The asymptotic behavior of the solutions of the Cauchy problem generated by -accretive operators

The purpose of this paper is to study the asymptotic behavior of the solutions of certain type of differential inclusions posed in Banach spaces. In particular, we obtain the abstract result on the asymptotic behavior of the solution of the boundary value problem

where Ω is a bounded open domain in with smooth boundary ∂Ω, f(t,x) is a given L¹-function on ]0,∞[×Ω, γ1 and 1p<∞. Δ_p represents the p-Laplacian operator, is the associated Neumann boundary operator and β a maximal monotone graph in with 0β(0).     

Christoffel-type functions for -orthogonal polynomials for Freud weights

This paper gives upper and lower bounds of the Christoffel-type functions , for the m-orthogonal polynomials for a Freud weight W=e^-Q, which are given as follows. Let a_n=a_n(Q) be the nth Mhaskar–Rahmanov–Saff number, φ_n(x)=max{n^-2/3,1-|x|/a_n}, and d>0. Assume that QC(R) is even, , and for some A,B>1

Then for xR

and for |x|a_n(1+dn^-2/3)

     

Entropy numbers of Sobolev embeddings of radial Besov spaces

Let be the radial subspace of the Besov space . We prove the independence of the asymptotic behavior of the entropy numbers

from the difference s₀−s₁ as long as the embedding itself is compact. In fact, we shall show that

This is in a certain contrast to earlier results on entropy numbers in the context of Besov spaces B_p,q^s(Ω) on bounded domains Ω.     

A general Choquet–Deny theorem for nilpotent groups

Let G be a locally compact second countable nilpotent group. Let μ be a probability measure on the Borel sets of G. We prove that any bounded continuous function h on G solution of the convolution equation

verifies h(gx)=h(g) for all (g,x)G×suppμ.     

Free resolutions in multivariable operator theory

Let be the complex polynomial ring in d variables. A contractive -module is Hilbert space equipped with an action such that for any ,

||z₁ξ₁+z₂ξ++z_dξ_d||²||ξ₁||²+||ξ₂||²++||ξ_d||².

Such objects have been shown to be useful for modeling d-tuples of mutually commuting operators acting on a Hilbert space. There is a subclass of the category of contractive modules whose members play the role of free objects. Given a contractive -module, one can construct a free resolution, i.e. an exact sequence of partial isometries of the following form:

(*)

where is a free module for each i0. The notion of a localization of a free resolution will be defined, in which for each λB_d there is a vector space complex of linear maps derived from (*):

We shall show that the homology of this complex is isomorphic to the homology of the Koszul complex of the d-tuple (¹,²,…,^d), of where ⁱ is the ith coordinate function of a Möbius transform on B_d such that (λ)=0.     

RELATIONS BETWEEN PACKING PREMEASURE AND MEASURE ON METRIC SPACE

Let X be a metric space andμa finite Borel measure on X. Let pμq,t and pμq,t be the packing premeasure and the packing measure on X, respectively, defined by the gauge (μB(x,r))q(2r)t, where q, t∈R. For any compact set E of finite packing premeasure the authors prove: (1) if q≤0 then pμq,t(E)=pμq,t(E);(2)if q>0 andμis doubling on E then pμq,t(E) and pμq,t(E) are both zero or neither.     

Uniform packing dimension results for multiparameter stable processes

In this article, authors discuss the problem of uniform packing dimension of the image set of multiparameter stochastic processes without random uniform H(o)lder condition, and obtain the uniform packing dimension of multiparameter stable processes.If Z is a stable (N, d, α)-process and αN ≤ d, then the following holds with probability 1 Dim Z(E) = α DimE for any Borel setE ∈ B(R N),where Z(E) = {x: (E) t ∈ E, Z(t) = x}. Dim(E) denotes the packing dimension of E.     

BV solutions to a degenerate parabolic equation for image denoising

In this article, the authors consider equation ut = div(ψ(Гu)A(|Du|2)Du) -(u- I), where ψ is strictly positive and Г is a known vector-valued mapping, A: R → R is decreasing and A(s) ～ 1/√a as s → ∞. This kind of equation arises naturally from image denoising. For an initial datum I ∈ BVloc ∩ L∞, the existence of BV solutions to the initial value problem of the equation is obtained.     

Sharp bounds for the first non-zero Stekloff eigenvalues

Let (M,,) be an n(2)-dimensional compact Riemannian manifold with boundary and non-negative Ricci curvature. Consider the following two Stekloff eigenvalue problems

where Δ is the Laplacian operator on M and ν denotes the outward unit normal on ∂M. The first non-zero eigenvalues of the above problems will be denoted by p₁ and q₁, respectively. In the present paper, we prove that if the principle curvatures of the second fundamental form of ∂M are bounded below by a positive constant c, then with equality holding if and only if Ω is isometric to an n-dimensional Euclidean ball of radius , here λ₁ denotes the first non-zero eigenvalue of the Laplacian of ∂M. We also show that if the mean curvature of ∂M is bounded below by a positive constant c then q₁nc with equality holding if and only if M is isometric to an n-dimensional Euclidean ball of radius . Finally, we show that q₁A/V and that if the equality holds and if there is a point x₀∂M such that the mean curvature of ∂M at x₀ is no less than A/{nV}, then M is isometric to an n-dimensional Euclidean ball, being A and V the area of ∂M and the volume of M, respectively.     

Biharmonic equations with asymptotically linear nonlinearities

This article considers the equation △2u = f(x, u)with boundary conditions either u|(a)Ω = (a)u/(a)n|(a)Ω = 0 or u|(a)Ω = △u|(a)Ω = 0, where f(x,t) is asymptotically linear with respect to t at infinity, and Ω is a smooth bounded domain in RN, N ＞ 4. By a variant version of Mountain Pass Theorem, it is proved that the above problems have a nontrivial solution under suitable assumptions of f(x, t).     

Dissecting the Stanley partition function

Let p(n) denote the number of unrestricted partitions of n. For i=0, 2, let p_i(n) denote the number of partitions π of n such that . Here denotes the number of odd parts of the partition π and π^′ is the conjugate of π. Stanley [Amer. Math. Monthly 109 (2002) 760; Adv. Appl. Math., to appear] derived an infinite product representation for the generating function of p₀(n)-p₂(n). Recently, Swisher [The Andrews–Stanley partition function and p(n), preprint, submitted for publication] employed the circle method to show that

(i)

and that for sufficiently large n

(ii)

In this paper we study the even/odd dissection of the Stanley product, and show how to use it to prove (i) and (ii) with no restriction on n. Moreover, we establish the following new result:

Two proofs of this surprising inequality are given. The first one uses the Göllnitz–Gordon partition theorem. The second one is an immediate corollary of a new partition inequality, which we prove in a combinatorial manner. Our methods are elementary. We use only Jacobi's triple product identity and some naive upper bound estimates.     

Lower bounds for the merit factors of trigonometric polynomials from Littlewood classes

With the notation ,

we prove the following result.Theorem 1. Assume that p is a trigonometric polynomial of degree at most n with real coefficients that satisfies

||p||_L2(K)An^1/2 and ||p′||_L2(K)Bn^3/2.

Then

M₄(p)−M₂(p)M₂(p)

with

We also prove that

and

M₂(p)−M₁(p)10⁻³¹M₂(p)

for every , where denotes the collection of all trigonometric polynomials of the form

     

Characterizations of spaces in the unit ball of

Let B denote the unit ball of . For 0<p<∞, the holomorphic function spaces Q_p and Q_p,0 on the unit ball of are defined as

and

In this paper, we give some derivative-free, mixture and oscillation characterizations for Q_p and Q_p,0 spaces in the unit ball of .     

Hardy–Sobolev critical elliptic equations with boundary singularities

Unlike the non-singular case s=0, or the case when 0 belongs to the interior of a domain Ω in (n3), we show that the value and the attainability of the best Hardy–Sobolev constant on a smooth domain Ω,

when 0<s<2, , and when 0 is on the boundary ∂Ω are closely related to the properties of the curvature of ∂Ω at 0. These conditions on the curvature are also relevant to the study of elliptic partial differential equations with singular potentials of the form:

where f is a lower order perturbative term at infinity and f(x,0)=0. We show that the positivity of the sectional curvature at 0 is relevant when dealing with Dirichlet boundary conditions, while the Neumann problems seem to require the positivity of the mean curvature at 0.     

Bounds on margin distributions in learning problems

Let be a probability space and let P_n be the empirical measure based on i.i.d. sample (X₁,…,X_n) from P. Let be a class of measurable real valued functions on For define F_f(t):=P{ft} and F_n,f(t):=P_n{ft}. Given γ(0,1], define _n,γ(δ):=1/(n^1−γ/2δ^γ). We show that if the L₂(P_n)-entropy of the class grows as ^−α for some α(0,2), then, for all and all δ(0,Δ_n), Δ_n=O(n^1/2),

and

where and c(σ)↓1 as σ↓0 (the above inequalities hold for any fixed σ(0,1] with a high probability). Also, define

Then for all

uniformly in and with probability 1 (for the above ratio is bounded away from 0 and from ∞). The results are motivated by recent developments in machine learning, where they are used to bound the generalization error of learning algorithms. We also prove some more general results of similar nature, show the sharpness of the conditions and discuss the applications in learning theory.     

Existence of multiple positive solutions for nonlinear m-point boundary-value problems

In this paper, we afford some sufficient conditions to guarantee the existence of multiple positive solutions for the nonlinear m-point boundary-value problem for the one-dimensional p-Laplacian

(φ_p(u^′))^′+f(t,u)=0, t(0,1),

     

Blow-up analysis for a system of heat equations with nonlinear flux which obey different laws

We consider a system of heat equations u_t=Δu and v_t=Δv in Ω×(0,T) completely coupled by nonlinear boundary conditions

We prove that the solutions always blow up in finite time for non-zero and non-negative initial values. Also, the blow-up only occurs on ∂Ω with

for p,q>0, 0≤α<1 and 0≤β<p.     

A Chebyshev Set and its Distance Function

We prove that in a Banach space X with rotund dual X^* a Chebyshev set C is convex iff the distance function d_C is regular on X\C iff d_C admits the strict and Gâteaux derivatives on X\C which are determined by the subdifferential ∂x−

Full-size image

x" height="11" width="10"> for each xX\C and

Full-size image

x" height="11" width="10">P_C(x)\{cC:x−c=d_C(x)}. If X is a reflexive Banach space with smooth and Kadec norm then C is convex iff it is weakly closed iff P_C is continuous. If the norms of X and X^* are Fréchet differentiable then C is convex iff d_C is Fréchet differentiable on X\C. If also X has a uniformly Gâteaux differentiable norm then C is convex iff the Gâteaux (Fréchet) subdifferential ∂⁻d_C(x) (∂_Fd_C(x)) is nonempty on X\C.     

Curves of positive solutions of boundary value problems on time-scales

Let TR be a time-scale, with a=infT, b=supT. We consider the nonlinear boundary value problem

(2)

(4)

u(a)=u(b)=0,