Electromagnetically-induced transparency in Doppler-broadened five-level systems

We study electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) of a probe field in a Doppler- broadened five-level K-type atomic system driven by three strong laser (coupling) fields. Effect of wave-vector mismatch occurring when the coupling field frequency is higher than that of the probe field frequency (λ _c < λ _p) are considered. Under the influence of the coherent coupling fields, the steady-state linear susceptibility of the probe laser shows that the system can have single or double or triple EIT windows depending on the amplitude and detuning of the coupling fields.     

Electromagnetically induced transparency of single Λ-type three-level atom in high-finesse optical cavity

We study the features of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a single Λ-type three-level atom placed in a high finesse cavity under the action of a coupling laser and a probe laser. Our calculations show that three transparency windows appear when the pump strength is big enough. It can be explained by the residual pump in the cavity resulting mostly in the energy splitting. Level |3〉is split into four slightly different energy levels. An interference takes place between excitation pathways. Furthermore, it is also shown that the frequencies of the EIT windows can be tuned by changing the coupling field detuning Δ₂ and the reflection profile is very sensitive to the cavity field detuning Δ_c.     

双光子失谐对慢光和光存储影响的实验研究

利用电磁感应透明(EIT)效应在87Rb热原子气室中进行了慢光和光存储的实验研究,在单光子红失谐650 MHz处测量了双光子失谐对光脉冲延迟和光存储的影响.结果表明:在双光子失谐0—0.5 MHz范围内存在显著的光脉冲延迟和光存储恢复信号,其慢光波形与理论计算结果基本相符;而恢复光脉冲信号随着双光子失谐的变化出现形变,这是由于多个EIT子系统之间的干涉引起的.这一研究结果为连续变量光场在热原子系综中的存储提供了实验参考.     

Electromagnetically induced transparency and quadripartite macroscopic entanglement generated in a ring cavity

We propose a feasible scheme to generate electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) and quadripartite macroscopic entanglement in an optomechanical system with one fixed mirror and three movable perfectly reflecting mirrors.We explore the EIT phenomena in this optomechanical system.Results show the appearance of EIT dips in the output field.Moreover,we demonstrate how steady-state quadripartite entanglement can be generated via radiation pressure.We also quantify the bipartite entanglement in each field-mirror subsystem and in the mirror-mirror subsystem.Findings show that a high intensity of entanglement between two subsystems can be achieved.     

Electromagnetically induced transparency in Λ-system involving D 2 line of Rb atoms confined in sub-micron columns

The effect of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a Λ-system formed by rubidium atoms contained in thin (10–60 μm) and extremely thin (0.3–5 μm) cells was studied experimentally. It was found that parameters of the EIT resonance degrade slowly in the case where the frequency of the coupling laser is in resonance with the D ₂ transition of rubidium, which enabled the registration of the EIT resonance in a record thin cell with a thickness of L = 390 nm. The specific features of EIT in extremely thin cells reveal themselves when the coupling laser has a frequency detuning Δ from the atomic transition. In this case, the width of the EIT resonance rapidly increases upon an increase in Δ at fixed L (an opposite effect takes place in centimeter-scale cells). It is shown that the width of the EIT resonance is inversely proportional to L in the case of fixed large detuning Δ. The nearly tenfold broadening of the EIT resonance for large values of detuning Δ is caused by the influence of atomic collisions with cell windows on dephasing rate of coherence. The expressions that allow the estimation of the EIT-resonance width for various values of detuning Δ and small values of thickness L are found.     

Experimental implementation of a four-level N-type scheme for the observation of electromagnetically induced transparency

A nondegenerate four-level N-type scheme was experimentally implemented to observe electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) at the ⁸⁷Rb D ₂ line. Radiations of two independent external-cavity semiconductor lasers were used in the experiment, the current of one of them being modulated at a frequency equal to the hyperfine-splitting frequency of the excited 5P _3/2 level. In this case, apart from the main EIT dip corresponding to the two-photon Raman resonance in a three-level L-scheme, additional dips detuned from the main dip by a frequency equal to the frequency of the HF generator were observed in the absorption spectrum. These dips were due to an increase in the medium transparency at frequencies corresponding to the three-photon Raman resonances in four-level N-type schemes. The resonance shapes are analyzed as functions of generator frequency and magnetic field.     

Double EIT and enhanced EIT signal in a combination of Λ- and V-type system of Rb-D<Subscript>2</Subscript> transition

We report the experimental observations of double EIT and enhanced EIT signal in a combination of Λ- and V-type multi-level system of the D₂ transition of ⁸⁵Rb atoms interacting with three laser fields. The EIT formation under a Λ-type and V-type systems is also observed separately. It is found that the EIT width in a V-type system becomes narrower than the Λ-type system. Also the effect of frequency detuning of the control laser on the probe absorption profile is studied in presence of Λ- and V-type EIT systems.     

Electromagnetically induced self-imaging

We study the self-imaging and image-transforming properties of a probe field in a cold atomic medium with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Due to the similarities between the gradient-index medium and the inhomogeneous index distribution of an EIT medium under the conditions of a negative probe detuning and a Gaussian control field, we find based on analytical investigations that there exists a kind of electromagnetically induced self-imaging phenomenon in cold atomic media. Numerical simulations clearly show that electromagnetically induced self-imaging is observable and controllable.     

Study of width and height of EIT resonance in a Doppler broadened five-level system with varying probe power

We report the experimental observation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a Doppler broadened rubidium vapour at room temperature for different probe intensities at a fixed pump intensity in a five-level Λ-type system formed by the D₂ transition of ⁸⁵Rb. For a constant pump intensity, we find that the EIT width and height change with the variation of probe intensity. We observe a nonlinear variation of the height of the EIT peak and a linear variation of the width (FWHM) of the EIT signal with probe intensity. In the Doppler broadened multilevel system, we also observe the velocity selective dips along with the EIT signal. A numerical simulation of the probe response signal based on density matrix representation in a five-level system is carried out to reproduce the experimentally observed spectra.     

EIT Ground State Cooling Scheme of <Superscript>171</Superscript>Yb<Superscript>+</Superscript> Based on the <Superscript>2</Superscript>S<Subscript>1/2</Subscript>→<Superscript>2</Superscript>P<Subscript>1/2</Subscript> Cooling Transition

We propose a method for EIT ground state cooling of ¹⁷¹Yb+ ion, which involves three light fields with detuning on a MHz scale. The steady-state mean vibrational quantum number is calculated to be less than 0.005. Efficient cooling is achievable in a motional-mode frequency range of 2π · (1.5 ± 0.5 MHz).     

Absorption properties of a driven Doppler—broadened ladder system with hyperfine structure

We have studied the absorption spectrum of a Doppler-broadened ladder system,where the highest level is coupled into two middle hyperfine sublevels by a strong coherent field.We find that,when the system is considered as homogeneous,either two or three spectral components are observed,depending on the detuning of the coherent field.but when the velocity distribution of atoms is considered,we can always observe one electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) window with high dispersion.So the atomic hyperfine structure cannot be an impediment for obtaining EIT.     

驱动场失谐对Λ型原子EIT的影响

文章用缀饰原子研究电磁感应透明,为分析探测光强度的破坏性干涉提供了一个清晰的物理图象,用这种方法可更简洁地研究驱动场失谐对电磁感应透明的影响.     

Nonlinear cascade-configuration multi-wave mixing scheme based on electromagnetically induced transparency

A nonlinear optical cascade-configuration multi-wave mixing (CCMWM) scheme is presented and analysed for the generation of coherent light in a six-level atomic system in the context of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). A detailed semi-classical study of the propagation of the generated mixing and probe fields is demonstrated. We show by numerical simulations that EIT is capable of suppressing linear and nonlinear photon absorption. The analytical dependence of the generated mixing field on the probe field and the respective detuning is also predicted. Such a nonlinear optical process can be used for generating coherent short-wavelength radiation.     

掺杂稀土离子晶体中的电磁感应光透明现象

对在掺杂稀土离子晶体中实现电磁感应光透明进行了实验研究。首先,以Er3＋∶YAG晶体为样品,用旋转波近似下的密度矩阵方程理论计算了探测场的吸收特性随Er3＋离子浓度的变化规律,结果表明：在探测场失谐Δp=0时,形成了一个对于探测光透明的窗口,从而在理论上论证了在掺杂稀土离子晶体中实现电磁感应光透明效应的可行性。设计了一个以Pr3＋∶Y2SiO5晶体为样品的实验激发方案,吸收光谱显示,当温度为6 K时其在共振吸收峰处可形成一个完全透明的窗口,实现了在掺杂离子晶体中的电磁感应光透明。实验还分析了工作温度、耦合场失谐对探测光透过率的影响,结果显示：当样品温度上升到15 K时,透明窗口消失;耦合场的失谐量越大,透射率越小。     

Y型四能级系统中Doppler展宽对真空诱导相干性相关的探测场吸收的影响

利用数值计算结果,讨论了在Y型四能级原子系统中Doppler展宽对与真空诱导相干性(VIC) 相关的探测场吸收性质的影响.研究结果表明: 当无Doppler展宽时,只有不存在VIC时才可能产生电磁感应透明(EIT)现象; VIC将导致探测场吸收的明显改变和增益产生;在VIC存在和不存在两种情况中,吸收曲线都具有关于探测场失谐对称的双峰结构. 当有Doppler展宽时,在VIC存在和不存在两种情况中都能产生EIT现象; VIC仍将导致探测场吸收的明显改变和增益产生;不管是否存在VIC,探测场吸收都具有以下特征:吸收曲线不再具有关于探测场失谐的对称性且随Doppler展宽宽度(D)值的增大而逐渐从双峰结构变为单峰结构,探测场吸收不随D值的增大而单调增大或减小,在探测场和驱动场的传播方向相反时可获得比传播方向相同时更小的探测场吸收.     

Laser-noise-induced correlations and anti-correlations in electromagnetically induced transparency

High degrees of intensity correlation between two independent lasers were observed after propagation through a rubidium vapor cell in which they generate Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT). As the optical field intensities are increased, the correlation changes sign (becoming anti-correlation). The experiment was performed in a room temperature rubidium cell, using two diode lasers tuned to the ⁸⁵Rb D₂ line (λ= 780 nm). The cross-correlation spectral function for the pump and probe fields is numerically obtained by modeling the temporal dynamics of both field phases as diffusing processes. We explored the dependence of the atomic response on the atom-field Rabi frequencies, optical detuning and Doppler width. The results show that resonant phase-noise to amplitude-noise conversion is at the origin of the observed signal and the change in sign for the correlation coefficient can be explained as a consequence of the competition between EIT and Raman resonance processes.     

The influence of EIT effect with double windows on electromagnetic characteristics of quasi-Λ-four-level atomic system

In this paper, the electromagnetic characteristics of quasi-Λ-four-level atomic system influenced by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect with double windows are investigated theoretically. It is shown that the permittivity can get two negative extreme values in transparent window extents and the permeability can realize negative value. Consequently, the atomic system can obtain the negative refraction in discontinuous probe detuning frequency ranges. EIT effect with double transparent windows would extend the tuning frequency range of realizing left handedness in atomic system. Furthermore, due to the strong magnetic transition, the real part of the refractive index and the absorption of atomic system can obtain negative values in the same certain frequency band. Such left-handed quasi-Λ-four-level atomic system may become an active medium.     

Entanglement Dynamics in a Model Tripartite Quantum System

A Λ-type atom interacting with two radiation fields exhibits electromagnetically induced transparency and other nonclassical effects that appear in the entanglement dynamics of the atomic subsystem and in appropriate field observables. Both EIT and field-atom entanglement are important for quantum information processing. We investigate the roles played by specific initial field states, detuning parameters, field nonlinearities and intensity-dependent field-atom couplings on EIT and the entanglement between subsystems. Departure from coherence of the initial field states produces significant effects. We investigate these aspects in a model that exhibits the salient features of entangled tripartite systems. For initial photon-added coherent states, collapses and revivals of the atomic subsystem von Neumann entropy appear as the intensity parameter varies over a narrow range of values. These features could be useful in enabling entanglement.     

光学-射频双光子耦合作用下的电磁诱导透明和电磁诱导吸收

在通常的Λ型三能级系统中,光学耦合场和探测场分别激发两个不同的光学跃迁,探测吸收谱呈现电磁诱导透明(EIT)特性.若将此系统拓展为光学-射频双光子耦合场和探测场共同作用下的准Λ型四能级系统,探测吸收谱呈现电磁诱导吸收(EIA)和EIT两种特性.通过求解系统的密度矩阵方程,分析了EIA和EIT的产生条件,并给出了相应的缀饰态解释.研究结果表明,在准Λ型四能级系统中,光学耦合场对EIA和EIT的形成起决定作用,共振时出现EIA,非共振时出现EIT,而且EIA和EIT的线宽随着光学耦合场拉比频率的增大而增加. 关键词： 电磁诱导透明 电磁诱导吸收 射频场 光学耦合场     

Enhanced cross-phase modulation based on a double electromagnetically induced transparency in a four-level tripod atomic system

We report experimental observations on the simultaneous electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effects for probe and trigger fields (double EIT) as well as the enhanced cross-phase modulation (XPM) between the two fields in a four-level tripod EIT system of the D1 line of 87Rb atoms. The XPM coefficients (larger than 2 x 10(-5) cm2/W) and the accompanying transmissions (higher than 60%) are measured at a slight detuning of the probe field from the exact EIT-resonance condition. The system and enhanced cross-Kerr nonlinearities presented here can be applied to quantum information processes.