乳腺癌易感基因蛋白质网络的构建与研究

本文从复杂网络理论出发,在分析原有乳腺癌易感基因数据的基础上,综合统计分析易感基因彼此之间的关联与乳腺癌疾病之间的关系,并以此构建乳腺癌致病基因蛋白质网络．通过计算和研究网络度,聚类系数等指标发现,此网络具有高度聚集性,即少数核心节点控制着整个网络结构的稳定性．这将为进一步研究和发现乳腺癌致病基因提供新的理论依据和方法．     

互联网环境下消费信贷行为研究

采用结构方程建模方法,实证分析了感知易用性、感知有用性、感知风险、信用卡效应及使用的态度与互联网环境下消费者使用信用卡支付的意愿之间的作用路径关系,从而建立了互联网环境下消费信贷行为影响因素的概念模型．研究表明,除感知风险与使用的意愿之间存在负相关关系外,其余四个因素与使用的意愿之间均存在正相关关系,其中使用的态度对使用的意愿的影响最大．     

Centrality,dominance, and interorganizational power in a network structure: Interlocking directorates among American railroads, 1886–1905

Contrary to the prevailing theory that assumes a positive relationship between an organization's structural centrality and its relational power, our analysis of the interlocking structure of major American railroad companies from 1886 to 1905 reveals that an organization's dominance within a latent class of directors is a structural variable that is more closely related to interorganizational power than overall centrality. Moreover, in one of the first longitudinal analysis of an interlocking directorate structure, we find that changes in dominance within a latent class and changes in interorganizational power are associated not only cross‐sectionally, but over time. We conclude that, while network centrality may be related to interorganizational power within a singular, monotonically hierarchical structure, in the highly clustered, or Balkanized, system like that of the American railroad system around the turn of the century, the relationship between centrality and interorganizational power dissolves. The primary theoretical implication is that the relationship between a structural variable like centrality and a power relation variable like interorganizational power is therefore a contingent relationship rather than a determinant one.     

Measuring centrality by a generalization of degree

Network analysis has emerged as a key technique in communication studies, economics, geography, history and sociology, among others. A fundamental issue is how to identify key nodes, for which purpose a number of centrality measures have been developed. This paper proposes a new parametric family of centrality measures called generalized degree. It is based on the idea that a relationship to a more interconnected node contributes to centrality in a greater extent than a connection to a less central one. Generalized degree improves on degree by redistributing its sum over the network with the consideration of the global structure. Application of the measure is supported by a set of basic properties. A sufficient condition is given for generalized degree to be rank monotonic, excluding counter-intuitive changes in the centrality ranking after certain modifications of the network. The measure has a graph interpretation and can be calculated iteratively. Generalized degree is recommended to apply besides degree since it preserves most favourable attributes of degree, but better reflects the role of the nodes in the network and has an increased ability to distinguish among their importance.     

基于风险网络结构的资产分配策略研究

股票市场是一个高风险市场,如何在频繁发生的极端波动环境下进行有效的资产分配是当前热点问题。本文首次应用VaR模型构建股市风险网络,并基于风险网络模型进行最优投资组合成分选择,分析不同市场波动行情下最优资产分配权重和股票中心性的时变关系,融合风险网络时变中心性和个股表现提出新的动态资产分配策略(φ投资策略)。结果表明:在股市上涨和震荡期,股票中心性和最优投资组合权重呈正相关关系;股市下跌期,股票中心性和最优投资组合权重呈负相关关系;当φ>0.05时,投资者的合理投资区域向高中心性节点移动,反之。φ投资策略的绩效表现证明了风险网络结构能提高投资组合选择过程。此研究对于优化资产配置、提高投资收益、多元化分散投资风险具有重要意义。     

社会化媒体对品牌偏好的影响研究:基于顾客感知价值的视角

本文结合社会化媒体购物新模式的特征,依据消费者需求和行为影响理论,重构了顾客感知价值维度。在上述基础上,提出社会化媒体对品牌偏好的影响理论模型,并利用层级回归方法,对新网络购物环境下的顾客感知价值和品牌偏好间的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,顾客感知社交价值、质量价值、服务价值、形象价值和利他价值正向影响品牌偏好的形成,而经济价值对品牌偏好的影响并不显著;社会化媒体信息质量在不同的感知价值与品牌偏好之间起着不同程度的调节作用。最后,结合相关结论提出了相应的营销管理建议。     

The interpersonal diffusion mechanism of unethical behavior in groups: a social network perspective

Previous studies examining the impact of the unethical behavior of a group of colleagues on an individuals unethical behavior have typically employed social learning theory as a theoretical foundation. In this research, we extend these rich yet defective examinations by addressing the largely ignored relationship perspective. Drawing on the social network perspective, we posit that the structure of relationships significantly influences the process of unethical behavior diffusion. Consistent with the theoretically derived hypotheses, our agent-based model simulation results provide general support for our theoretical model: colleagues unethical behaviors positively affect an individuals unethical behaviors, and this influence is positively moderated by group network density, group network closeness centrality and group size. This paper also discusses theoretical contributions, practical values, limitations and directions for future research.     

基于期望视角的感知服务质量与顾客满意度区别研究

从期望出发,比较顾客视角的感知服务质量与满意度的区别。首先对期望概念进行明确界定,借鉴卡诺模型分类方法划分期望类别,基于重要性维度得到期望的三个类别:核心属性期望、重要属性期望和附加属性期望。以餐饮行业为实证研究背景,比较期望视角下的顾客满意度和感知服务质量的区别。发现核心属性期望、重要属性期望对顾客的服务质量评价影响更大,而附加属性期望对顾客的满意度评价影响更大。最后,给出企业对顾客期望、服务质量与顾客满意度的管理意义。     

Informal Networks and Resistance to Organizational Change: The Introduction of Quality Standards in a Transport Company

In this paper we investigate the association between resistance to the introduction of ISO quality standards in a transport company and three effects of the informal advice and trust networks in the organization. The analysis includes four prevailing explanations from the literature on organizational resistance: job satisfaction, perceived legitimacy, unit grouping and decision making authority. The network effects we propose are: (a) a contagion effect, which predicts that members with the same opinion tend to have close or equal trust and advice relations; (b) a prominence effect, which predicts that prominent actors in the trust network show less resistance than other members—and that prominent members of the advice network show more resistance than less prominent actors; (c) a role equivalence effect, which predicts that members with the same patterns of combined trust/advice relations show the same resistance. The paper presents the operationalization and measurement of the variables and the results of three analyses to test the effects. Contagion of resistance appears to be very significant in the trust network. Resistance gradually erodes in the trust network when moving from management to employees. Members who are trusted in the transport company are significantly less resistant to the introduction of the quality standards than members who are not especially trusted. This network effect is controlled for the significant effects of job satisfaction and perceived legitimacy. The role equivalence structure of the combined trust/advice network does not explain the resistance. We conclude that informal networks have important effects on resistance to the proposed changes in the transport company. The case study shows how network analysis can be used to empirically test for effects of social relations in organizations.     

股指极端波动下中国股市复杂网络结构及中心性分析

基于复杂网络理论,以2015年、2008年国内两次股灾为背景,分别构建股灾发生前、中、后的中国股市网络,通过度、度分布、平均路径长度等基本拓扑指标,分析中国股市网络特性及网络结构的变化,综合利用度中心性、介数中心性及接近度中心性,筛选出各时期网络中的核心股票、核心行业并分析其变化情况,基于网络特征向量中心性分析股市的系统性风险及变化情况,通过仿真实验分析股市网络的鲁棒性。研究表明:两次股灾背景下的中国股市复杂网络均具有小世界性和无标度性;与2008年国际金融危机相比,2015年国内股灾对中国股市的影响强度更大,且2015年中国股市对金融风险的弹性更大;股灾期间各行业版块具有明显的风险传染性,指出各行业板块对稳定股市、修复股指的作用;股指极端波动时,股灾的外生冲击会使股市的系统性风险加大,与2015年国内股灾时期相比,2008年国际金融危机时期的股市系统性风险更大;中国股市网络对随机攻击具有一定鲁棒性,但对蓄意攻击具有脆弱性,股灾的外生冲击会降低中国股市网络的鲁棒性。研究为把握股市极端波动风险下的市场结构特征、股市风险管理提供了参考。     

On a matrix-based measure of the degree of coreness of a node in a network

The paper focuses on the right and left eigenvectors of a network matrix that belong to the largest eigenvalue. It is shown that each of vector entries measures the walk centrality of the corresponding node’s position in the network’s link structure and of the positions of the node’s adjacent nodes; as a result, it indicates to which degree the node can be associated with the structure’s core, i.e., the structural coreness of the node. The relationship between the vectors’ coordinates and the position of the nodes, as well as the actual computation of the coordinates, is based on an iterative computational scheme known as the power method. The paper studies the method’s convergence for networks of different structure. Some possible applications are discussed. The paper also includes a numerical example dealing with a real network of 197 nodes and 780 links.     

基于社会网络分析的评价模型研究

本文的主要工作是通过社会网络分析法构建评价模型解决多属性决策问题。首先,根据评价对象的指标数据信息构造单个评价指标的关系矩阵;然后,将所有单个指标的关系矩阵进行合成,构造综合所有评价指标数据信息的总关系矩阵;最后,利用总关系矩阵计算评价对象的中心性,并根据中心性大小确定评价对象的评价结果和排序。本文还以辽宁省人的全面发展评价为例进行了实证,实证过程验证了评价模型的有效性。本文的主要创新与特色是利用社会网络分析可以确定元素之间关系的特点,通过评价指标的数据构造评价指标的关系矩阵,反映了指标数据的大小关系,在不需要计算指标权重和指标打分的情况下,通过对总关系矩阵的中心性分析确定出评价对象的排序关系,解决了多属性决策问题。     

心理契约对目标绩效的影响研究:以工作满意为中介变量

构建了施工项目团队成员心理契约对目标绩效影响的结构模型,用交易型、关系型、管理型心理契约来衡量施工项目团队成员心理契约,用任务绩效、关系绩效来衡量目标绩效,把工作满意作为中介变量,运用结构方程模型的方法,分析结果表明:施工项目团队成员心理契约由交易型、关系型和管理型心理契约构成;工作满意对施工项目团队成员心理契约(交易型、关系型、管理型)满足程度与施工项目关系绩效的关系具有完全中介作用等结论。     

Modeling centrality measures in social network analysis using bi-criteria network flow optimization problems

Centrality measures play an important role in the field of network analysis. In the particular case of social networks, the flow represents the way in which information passes through the network nodes. Freeman et al. (1991) were the first authors to relate centrality measures to network flow optimization problems in terms of betweenness, closeness, and the influence of one node over another one. Such measures are single dimensional and, in general, they amalgamate several heterogeneous dimensions into a single one, which is not suitable for dealing with most real-world problems. In this paper we extend the betweenness centrality measure (or concept) to take into account explicitly several dimensions (criteria). A new closeness centrality measure is defined to deal not only with the maximum flow between every ordered pair of nodes, but also with the cost associated with communications. We shall show how the classical measures can be enhanced when the problem is modeled as a bi-criteria network flow optimization problem.     

变革型领导与团队成员工作态度:基于多层线性模型的研究

本研究探讨团队层面变革型领导与成员团队满意度、团队认同之间的关系,考察团队学习的中介作用,以及影响变革型领导和团队学习关系的权变因素。采用问卷调查方式对某省通讯运营商的85个客服团队进行调查。采用多层线性模型(Hierarchical Linear Modeling)对团队变革型领导、团队学习、团队满意度、团队认同之间的关系进行分析。结果表明,团队学习对团队领导的变革型领导行为与员工工作态度的关系具有一定的中介作用。团队成员工作技能在变革型领导和团队学习间起调节作用。     

Organizations and Complexity: Searching for the Edge of Chaos

Traditional organizational theory advocates increased differentiation and horizontal integration for organizations in unstable environments or with uncertain technologies. This paper seeks to develop a better understanding of the relationship of group structure and the level of interdependency between individuals on group performance under various task complexities. Complexity theory in general, and NK models in particular, are introduced as theoretical frameworks that offer an explanation for group performance. Simulation models are developed, based on the communication network research of Bavelas (1948) and Leavitt (1952), to explore the effects of decentralization and interdependence. The simulation model developed here shows general consistency with previous human subject experiments. However, contrary to predictions, not all decentralized group structures perform well when undertaking complex task assignments. Structures that are highly connected (actors communicating with all others) perform much worse than those with a lower level of connection. Further experiments varying both the number of actors and the degree of interdependence between them find evidence of the edge of chaos. This research advances our understanding of organizations beyond earlier models by suggesting that there is an optimal range of interconnectedness between actors or tasks that explains the variation in performance. An intriguing result is that this optimal level of interdependence is fairly low, regardless of the size of the group.     

The economic effect of interlocking directorates in Italy: new evidence using centrality measures

We use measures of vertex centrality to examine interlocking directorates and their economic effects in Italy. We employ centrality measures like degree, eigenvector centrality, betweenness, and flow betweenness, along with the clustering coefficient. We document the existence of a negative relationship between both degree and eigenvector centrality and firm value. Betweenness and flow betweenness, on the other hand, are not associated with lower firm valuations. We argue that these differences derive from the different properties of these measures: while degree and eigenvector centrality measures the influence and the power of the connections, betweenness and flow betweenness are proxies for the volume of information that passes between the nodes. This result is robust with respect to the use of both stock market and operating performance measures, as well as several controlling variables.     

“21世纪海上丝绸之路”沿线港口地位综合评价

本文基于复杂网络节点重要性分析方法,从海运网络分析的视角对“21世纪海上丝绸之路”沿线港口参与“一带一路”建设的地位进行评价。在收集海上丝绸之路沿线102个港口实际数据的基础上,构建海上丝绸之路海运网络拓扑结构图。通过对网络中港口节点的度中心性、接近中心性、中介中心性、特征向量中心性指标进行计算,结合熵权TOPSIS法综合得到港口地位的排序。结果表明新加坡港、上海港、巴生港在网络中具有很高的地位,且现有的复杂网络节点重要性排序方法存在局限,基于熵权TOPSIS法的综合评价得到的港口排序更符合实际发展需求。最后运用节点删除法对排序结果进一步分析,为中国港口参与“一带一路”建设提供参考与建议。     

诺贝尔物理学奖得主知识交流网络结构研究

将诺贝尔物理学奖得主作为结点，在有知识交流的两位得主间添加一条连接，由此得到诺贝尔物理学奖得主知识交流网络。本文对此网络的结构特征进行研究，结果表明该网络的结构具有一般社会网络共有的Seale-free、度协调、负相关特征，而直径较一般社会网络大，聚集系数则明显较小。     

组织气氛对团队有效性影响机制的实证分析

本研究以10家高科技组织中的48个工作团队作为研究对象,通过文献研究、问卷调查,利用SPSS11.0软件进行多元回归统计分析,研究了组织气氛中的创新、公平、支持、人际关系和员工身份认同等五个维度对团队有效性的影响作用,研究结果表明不同的组织气氛维度对团队的绩效、团队工作成员的满意度以及团队承诺具有不同的影响,同时,团队组织气氛通过团队群体效能感这个中介变量对团队的有效性产生影响作用。