squeezed field are spatially separated by demultiplexing operation, then recombining into new group according to network requirement. Each group of sideband modes are distributed to one of the parties via a single physical path, making sure each pair of parties build their own private communication links with high channel capacity better than any classical scheme.