温度和缓冲溶液对胶束电动毛细管色谱的迁移时间窗口的影响

以电渗淌度、胶束电泳淌度和淌度比这3个参数为考察对象,研究了毛细管温度、缓冲溶液种类和浓度对胶束电动毛细管色谱的迁移时间窗口的影响。电渗淌度和胶束电泳淌度均随毛细管温度的升高线性的增加,粘度是这一影响中的主要因素。理论上证明了管壁表面的局部粘度与主体粘度不同。当温度变化时,电渗淌度和胶束电泳淌度的变化幅度不同。降低温度可以扩展迁移时间窗口,虽然扩展幅度较小,但在商品化仪器上易于实现。推导出能统一描述电渗淌度和胶束电泳淌度与缓冲溶液浓度间的关系式。     

高效毛细管电泳分离中的化学平衡

在高效毛细管电泳（ＨＰＣＥ）中缓冲对分离有重要影响，缓冲中的化学平衡决定了待测组分的存在状态或形态，从而决定了组分的电泳尚度，淌度的差异是ＨＰＣＥ分离之基础，因此，溶液化学平衡在ＨＰＣＥ分离中起着重要作用，本文综述了电泳淌度，ＨＰＣＥ分离与化学平衡的关系，并要介绍了电泳淌度与酸碱平衡，络合平衡的关系，从化学平衡的角度，讨论了酸碱性化合物，金属离子，对映异构体等几大类化合物的ＨＰＣＥ分离。     

振荡法制备的聚多巴胺涂层的抗污染性能研究

抗生物吸附表面具有广泛的应用前景。本文中经振荡法制备的聚多巴胺涂层表现出良好的抗生物吸附性能。研究发现,经振荡法生成的聚多巴胺涂层具有小于15°的接触角,表现出超亲水性。以牛血清蛋白为模型蛋白质和以大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌为模型细菌,研究发现,该聚多巴胺涂层表现出良好的抗牛血清蛋白吸附和抗大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌吸附的性能。总体而言,该方法简便易行,所制备的聚多巴胺涂层具有良好的抗生物污染性能。     

振荡法制备的聚多巴胺涂层的抗污染性能研究

抗生物吸附表面具有广泛的应用前景。本文中经振荡法制备的聚多巴胺涂层表现出良好的抗生物吸附性能。研究发现,经振荡法生成的聚多巴胺涂层具有小于15°的接触角,表现出超亲水性。以牛血清蛋白为模型蛋白质和以大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌为模型细菌,研究发现,该聚多巴胺涂层表现出良好的抗牛血清蛋白吸附和抗大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌吸附的性能。总体而言,该方法简便易行,所制备的聚多巴胺涂层具有良好的抗生物污染性能。     

微流控芯片上的红细胞电泳淌度研究

以单细胞成像法分别测量了 3组无农药含水质净化剂、有农药无水质净化剂及其有农药有水质净化剂处理后的杂交鲤鱼红细胞在塑料 ( polymethalmethacrylate ,PMMA)微流控芯片上的电泳淌度。其值分别为 1.138× 10 -4、0 .12 79× 10 -4和 - 0 .85 2 0× 10 -4cm2 v-1s-1。从电泳淌度的差别可以看出功夫菊酯和水质条件恶化均可使鲤鱼红细胞表面的电荷密度发生变化 ,从而引起电泳淌度的变化。同时还初步考察了细胞电泳淌度作为参数进行细胞分类的可行性 ,显示这种淌度差别有可能作为细胞分类的一项依据     

毛细管电泳中的电渗及其控制

渗在毛细管电泳中与淌度生容量因子同等重要，它决定或控制电泳的分离模式、分离过程及其分离生现性等。本文对电渗的作用，控制方法进行了系统讨论，并介绍了此方面的研究进展及有关的问题。     

季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂杀菌活性及其与分子结构的关联

季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂杀菌活性及其与分子结构的关联;杀菌作用;大肠杆菌;金黄色葡萄球菌;白色念珠菌     

羟乙基纤维素中毛细管电泳DNA分离特性研究

本实验以羟乙基纤维素(HEC)为筛分介质,以100～1500 bp DNA ladder为分离对象,系统地研究了直流电场下毛细管电泳时DNA分离特性.论文考察了DNA迁移淌度及分离度随HEC溶液浓度和分子量、毛细管两端电场强度(E)、毛细管有效长度(le)及其内径形状、背景电解液(BGE)温度等因素变化规律.研究发现:(1)当筛分介质HEC浓度高于其阈值浓度c*时,HEC分子量越大,相邻DNA片段之间淌度差越大,HEC浓度越高,其迁移淌度越低;(2)对于相邻的DNA片段,le在一定范围内,其分离度随le增大而线性升高;(3)毛细管有效长度一定时,DNA淌度随毛细管侧面积与截面积之比R增大而升高,分离效率提高;(4)BGE温度升高,DNA在筛分介质中扩散效应增强,迁移淌度变大,相邻DNA片段间分离度减小.根据以上结论,在直流电场下毛细管电泳φ×174-Hirc II限制性酶切片段,并实现了其高分离度、快速分离.     

有机改性剂对胶束电动毛细管色谱中电渗和电泳迁移的影响

考察了尿素，二氧六环，甲醇和四氢呋喃等四种有机改性剂对胶束电动毛细管色谱中电渗淌度，十二烷基硫酸钠胶束电泳淌度以及电渗和胶事的淌度比的影响。结果表明：电渗淌度的ＳＤＳ胶束电泳淌度随要肌改性剂浓度的增加线性地降低，直线斜率的负值分别表征了有机改性剂对电渗淌度和胶束电泳淌度降低的作用的大小，Ｄｃｏ和Ｄｅｐ，ｍｃ值大小顺序为：尿素〈甲醇〈二氧六环Ｍ〈四氢呋喃；有机改性剂浓度的增加线性地增加淌度比，四种有     

高效毛细管电泳—激光干涉折射法测定多元醇的研究

本文应用高效毛细管电泳、激光干涉折射检测法研究了多元醇在四硼酸钠溶液中电泳行为。详细探讨了溶液ｐＨ值，四硼酸钠浓度及多元醇的结构对多元醇－硼酸配位离子淌度的影响。确定了高效毛细管电泳直接分离、激光干涉检测多元醇的新方法。     

人参对金黄色葡萄球菌的代谢过程促进作用的研究

前文[1]已报导了合成药物对细菌抑制作用的研究．药物抑菌生长的热化学研究是当今热化学法研究的一个活跃领域，Boling[2]、Nordmark[3]等人已做了很有意义的工作．在此基础上，作者对畜养药物促进细菌代谢过程进行了研究，用微量量热仪测定了人参对金黄色葡萄球菌代谢过程起促     

Toward the pathway of S. aureus WTA biosynthesis

Wall teichoic acid (WTA) contributes profoundly to the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus. The successful in vitro reconstitution of poly-ribitolphosphate WTA biosynthesis using recombinant enzymes sheds new light on WTA enzymology and paves the way for developing new antibiotics that target WTA biosynthesis, as discussed in Brown et al. in a recent issue of Chemistry & Biology.     

Novel Small-Molecule Hybrid-Antibacterial Agents against S. aureus and MRSA Strains

Ongoing resistance developments against antibiotics that also affect last-resort antibiotics require novel antibacterial compounds. Strategies to discover such novel structures have been dimerization or hybridization of known antibacterial agents. We found novel antibacterial agents by dimerization of indols and hybridization with carbazoles. They were obtained in a simple one-pot reaction as bisindole tetrahydrocarbazoles. Further oxidation led to bisindole carbazoles with varied substitutions of both the indole and the carbazole scaffold. Both the tetrahydrocarbazoles and the carbazoles have been evaluated in various S. aureus strains, including MRSA strains. Those 5-cyano substituted derivatives showed best activities as determined by MIC values. The tetrahydrocarbazoles partly exceed the activity of the carbazole compounds and thus the activity of the used standard antibiotics. Thus, promising lead compounds could be identified for further studies.     

QSAR and pharmacophore analysis on amides against drug-resistant S. aureus

Considering the worth of developing new antibacterial agents against drug-resistant Stapylococcus aureus, the present study explores the structure-activity relationships analysis of N-(2-hydroxy-4(or 5)-nitro/aminophenyl)benzamide and phenylacetamide derivatives using classical QSAR and 3D-common-feature pharmacophore hypothese approaches. QSAR analysis revealed that the compounds possessing a methylene group between the phenyl and the carboxyamido moiety played a role for decreasing the activity. On the other side, substituent effects on position R1 was found important for the activity and holding a substituent possessing a minimum width property on this position like as alkyl groups enhanced the activity. Moreover, substituting position R3 with a group enhancing the electron-donor capability of the phenolic ring system increased the potency. 3D-common-feature pharmacophore approach considered that the conformational properties of the compounds were important for the activity against drug-resistant S. aureus and compounds possessing a benzamide moiety rather than phenylacetamide structure increased the activity. Furthermore, holding NO2 and OH groups on the phenyl ring attached to the benzamide moiety was important for improving the potency against drug-resistant S. aureus.     

Signal-off Photoelectrochemical Aptasensor for S. aureus Detection Based on Graphite-like Carbon Nitride Decorated with Nickel Oxide

A signal-off photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor was proposed for pathogenic bacteria detection based on graphite-like carbon nitride decorated with NiO. The S. aureus be captured by the specific recognition of DNA aptamer, which was immobilized on the PEC electrode surface according to the specific effect of carboxylic group and NiO. The PEC signal would be obviously suppressed due to the transfer blocking of electron donor to PEC active material surface by steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion. The PEC aptasensor showed excellent specificity and high sensitivity for S. aureus, and this provides simple strategy to construct point-of-care testing aptasensor for bacteria analysis.     

Unraveling the protein targets of vancomycin in living S. aureus and E. faecalis cells

Vancomycin is a potent glycopeptide antibiotic that has evolved to specifically bind to the D-Ala-D-Ala dipeptide termini of nascent peptidoglycans. Although this mode of action is well established, several studies indicate that vancomycin and analogues exploit noncanonical target sites. In order to address all vancomycin targets in clinically relevant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis strains we developed a series of small-molecule photoaffinity probes based on vancomycin. Proteomic profiling revealed the specific labeling of two previously unknown vancomycin targets that are likely to contribute to its antibiotic activity. The specific inhibition of the major staphylococcal autolysin Atl confirms previous observations that vancomycin alters S. aureus cell morphology by interaction with the autolytic machinery. Moreover, in E. faecalis the vancomycin photoprobe specifically binds to an ABC transporter protein, which likely impedes the uptake of essential nutrients such as sugars and peptides. The labeling of these two prominent membrane targets in living cells reveals a thus far unexplored mode of vancomycin binding and inhibition that could allow a rational design of variants with improved activity.     

M. S. Tswett and the 1918 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Summary The general recognition of M. S. Tswett and his achievements are discussed, with special emphasis to his nomination for the 1918 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.     

Petrifilm rapid S. aureus Count Plate method for rapid enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus in selected foods: collaborative study

A rehydratable dry-film plating method for Staphylococcus aureus in foods, the 3M Petrifilm Rapid S. aureus Count Plate method, was compared with AOAC Official Method 975.55 (Staphylococcus aureus in Foods). Nine foods-instant nonfat dried milk, dry seasoned vegetable coating, frozen hash browns, frozen cooked chicken patty, frozen ground raw pork, shredded cheddar cheese, fresh green beans, pasta filled with beef and cheese, and egg custard-were analyzed for S. aureus by 13 collaborating laboratories. For each food tested, the collaborators received 8 blind test samples consisting of a control sample and 3 levels of inoculated test sample, each in duplicate. The mean log counts for the methods were comparable for pasta filled with beef and cheese; frozen hash browns; cooked chicken patty; egg custard; frozen ground raw pork; and instant nonfat dried milk. The repeatability and reproducibility variances of the Petrifilm Rapid S. aureus Count Plate method were similar to those of the standard method.     

取代喹啉类化合物抗菌活性的3D-QSAR研究及分子设计

通过比较分子力场分析方法(Co MFA)研究取代喹啉类化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌活性(p M)的三维定量结构-活性相关(3D-QSAR)。12个化合物建立了预测模型,7个化合物作为验证集(含模板分子)。训练集的Co MFA模型显示立体场、静电场对生物活性贡献依次为49.8%、50.2%。该模型的交叉验证相关系数R2cv=0.650,非交叉验证相关系数R2=0.918,对测试集中的7个化合物的生物活性进行了预测,显示出较强的稳定性和良好的预测能力。通过分析Co MFA三维等势图发现,在取代喹啉类化合物抑菌机理中,R4取代基的强吸电性起主要作用,其次是其他取代基的疏水性作用。应用上述规律进行分子设计,获得了3个在理论上具有较高抑菌活性的新的取代喹啉衍生物,期待实验的验证。     

Galbofloxacin: a xenometal-antibiotic with potent in vitro and in vivo efficacy against S. aureus

Siderophore-antibiotic drug conjugates are considered potent tools to deliver and potentiate the antibacterial activity of antibiotics, but only few have seen preclinical and clinical success. Here, we introduce the gallium(iii) complex of a ciprofloxacin-functionalized linear desferrichrome, Galbofloxacin, with a cleavable serine linker as a potent therapeutic for S. aureus bacterial infections. We employed characterization using in vitro inhibitory assays, radiochemical, tracer-based uptake and pharmacokinetic assessment of our lead compound, culminating in in vivo efficacy studies in a soft tissue model of infection. Galbofloxacin exhibits a minimum inhibitory concentration of (MIC₉₈) 93 nM in wt S. aureus, exceeding the potency of the parent antibiotic ciprofloxacin (0.9 μM). Galbofloxacin is a protease substrate that can release the antibiotic payload in the bacterial cytoplasm. Radiochemical experiments with wt bacterial strains reveal that ⁶⁷Galbofloxacin is taken up efficiently using siderophore mediated, active uptake. Biodistribution of ⁶⁷Galbofloxacin in a mouse model of intramuscular S. aureus infection revealed renal clearance and enhanced uptake in infected muscle when compared to ⁶⁷Ga-citrate, which showed no selectivity. A subsequent in vivo drug therapy study reveals efficient reduction in S. aureus infection burden and sustained survival with Galbofloxacin for 7 days. Ciprofloxacin had no treatment efficacy at identical molecular dose (9.3 μmol kg⁻¹) and resulted in death of all study animals in <24 hours. Taken together, the favorable bacterial growth inhibitory, pharmacokinetic and in vivo efficacy properties qualify Galbofloxacin as the first rationally designed Ga-coordination complex for the management of S. aureus bacterial infections.

Galbofloxacin, a novel theranostic xenosiderophore antibiotic, exhibits unparalleled potency in combating S. aureus infections in vivo.