相变微胶囊复合板相变传热数值研究

本文以相变微胶囊复合板隔热组件为研究对象,基于焓法方程建立了蓄热/隔热型耦合相变传热数值模型,预测了板内的温度分布、相界面移动等响应特征,系统地分析了Stefan数及相变温度区间对传热的影响。结果表明:相变微胶囊板内固相界面的移动速度大于液相界面,固相界面消失后,液相界面移动明显加速;固、液相界面移动速度随Stefan数的增大而增快,同时板内整体温度水平升高;固相界面移动速度随着相变温度区间的增大而增快,但相变温度区间对相变材料完全熔化所需时间影响不大。     

La2CuO4掺锌样品的低温电阻率与热导率研究

对La2CuO4掺锌样品在不同降温速率下(330K保温30min后,分别以6Kh和02Ks的速率冷却至42K)电阻率(42—330K)和热导率(80—300K)随温度的变化关系进行了研究.实验结果表明,在不同降温速率下,热导率和电阻率都受到很大影响.快速降温过程使得130K以上的热导率减小,而热导率最小值出现在130K,且与降温速率无关.而低温下的热导率不受降温速率变化的影响.样品在高温区(T高于125K)电阻率随降温速率的增大而增大,低温区电阻率的非线性行为可用变程跳跃行为来描述.所有样品的热导率和电阻率在反铁磁相变温度都没有出现反常,这与能带理论框架下预期的结果和Anderson电荷自旋分离理论发生了矛盾,对此进行了讨论,并用极化子理论进行了自洽解释. 关键词： La2CuO4 热导率 电阻率     

微胶囊化相变悬浮液层流传热强化的参数分析

通过对微胶囊相变悬浮液管内层流恒热流对流换热的数学建模和模拟计算,获得在恒热流加热边界条件下,不同参数匹配时相变糊状区的确切范围以及固液相变两条相界面的数值结果。利用该模型对影响悬浮型固液两相流传热特性的诸多参数进行了比较细致的定量分析,这些参数包括固相体积浓度、斯蒂芬(Ste)数、粒径比、无量纲相变温度区间宽度以及无量纲过冷度等。分析和模拟计算的结果显示微胶囊浓度和斯蒂芬数对管内层流传热具有最重要的影响。     

一级相变磁制冷材料的基础问题探究

由于一级相变磁制冷材料发生磁相变时有晶胞体积的突变,相变过程中有相变潜热存在,其磁化过程中有许多磁学问题有待于进一步探究.本文以LaFe13-xSix合金为研究对象,在现有对磁一级相变基础问题的分析基础上,对一级相变材料中系统熵变、等温熵变、绝热温变、热滞、磁滞、铁磁与顺磁态两相共存的温度区间和磁场区间、制冷能力的计算等磁学基础问题进行了较为细致的探究.分析表明,在忽略完全铁磁态和顺磁态对磁热效应的贡献时,Maxwell方程和Clausius-Clapeyron方程计算熵变的值具有等效性.等温磁化过程中升温和降温曲线包围的面积SABCE(磁滞的大小),实际上是升温过程和降温过程中磁场做的净功,等于相变潜热之差.磁滞和热滞的大小与磁化过程数据测量的时间有关,测量时间越长则滞后越小,当相变是平衡相变则滞后为零.另外,对温度和磁场诱导磁相变过程进行了分析,提出了一级相变磁制冷材料制冷能力的不同计算模型.本文对一级相变磁制冷材料的磁学基础问题研究有一定的参考价值.     

冷冻速率对蚕豆热物性变化规律影响的实验研究

研究了不同冷冻速率下蚕豆热物性的变化规律。利用Hot Disk得到蚕豆在-30～30℃下的热导率变化曲线;通过DSC和低温冷冻实验台,冷冻速率在5～80℃/min条件下将蚕豆切片进行冷冻实验,得到了不同冷冻条件下冻结点、结晶点及比热容的变化规律。测试结果表明:蚕豆热导率随着温度的降低先减小再增大;冻结点随着降温速率的增大而增大;蚕豆的结晶点在降温速率小于20℃/min时出现浮动,但总体上,结晶点随着降温速率的增大而降低。在不同降温速率下,比热容随温度的变化规律基本相同,但在冷冻相变过程中发生剧烈变化。通过对冷冻过程中蚕豆热物性的实验研究,为冷冻干燥种子的传热传质分析提供了实验数据的支撑。     

圆管内潜热型功能流体对流换热的实验研究

本文实验研究了由正十四烷和尿素甲醛树脂制成的相变微胶囊和水混合组成的潜热型功能流体流过等热流圆管时的对流换热特性。相变微胶囊的加入可以显著增强流体与壁面间的对流换热,显著降低壁面温度和流体温度;在融化段对流换热系数呈增加分布,流体和壁面温度各自基本稳定在相应的温度值。强化对流换热的效果主要在融化段,并随流体中相变微胶囊浓度的增大而增强,也随R-eynolds数的增大而增强。     

多孔肋微通道相变微胶囊悬浮液的传热分析

为了提高微通道热沉的水力性能和热力性能,采用等效比热容法对相变微胶囊悬浮液在固体肋和多孔肋微通道热沉内的流动与传热特性进行研究。结果表明：多孔肋可以使微通道热沉的压降显著降低,对热阻的影响随微通道内冷却剂流动距离变化。相变微胶囊悬浮液相变吸收潜热可以减小微通道热沉的热阻,但是粘度增大使得压降增大。多孔肋和相变微胶囊悬浮液都能提高微通道热沉的综合性能,相变微胶囊悬浮液在多孔肋微通道热沉中比水在固体肋微通道热沉中的综合性能提高了14%。     

嵌埋Ni颗粒的BaTiO_3/SrTiO_3薄膜的相变特性

采用高温X射线原位衍射和变温介电谱对SrTiO3基底上外延生长的BaTiO3(嵌埋Ni颗粒)薄膜进行了相变特性分析。从X射线衍射和介电谱的分析结果得出,BaTiO3的相变温度点转变为弥散的温度区间。在这个弥散的相变温度区间内,由于基底和薄膜之间的失配,以及嵌埋Ni颗粒的应力作用,薄膜的介电响应弥散剧烈,并偏离德拜弛豫。分析Cole-Cole图获知,BaTiO3薄膜在四方相转变为立方相的相变过程中同时存在几种极化机制,在高温状态下介电损耗随温度增大而增大。降温过程中,薄膜没有立即恢复四方相,可能是基底和Ni颗粒的共同作用影响了相变弛豫。     

铝纳米颗粒的热物性及相变行为的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法模拟了纳米金属铝在粒径为0.8-3.2 nm 时的熔点、密度和声子热导率的变化, 研究了粒径为1.6 nm的铝纳米颗粒的密度、比热和声子热导率随温度的变化. 采用原子嵌入势较好地模拟了纳米金属铝的热物性及相变行为, 根据能量-温度曲线和比热容-温度曲线对铝纳米颗粒的相变温度进行了研究, 并利用表面能理论、尺寸效应理论对铝纳米颗粒熔点的变化进行了分析. 随着纳米粒径的不断增大, 铝纳米颗粒的熔点呈递增状态, 当粒径在2.2-3.2 nm时, 熔点的增幅减缓, 但仍处于递增趋势. 随着纳米粒径的增大, 铝纳米颗粒的密度呈单调递减, 热导率则呈线性单调递增, 且热导率的变化情况符合声子理论. 随着温度的升高, 粒径为1.6 nm的铝纳米颗粒的密度、热导率均减小. 该模拟从微观原子角度对纳米材料的热物性进行了研究, 对设计基于铝纳米颗粒的相变材料具有指导意义.     

微胶囊相变蓄能技术研究现状与进展

微胶囊相变材料是一种新型的复合相变蓄能材料。文中介绍了微胶囊相变蓄能材料的性质,着重阐述了微胶囊相变蓄能材料的制备方法,并分析了微胶囊相变蓄能材料在工业领域的应用,总结了微胶囊相变蓄能材料的发展趋势。     

石墨烯气凝胶复合相变材料的热物性研究

相变材料利用其相变潜热能力可吸收储存和释放利用热量,同时在相变过程中其温度浮动小,能够实现温度控制从而用于热管理.但是其低热导率和易泄露问题严重制约了其性能.石墨烯气凝胶因其丰富的多孔结构而具有较大的比表面积,可吸附相变材料解决其泄露问题,同时石墨烯的高导热系数可提高相变材料的热导率.这里选取正十八烷为相变材料,制备了不同质量分数的石墨烯气凝胶复合相变材料.测得石墨烯气凝胶含量为13.99 wt%的样品,其导热系数比纯正十八烷高出306.2%,熔化潜热和凝固潜热分别下降了13.8%和10.8%.分子动力学模拟结果表明,石墨烯气凝胶的引入会在一定程度上增强正十八烷分子的有序性和一致性,即在同一温度下复合相变材料中的正十八烷分子比纯正十八烷分子拥有更集中分布的末端距和扭转角,径向分布函数和自扩散系数都相对较低,说明石墨烯材料的引入可以提升正十八烷的导热系数.     

纳米石墨烯片-正十八烷复合相变材料制备及热物性研究

本文分别制备了纳米石墨烯片质量分数为0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%的纳米石墨烯片-正十八烷复合相变材料,并通过扫描电镜测试、红外光谱分析、差示扫描量热实验及导热分析等实验对其形貌结构及热物性进行表征和研究.实验表明本文制备的纳米石墨烯-正十八烷复合相变材料具有很好的相变稳定性;当纳米石墨烯片的质量分数达到2%时,复合相变材料的导热系数相对于纯十八烷高出了89.4%.     

Melting temperature and enthalpy variations of phase change materials (PCMs): a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis is a standard thermal analysis technique used to determine the phase transition temperature, enthalpy, heat of fusion, specific heat and activation energy of phase change materials (PCMs). To determine the appropriate heating rate and sample mass, various DSC measurements were carried out using two kinds of PCMs, namely N-octadecane paraffin and calcium chloride hexahydrate. The variations in phase transition temperature, enthalpy, heat of fusion, specific heat and activation energy were observed within applicable heating rates and sample masses. It was found that the phase transition temperature range increased with increasing heating rate and sample mass; while the heat of fusion varied without any established pattern. The specific heat decreased with the increase of heating rate and sample mass. For accuracy purpose, it is recommended that for PCMs with high thermal conductivity (e.g. hydrated salt) the focus will be on heating rate rather than sample mass.     

Temperature and concentration dependences of thermal conductivity of solid solutions of gadolinium and dysprosium sulfides

Thermal conductivity of a number of solid solutions of gadolinium and dysprosium sulfides has been studied experimentally within the temperature range 80-400 K. The work offers the data on thermal conductivity coefficient and lattice thermal conductivity of the studied samples. It was found that replacement of gadolinium ions by dysprosium ions leads to significant decrease of the samples?? thermal conductivity and changes its temperature dependence character due to the resonance scattering of phonons by paramagnetic ions of dysprosium. Influence of this mechanism of phonon scattering conditions the area of anomalous change observed on the concentration dependence of thermal conductivity coefficient.     

两相复合材料有效热导率的理论推导

复合材料有效热导率的解析表达式一直是传热问题中人们想要解决的问题.本文选用合适的单元体,采用热阻模型和积分平均方法,分别对分散相为球体和圆柱体的两相复合材料的有效热导率进行了推导.对于多孔复合材料,当孔隙率较大或温度较高时辐射换热的影响不能忽略,本文分析了气孔为球体或圆柱体时辐射换热对其有效热导率的影响.将计算所得有效热导率与相关实验数据进行了比较,结果表明两者吻合较好,证明了公式的准确性.     

A Technique for Obtaining Thermal Resistance of the Dielectric-Substrate Contact under High-Intensity Irradiation

Heating of dielectric materials is investigated under irradiation of specimens by periodically pulsed ion-beams. The solution to the equation of thermal conductivity yields constrained variations of the specimen's temperature around its average value, with the repetition rate being that of the radiation-pulse frequency. Initially, the average variation-period temperature is found to grow, while after saturation it approaches a quasi-stationary value controlled entirely by the thermal resistance of the specimen-substrate contact under the same irradiation conditions. A method for the time-averaged dielectric temperature under saturation is proposed. Using this method, an express-technique for calculating thermal resistance of the dielectric-substrate contact is offered. It is based on periodically pulsed heating of the dielectric specimen by a moderate-density ion beam and precision measurements of the its average temperature. The error of the express technique is evaluated and so is its applicability range. A hypothesis is put forward that proceeding form this new method for thermal resistance one may determine the energy lost in ion sputtering.     

Thermoelectric Performance of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate)

Thermoelectric (TE) performances are systematically investigated for the pellets of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) with different organic additives and heating process as organic TE materials. The electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity versus temperature are determined, respectively. It is found that there is no distinct change for the Seebeck coefficient among each sample with the additions of dimethyl sulfoxide and ethylene glycol. The thermal conductivity measured in a wide range of temperature indicates that the PEDOT:PSS pellet have an extremely low value. The highest figure of merit (Z_T= 1.75×10^-3) is observed at 270K among the PEDOT:PSS pellets.     

Characterization of thermal transport in micro/nanoscale wires by steady-state electro-Raman-thermal technique

In this work, a novel steady-state electro-Raman-thermal (SERT) technique is developed to characterize the thermal transport in one-dimensional micro/nanoscale materials. The SERT technique involves steady-state joule heating of a suspended sample and measuring its middle point temperature based on the temperature dependence of the Raman shift peak intensity. The thermal conductivity is determined from a linear fitting of the temperature against heating power. Multi-wall carbon nanotube bundles are characterized using the SERT technique to verify its measurement capacity. As it does not need to track the transient process of heat transfer, the SERT technique has the great potential for measuring short materials down to nm long.     

聚双(对甲苯磺酸)-2,4-己二炔-1,6-二醇酯(PTS)的热学性质

应用光声效应研究了聚双(对甲苯磺酸)-2,4-己二炔-1,6-二醇酯(PTS)在175—225K范围内的热学性质随温度的变化关系。发现比热C₃和热导K的积C₃·K在200K附近有一尖锐的峰,第一次由热学性质确定该处存在一个二阶相变。同时通过实验结果分析得到热导K在该温区内存在与温度成正比的反常行为,并对此作了分析。 关键词：