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1.
The preferred conformation of aminophosphanes with bulky amino groups ( 1–20 ) was determined by NMR spectroscopy in solution, in two cases in the solid state ( 11,17 ) and in one case ( 11 ) by X‐ray crystallography. Trimethylsilylaminodiphenylphosphanes Ph2PN(R)SiMe3 (R = Bu ( 1 ), Ph ( 2 ), 2‐pyridyl ( 3 ), 2‐pyrimidyl ( 4 ), Me3Si ( 5 )), amino(chloro)phenylphosphanes Ph(Cl)PNRR′ (R = Bz, R′ = Me ( 6 ), R = Bz, R′ = tBu ( 7 ), R = Et, R′ = Ph ( 8 )), amino(chloro)tert‐butylphosphanes tBu(Cl)PNRR′ (R = R′ = iPr ( 9 ), R = Me, R′ = tBu ( 10 ), R = Bz, R′ = tBu ( 11 ), R = H, R′ = tBu ( 12 ), R = Et, R′ = Ph ( 13 ), R = iPr, R′ = Ph ( 14 ), R = Bu, R′ = Ph ( 15 ), R = Bz, R′ = Ph ( 16 ), R = R′ = Ph ( 17 ), R = R′ = Me3Si ( 18 )), 3‐tert‐butyl‐2‐chloro‐1,3,2‐oxazaphospholane ( 19 ), and benzyl(tert‐butyl)aminodichlorophosphane ( 20 ) were studied by 1H, 13C, 15N, 29Si, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. In all cases, the more bulky substituent at the nitrogen atom prefers the syn‐position with respect to the assumed orientation of the phosphorus lone pair of electrons. Many of the derivatives studied adopt this preferred conformation even at room temperature. Numerous signs of coupling constants 1J(31P, 15N), 2J(31P, 13C), and 2J(31P, 29Si) were determined. Low temperature NMR spectra were measured for derivatives for which rotation about the P N bond at room temperature is fast, showing the presence of two rotamers at low temperature. The respective conformation of these rotamers could be assigned by 13C, 15N, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Isotope‐induced chemical shifts 1Δ15/14N(31P) were determined for all compounds at natural abundance of 15N by using Hahn‐echo extended polarization transfer experiments. The molecular structure of 11 in the solid state reveals pyramidal surroundings of the nitrogen atom and mutual trans‐positions of the tert‐butyl groups at phosphorus and nitrogen. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:667–676, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10084  相似文献   

2.
The kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of allyl chloride and benzyl chloride with the OH radical and O3 were investigated at 298 ± 2 K and atmospheric pressure. Direct measurements of the rate constants for reactions with ozone yielded values of ??(O3 + allyl chloride) = (1.60 ± 0.18) × 10?18 cm3 molecule?1 s?1 and ??(O3 + benzyl chloride) < 6 × 10?20 cm3 molecule?1 s?1. With the use of a relative rate technique and ethane as a scavenger of chlorine atoms produced in the OH radical reactions, rate constants of ??(OH + allyl chloride) = (1.69 ± 0.07) × 10?11 cm3 molecule?1 s?1 and ??(OH + benzyl chloride) = (2.80 ± 0.19) × 10?12 cm3 molecule?1 s?1 were measured. A study of the OH radical reaction with allyl chloride by long pathlength FT-IR absorption spectroscopy indicated that the co-products ClCH2CHO and HCHO account for ca. 44% of the reaction, and along with the other products HOCH2CHO, (ClCH2)2CO, and CH2 ? CHCHO account for 84 ± 16% of the allyl chloride reacting. The data indicate that in one atmosphere of air in the presence of NO the chloroalkoxy radical formed following OH radical addition to the terminal carbon atom of the double bond decomposes to yield HOCH2CHO and the CH2Cl radical, which becomes a significant source of the Cl atoms involved in secondary reactions. A product study of the OH radical reaction with benzyl chloride identified only benzaldehyde and peroxybenzoyl nitrate in low yields (ca. 8% and ?4%, respectively), with the remainder of the products being unidentified.  相似文献   

3.
The reactions of five dinuclear carbonyl complexes [(η 5-C5Me4R)Mo(CO)3]2 [R = allyl, n Bu, t Bu, Ph, Bz] with I2 in chloroform solution gave the corresponding mononuclear substituted tetramethylcyclopentadienyl molybdenum carbonyl complexes [(η 5-C5Me4R)MoI(CO)3] [R = allyl (1), n Bu (2), t Bu (3), Ph (4), Bz (5)]. The molecular structures of complexes 2, 3 and 5 were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The results show that the substituent in the ring can directly affect the Mo–I bond distances; the more sterically hindered the substituent, the longer the Mo–I bond. Friedel–Crafts reactions of aromatic compounds with a variety of alkylation reagents catalyzed by the complexes showed that all of these mononuclear molybdenum carbonyl complexes have catalytic activity in Friedel–Crafts alkylation reactions. Indeed, compared with traditional catalysts, these mononuclear metal carbonyl complexes have obvious advantages such as higher activities, mild reaction conditions, high selectivity, simple post-processing, and environmentally friendly chemistry.  相似文献   

4.
Group 4 complexes containing diphosphinoamide ligands [Ph2PNR]2MCl2 (3: R = tBu, M = Ti; 4: R = tBu, M = Zr; 5: R = Ph, M = Ti; 6: R = Ph, M = Zr) were prepared by the reaction of MCl4 (M = Ti; Zr) with the corresponding lithium phosphinoamides in ether or THF. The structure of [Ph2PNtBu]2TiCl2 (3) was determined by X‐ray crystallography. The phosphinoamides functioned as η2‐coordination ligands in the solid state and the Ti? N bond length suggests it is a simple single bond. In the presence of modified methylaluminoxane or i‐Bu3Al/Ph3BC(C6F5)4, catalytic activity of up to 59.5 kg PE/mol cat h bar was observed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

5.
3-(Trialkylstannyl)propyl aryl sulphides (R3SnCH2CH2CH2SR′; R = Me, Et, Bu; R′ = Ph, p-tolyl) were prepared by the addition of arenethiols to allyltrialkyltin compounds. Preferential cleavage of the allyl group by the reaction R3SnCH2CHCH2+R′SH→R3SnSR′+CH3CHCH2 occurred when R = R′ = Bu and R = R′ = Ph. Diallyltin dibromide and benzenethiol gave stannous bromide. Mössbauer parameters of the products are recorded.  相似文献   

6.
The rate constants and equilibrium constants of ligand exchange reactions between his(alkylxanthato)palladium(Ⅱ),Pd(S_2COR)_2(R=Am,n-Hex,Bz),and bis(N,N-dialkyldithiocarbamato)palladium(Ⅱ),Pd(S_2CNR_2)_2(K=Et,n-Pr,n-Bu),in chloroform solution have been determined ina temperature range of 20—50°C by means of high-performance liquid chromatography.It was foundthat both the forward and reverse reactions are of second order.All of the equilibrium constants Kdetermined are 10.3±1.0,much greater than the value(K=4)calculated statistically which indicatesthat the ternary complexes are more stable than the binary complexes.The experimental resultsrevealed that the reaction rate decreases with the increase in the size of R and R~1 groups and the latterare more remarkable,consistent with the deduction of steric effect.The activation parameters ofthe reactions have been calculated.In reaction series(11)and(12)(in the text)the isokinetic tempera-tures B=390±8K and β=346±15 K have been observed respectively.A plausiblemechanism in-volving an eight-membered ring intermediate has been proposed on the basis of experimental results.  相似文献   

7.
The Claisen rearrangement of the N‐protected, silylated allyl glycinates 11 and 12 led to the formation of allyl/silyl‐functionalized amino acids 13 and 14 in yields up to 80%. The diastereoisomer ratio varied from 2 : 1 to 29 : 1 for 11mb , and from 2 : 1 to 46 : 1 (syn/anti) for 12mb , depending on reaction conditions, as shown by X‐ray crystallographic analysis of 14mb . The relationship between the size of the alkyl groups on the chlorosilane reagent (Me2R″SiCl, R″=Cl, Me, t‐Bu, Ph) used as an enolate trap and the observed stereoselectivity was investigated in the case of the IrelandClaisen variant. Me3SiCl gave the best results. However, the size of the alkyl groups on the silylated ester (Me2R″Si, R=Me, t‐Bu, Ph, i‐Pr) did not exert a significant effect on the diastereoselectivity or yield of the rearrangement.  相似文献   

8.
The relative rate constants of the addition of the C6H5CH2 radical to unsaturated compounds CH2=CHX (X = C4H9, SiMe3, CF3, CO2Me, CN) were determined under the conditions of initiation by the Fe(CO)5 + DMF system or by benzoyl peroxide. Depending on the values of the relative addition rate constants, the monomers can be arranged into the following series (X): CF3C4H932Me5 + DMF system, the addition stage proceeds by a free radical mechanism.A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Heteroorganic Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117813 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 2017–2022, September, 1992.  相似文献   

9.
The bismuth tris(triorganosilanolates) [Bi(OSiR3)3] ( 1 , R = Me; 2 , R = Et; 3 , R = iPr) were prepared by reaction of R3SiOH with [Bi(OtBu)3]. Compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group with Z = 2 and the lattice constants a = 10.323(1) Å, b = 13.805(1) Å, c = 21.096(1) Å and α = 91.871(4)°, β = 94.639(3)°, γ = 110.802(3)°. In the solid state compound 1 is a trimer as result of weak intermolecular bismuth‐oxygen interactions with Bi–O distances in the range 2.686(6)–3.227(3) Å. The coordination at the bismuth atoms Bi(1) and Bi(3) is best described as 3 + 2 coordination whereas Bi(2) shows a 3 + 3 coordination. The intramolecular Bi–O distances fall in the range 2.041(3)–2.119(3) Å. Compound 3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbcm with Z = 4 and the lattice constants a = 7.201(1) Å, b = 23.367(5) Å and c = 20.893(1) Å, whereas the triethylsilyl‐derivative 2 is liquid. In contrast to [Bi(OSiMe3)3] ( 1 ) compound 3 is monomeric in the solid state, but shows similar intramolecular Bi–O distances in the range 1.998(2)–2.065(5) Å. The bismuth silanolates are highly soluble in common organic solvents and strongly moisture sensitive. Compound 1 shows the lowest thermal stability.  相似文献   

10.
Rate constants for reactions of benzyl, o-niethylbenzyl and p-meihylbenzyl radicals with O2 and NO have been measured at room temperature. The radicals were generated by UV flash photolysis and the time decay measured by absorption at ≈ 300 nm. The rate constants are: benzyl (0.99 ± 0.07 and 9.5 ± 1.2), o-methylbenzyl (1.2 ± 0.07 and 8.6 ± 0.8) and p-mithyl-benzyl (1.1= 0.10 and 8.9 = 0.9) for O2 and NO respectively in units of 10?12 cm3 molecule?1 s?1.  相似文献   

11.
Benzenesulfenamides and benzeneselenenamides reacted with terminal and internal acetylenes (hex-1-yne, phenylacetylene, hex-3-yne, but-2-yne-1,4-diol, and diphenylacetylene) in the presence of SnCl4 to give the corresponding chloroethenyl sulfides and selenides. From symmetric acetylenes, only E isomers (E)-ArXCR=CClR (X = S, Ar = Ph, 4-ClC6H4; R = Et, Ph, HOCH2; X = Se, Ar = Ph, R = Et) were formed. The reactions of benzenesulfenamide with terminal acetylenes, apart from the corresponding Markownikoff and anti-Markownikoff adducts (PhSCH=CClR and PhSCR=CHCl, R = Bu, Ph) gave ethynyl sulfides PhSC=CR (R = Ph, Bu) and cis/trans-isomeric 1,2-bis(phenylsulfanyl)chloroethenes PhSCR=CClSPh (R = Ph, Bu). The results were interpreted assuming intermediate generation of sulfenyl and selenenyl chlorides via reaction of sulfen-and selenenamides with SnCl4.  相似文献   

12.
Rate constants have been estimated as a function of temperature for seven reactions of the type W + XYZ = WX + YZ, where W, X, Y, and Z are H and O atoms. From transition state theory and estimates of the heat capacities of activation, where int k is the rate constant per transferable atom for the forward and reverse reactions in the exothermic direction, and where ΔH°≠298 is in kcal/mol. Values of ΔS°≠298 and ΔH°≠298 were obtained from the above equation and previously measured and evaluated rate constants at 298°K. The results are summarized in a table. Rate constants were calculated at temperature from 250 to 2000 K. The estimated rate constants were compared with recommended values. The results for ΔH°≠298 for reactions (15), (16), (17), and (19), in which a stable intermediate may precede the transition state, together with similar results previously found for reactions X + YZ = XY + Z, suggests that many such reactions may have values of ΔH°≠298 that are close to zero. The result for the reaction O + O3 = O2 + O2 is however, an exception to the foregoing perhaps because it is the reaction of a singlet with a triplet.ΔS°≠298 for the same reaction is unexpectedly low.  相似文献   

13.
A derivative of H5ttda (=3,6,10‐tris(carboxymethyl)‐3,6,10‐triazadodecanedioic acid=N‐{2‐[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}‐N‐{3‐[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]propyl}glycine), H5[(S)‐4‐Bz‐ttda] (=(4S)‐4‐benzyl‐3,6,10‐tris(carboxymethyl)‐3,6,10‐triazadodecanedioic acid=N‐{(2S)‐2‐[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]‐3‐phenylpropyl}‐N‐{3‐[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]propyl}glycine; 1 ) carrying a benzyl group was synthesized and characterized. The stability constants of the complexes formed with Ca2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Gd3+ were determined by potentiometric methods at 25.0±0.1° and 0.1M ionic strength in Me4NNO3. The observed water proton relaxivity value of [Gd{(S)‐4‐Bz‐ttda}]2− was constant with respect to pH changes over the range pH 4.5–12.0. From the 17O‐NMR chemical shift of H2O induced by [Dy{(S)‐4‐Bz‐ttda}]2− at pH 6.80, the presence of 0.9 inner‐sphere water molecules was deduced. The water proton spin‐lattice relaxation rate for [Gd{(S)‐4‐Bz‐ttda}]2− at 37.0±0.1° and 20 MHz was 4.90±0.05 mM −1 s−1. The EPR transverse electronic relaxation rate and 17O‐NMR transverse‐relaxation time for the exchange lifetime of the coordinated H2O molecule (τM), and 2H‐NMR longitudinal‐relaxation rate of the deuterated diamagnetic lanthanum complex for the rotational correlation time (τR) were thoroughly investigated, and the results were compared with those previously reported for the other lanthanide(III) complexes. The exchange lifetime (τM) for [Gd{(S)‐4‐Bz‐ttda}]2− (2.3±1.3 ns) was significantly shorter than that of the [Gd(dtpa)(H2O)]2− complex (dtpa=diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid). The rotational correlation time τR for [Gd{(S)‐4‐Bz‐ttda}]2− (70±6 ps) was slightly longer than that of the [Gd(dtpa)(H2O)]2− complex. The marked increase of relaxivity of [Gd{(S)‐4‐Bz‐ttda}]2− mainly resulted from its longer rotational time rather than from its fast water‐exchange rate. The noncovalent interaction between human serum albumin (HSA) and the [Gd{(S)‐4‐Bz‐ttda}]2− complex containing the hydrophobic substituent was investigated by measuring the solvent proton relaxation rate of the aqueous solutions. The association constant (KA) was less than 100 M −1, indicating a weaker interaction of [Gd{(S)‐4‐Bz‐ttda}]2− with HSA.  相似文献   

14.
A series of organotin(IV) complexes with 2‐mercapto‐5‐methyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole (HL) of the type R3 Sn(L) (R = Me 1 ; Bu 2 ; Ph 3 ; PhCH2 4 ) and R2Sn(L)2 (R = CH3 5 ; Ph 6 ; PhCH2 7 ; Bu 8 ) have been synthesized. All complexes 1–8 were characterized by elemental analysis, IR,1H, 13 C, and 119Sn NMR spectra. Among these, complexes 1 , 3 , 4 , and 7 were also determined by X‐ray crystallography. The tin atoms of complexes 1 , 3 , and 4 are all penta‐coordinated and the geometries at tin atoms of complexes 3 and 4 are distorted trigonal–bipyramidal. Interestingly, complex 1 has formed a 1D polymeric chain through Sn and N intermolecular interactions. The tin atom of complex 7 is hexa‐coordinated and its geometry is distorted octahedral. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 17:353–364, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20215  相似文献   

15.
Four titanium ansa‐cyclopentadienyl‐amido complexes of the general formula [C5H3RMe2SiN(2,6‐Me2C6H3)]TiX2(R = H,Me,Bz,tBu;X = NMe2 or Cl) have been synthesized. The complexes polymerize both ethylene and propylene in the presence of methylaluminoxane or Ph3CB(C6F5)4–triisobutylaluminum and were most active at lower temperatures. In general, the smaller the substituent on the cyclopentadienyl group, the more active the catalyst. The catalysts were found to be poorly stereoselective for the polymerization of polypropylene, with the tertiary‐butyl substituted catalyst giving a polymer with the greatest [mmmm] (14.2%). The structure of [C5H4Me2SiN(2,6‐Me2C6H3)] Ti(NMe2)2 was determined by X‐ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic system space group P21/n, with a = 16.437(2), b = 8.652(3), c = 16.494(4),β = 117.54(2) and Z = 4. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

16.
The electrode transfer reaction of Cd2+ has been studied under the influence of the homologous dialkyl-phenyl-phosphine oxides (R)2·C6H5·PO (R=CH3, C2H5, C3H7, C4H9, C5H11) using d.c. polarography. The rate constants were correlated with the adsorption data. The comparison of the rate constants with the surface pressure values shows that the rate constants decrease linearly with increasing surface pressure values. It could also be shown that the inhibitory effect grows as the length of the alkyl groups increases.  相似文献   

17.
The complexes [(η5-C9H6R)Re(CO)3] [R = nBu (8), tBu (9), CH(CH2)4 (10), Ph (11), Bz (12), 4-methoxyphenyl (13), 4-chlorophenyl (14)] were synthesized by refluxing substituted indenyl ligands [C9H7R] [R = nBu (1), tBu (2), CH(CH2)4 (3), Ph (4), Bz (5), 4-methoxyphenyl (6), 4-chlorophenyl (7)], and Re2(CO)10 in decalin. The molecular structures of 9, 10, 12, and 13 were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. These four crystals have similar molecular structures of the mononuclear carbonyl complex. In each of these molecules, Re is η5-coordinated to the five-membered ring of the indenyl group. Complexes 814 have catalytic activity for Friedel-Crafts reactions of aromatic compounds with a variety of alkylation and acylation reagents. Compared with traditional catalysts, these mononuclear metal carbonyl complexes have obvious advantages such as high activities, mild reaction conditions, high selectivity, and environmentally friendly chemistry.  相似文献   

18.
Hydrosilylation of allyl ethyl, allyl butyl, allyl glycidyl, allyl benzyl, and allyl phenyl ethers by 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane in the presence of supported sulfur-containing platinum(II) complexes with the general formula [{SiO2}O2Si(Me)(CH2)3SR]2PtCl2 (R = Bu, Hex, Bn; {SiO2} is silica surface) and side processes have been studied.  相似文献   

19.
The diorganotin(Ⅳ) complexes of N-(3,5-dibromosalicylidene)-α-amino acid, R2Sn(2-O-3,5-Br2C6H2CH= NCHRCOO)(where R=H, Me, i-Pr, Bz; R'=n-Bu, Cy), were synthesized by the reactions of diorganotin dichlorides with in situ formed potassium salt of N-(3,5-dibromosalicylidene)-α-amino acid and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR (^1H, ^13C and ^119Sn) spectra. The crystal structures of n-Bu2Sn(2-O-3,5-Br2C6H2CH= NCHRCOO)(R=i-Pr, Bz) and Cy2Sn(2-O-3,5-Br2C6H2CH=NCHRCOO)(R=Me, Bz) were determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction and showed that the tin atoms are in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry to form five- and six-membered chelate rings with the tridentate ligand. Bioassay results indicated that the compounds possess better in vitro antitumour activity against three human tumour cell lines, HeLa, CoLo205 and MCF-7, than cis-platin and moderate anti-bacterial activity against two bacteria, E. coli and S. aureus.  相似文献   

20.
Three new N‐heterocyclic germylenes of the type [Fe{(η5‐C5H4)NR}2Ge] ( 1R Ge) containing particularly bulky alkyl [R = 2‐adamantyl (Ad), 1,1,2,2‐tetramethylpropyl (Pr*)] or aryl substituents [R = 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl (Dipp)] were prepared and structurally characterized, in two cases (R = Ad, Dipp), by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Together with the previously described homologues with R = trimethylsilyl (TMS), tert‐butyl (tBu), and mesityl (Mes) their oxidative addition reactions with S8 and Se8 were studied, which afforded compounds of the type [ 1R Ge(μ‐E)]2 (E = S, Se). The low solubility of most of these products severely hampered their purification and characterization. Nevertheless, their structural characterization by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction was possible in six cases (E = S, R = Ad, Pr*; E = Se, R = Ad, Pr*, Mes, Dipp). No solubility problems were encountered in oxidative addition reactions with diphenyl diselenide, affording products of the type 1R Ge(SePh2)2, whose crystal structures could be determined in four cases (R = TMS, tBu, Mes, Dipp). Short intramolecular CH ··· Se contacts compatible with hydrogen bonds were observed for [ 1Ad Ge(μ‐Se)]2, [ 1Pr* Ge(μ‐Se)]2, and 1tBu Ge(SePh2)2.  相似文献   

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