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1.
柠檬酸溶解-热解法合成纳米晶SnO2粉体 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The SnO2 nanocrystaline powders were synthesized by citric acid dissolution-pyrolysis method. The medium products were analyzed by FTIR. The products were characterized by TG-DTA, XRD, TEM, SEM etc. The results showed that the Sn was coordinated with aconitase acid during the dissolution. The SnO2 particles prepared by this method were with a mean size of 5~10 nm. The calcined products presented lacunose micro-arc structure, thus favoring the application as gas-sensitive materials. 相似文献
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采用一种简便的无模板溶剂热法合成了尺寸在1μm左右、具有堆叠结构的SnO_2/TiO_2空心微球。合成过程的研究结果表明:SnO_2/TiO_2空心微球在形成过程中经历了空心、被填充、分裂到再次形成空心结构的过程。随后,SnO_2/TiO_2空心微球作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能测试结果表明:SnO_2/TiO_2空心微球在0.1 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下,其首次放电容量达到1 484.9mAh·g~(-1),库伦效率为49.0%。经过600次循环后,其放电容量依然可以达到565.6 mAh·g~(-1),显示了高的容量和循环稳定性。 相似文献
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基于SnO2为修饰层的Au-Pt / SnO2 / Au复合电极研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用真空镀膜法在Au电极上沉积SnO2薄膜,在HAuCl4和H2PtCl4的混合溶液中利用直接还原法,将Au-Pt双金属纳米颗粒组装在SnO2 / Au电极上,得到Au-Pt / SnO2 / Au复合电极。采用SEM、TEM、XPS及CV曲线测定对Au-Pt / SnO2 / Au复合电极进行了表征。结果表明:复合电极上双金属纳米颗粒分布均匀,粒子粒径约为25 nm左右。SnO2作为修饰层以配位键与双金属纳米粒子结合。Au-Pt / SnO2 / Au复合电极具有良好对甲醇氧化的电化学性能。 相似文献
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电镀烧结法制备Ti/SnO2-Sb2O4电极的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Ti/SnO2-Sb2O4 electrode has been prepared by the electroplate-sinter method. The effect of SbCl3 adding amount and sintering temperature on its electrode lifetime and oxygen evolution potential were investigated by means of EDX, SEM and XRD analysis. The results indicated that the electrode appeared the best performance when the SbCl3 adding amounts was 0.2g and the sintering temperature was 550℃. In optimized conditions Ti substrate was entirely covered by SnO2-Sb2O4 and the combinations among them were tight. Due to the use of electroplate method, the electrical conductivity, the oxygen evolution potential and the electrode lifetime were increased, so the elec-tro-catalytic activity and the electrochemical stability of the prepared electrode were found to be superior. 相似文献
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纳米SnO2的非水溶剂溶胶-凝胶法制备与表征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Nanometer SnO2 powders were successfully prepared by non-hydrolytic sol-gel approach combined with heat treatments using tin tetrachloride as starting material and ethylene glycol as solvent. The reaction mechanism of the sol-gel process is proposed. Results indicate that the -OHCH2CH2OH- prevent Cl- ion from accessing to tin Sn4+ due to steric effect, and hence increaseing the stability of the sol solution. Ethylene glycol functions not only as a complextion agent to form a polymer network but also as a “spacer” to modulate the distance between metal ions, preventing metal oxide particles from aggregation during desiccation of the sol. The effects of heat treatments on the evolution of structure and morphology of nanosized SnO2 powders were studied. The powders with narrow size distribution around 15~20 nm could be obtained at 500 ℃ for 4 h. 相似文献
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采用溶胶-水热法制备了不同尺寸的SnO2纳米粒子, 并将其作为表面增强拉曼散射(Surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS)活性基底, 重点探讨了表面缺陷能级与SERS性能的关系. 观察到4-巯基苯甲酸(4-MBA)吸附在150 ℃水热合成的SnO2纳米粒子上的SERS 信号最强, 随着在空气中煅烧温度的升高, SERS信号逐渐减弱. 分别用透射电子显微镜、 紫外-可见光谱、 荧光光谱、 X射线衍射和X射线光电子能谱对SnO2纳米粒子进行了表征. 结果表明, SnO2纳米粒子的表面氧空位和缺陷等表面性质在增强拉曼散射性能中发挥着重要的作用, 表面氧空位和缺陷等含量越高其SERS信号就越强. 相似文献
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采用静电纺丝技术由不同浓度纺丝液制备了SnO_2-PVP纤维,并分别在氩气和空气中煅烧后获得SnO_2纤维和SnO_2-C纤维。物化性能表征表明所合成的SnO_2纤维及SnO_2-C纤维具有特殊的网格结构,存在较多空隙能有效缓冲SnO_2充放电过程中剧烈的体积变化,因而样品具有比SnO_2纳米颗粒更好的储锂性能。SnO_2-C纤维中含有较多的C具有较好的倍率性能,但放电容量较低。SnO_2纤维具有较高的放电容量,同时具有较好的循环稳定性。在电流密度为0.4、0.8、1.6、2.4和4 A·g-1,10次循环后放电容量分别达到1 372、832、685、642和599 mAh·g~(-1),且当电流密度回落至0.4 A·g-1时放电容量可恢复到1 113 mAh·g-1;另外在电流密度1.6 A·g-1下充放电200次后纤维的放电容量仍可达到613 mAh·g~(-1)、库伦效率接近100%,表现出极好的倍率性能和循环稳定性。 相似文献
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由简单的水热法合成了一种可高效降解有机染料的氧缺陷型Sn O2纳米颗粒新型光催化剂,用X射线衍射、透射电镜、高分辨透射电镜和紫外-可见分光光度计等手段对其结构及性能进行了表征。结果表明,所制备的催化剂的禁带宽度最小可达2.90e V,可实现对可见光的有效吸收利用,对甲基橙的降解反应具有很高的光催化活性。将该催化剂(1g/L)分散在10mg/L的甲基橙溶液中,可见光照射下,40min内甲基橙的降解率达99%以上。由于该催化剂具有合成方法简单、高效、成本低和反应条件温和等特点,为有效解决有机染料对环境的污染问题提供了一条新的途径。 相似文献
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以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为模板, 采用低温固相反应法合成了硫掺杂二氧化锡(S-SnO2)纳米粉体材料, 并用XRD、XPS、SEM、UV-Vis、FTIR及HR-TEM等技术对材料进行了表征, 探讨了S掺杂SnO2纳米材料对百草枯的可见光降解性能, 分析了S掺杂效应的作用机理。结果表明, 采用固相反应法所得SnO2及S-SnO2纳米材料的禁带宽度变窄, SDBS对材料的表面结构具有一定的调控作用。S是以S(Ⅳ)和S(Ⅵ)的形式进入SnO2晶格形成Sn1-xSxO2晶体结构而不是进入SnO2晶格间隙, Sn-O-S键的弯曲振动峰介于930~980 cm-1之间。S的掺杂使SnO2纳米材料表面活性增强, 光催化降解百草枯的活性依次为SnO2 2(SDBS) 2 2(SDBS), 2 h内, S-SnO2(SDBS)样品对除草剂百草枯的光催化活性达95.2%, 其主要原因是S-SnO2(SDBS)材料表面有更多的羟基和进入SnO2晶格的S, 有利光生电荷的有效分离。 相似文献
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以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为模板,采用低温固相反应法合成了硫掺杂二氧化锡(S-Sn O2)纳米粉体材料,并用XRD、XPS、SEM、UV-Vis、FTIR及HR-TEM等技术对材料进行了表征,探讨了S掺杂Sn O2纳米材料对百草枯的可见光降解性能,分析了S掺杂效应的作用机理。结果表明,采用固相反应法所得Sn O2及S-Sn O2纳米材料的禁带宽度变窄,SDBS对材料的表面结构具有一定的调控作用。S是以S(Ⅳ)和S(Ⅵ)的形式进入Sn O2晶格形成Sn1-xSxO2晶体结构而不是进入Sn O2晶格间隙,Sn-O-S键的弯曲振动峰介于930~980 cm-1之间。S的掺杂使Sn O2纳米材料表面活性增强,光催化降解百草枯的活性依次为Sn O2Sn O2(SDBS)SSn O2S-Sn O2(SDBS),2 h内,S-Sn O2(SDBS)样品对除草剂百草枯的光催化活性达95.2%,其主要原因是S-Sn O2(SDBS)材料表面有更多的羟基和进入Sn O2晶格的S,有利光生电荷的有效分离。 相似文献
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A.P. Rizzato C.V. Santilli S.H. Pulcinelli 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2000,19(1-3):811-816
The X-ray reflectivity technique was applied in the study of tin oxide films deposited by sol-gel dip-coating on borosilicate glasses. The influence of the withdrawal speed and temperature of thermal treatment on the film structure was analyzed. We have compared the thermal evolution of the density and the shrinkage of the films with these properties measured for the monolithic xerogel by helium picnometry and thermomechanical analysis. In agreement with the Landau-Levich model, the layer thickness increases by increasing the withdrawal speed. Nevertheless, it decreases with the increase of the thermal treatment temperature, due to the densification process. The values of apparent density are smaller than the skeletal density, which shows that the films are porous. The comparison between the film and the monolith indicates that shrinkage during firing is anisotropic, occurring essentially perpendicular to the coating surface. 相似文献
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Licciulli A. Mazzarelli S. De G. Siciliano P. Vasanelli L. Rella R. 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2001,21(3):195-201
Pure, Pd and Os modified SnO2 films were prepared by the sol gel process and used as active materials in gas sensing devices. The films have been prepared starting from tin tetrachloride in alcoholic solution hydrolysed with water. The modifier was added to the sol as inorganic salt. Pd acetate and Os chloride were the Pd and Os precursors respectively. A structural and morphological study was carried out by means of Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer (SIMS) and x-ray Diffraction (XRD). The electrical resistance variations as a function of various gaseous atmospheres and temperature were measured to evaluate the sensing properties of the films. CO, CH4, CH3OH and C2H5OH gases were used for the tests. Following results were obtained: Pd is present in the form of PdO nanoclusters in the polycrystalline SnO2 matrix as evidenced by XRD spectra whereas Os is a cationic modifier uniformly dispersed as evidenced in SIMS studies. Optimum sensing temperature and the sensitivity variations, with respect to the undoped films, differ according to the gaseous species. It looks therefore promising to use inexpensive, sol-gel derived, array of films in smart gas sensing devices that are able to recognise gas species and concentration. 相似文献
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Nano-sized HfO2, C and C/HfO2 powders obtained through hydrothermal process have been investigated by XRD, TEM and FTIR, and Different precursors, namely Hafnium(Ⅱ) oleate and Hafnium(Ⅱ) hydroxide derived from homogeneous precipitation method, have been chosen for the synthesis of nanometric HfO2 via hydrothermal process. The results indicate that using the former material as the precursor under identically hydrothermal process can yield finer HfO2 nanoparticles, compared to using the latter. Nano-sized Carbon of about 100 nm with square morphology and narrow size distribution can be obtained through hydrothermal reaction of sucrose solution at 200 ℃ for 6 h. The addition of as-synthesised Carbon nanoparticles into the hydrothermal process of HfO2 powder can produce C/HfO2 composite powders with core-shell structure. 相似文献
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Ali Hassanzadeh Behrang Moazzez Hossein Haghgooie Mohsen Nasseri Mir Maqsood Golzan Hassan Sedghi 《Central European Journal of Chemistry》2008,6(4):651-656
A simple sol-gel process is proposed for synthesizing SnO2 nanopowders utilizing normal propanol and isopropanol mixture instead of just using normal alcohols such as ethanol, propanol
or butanol for Sol preparation. No surfactant was used in this Sol preparation process. The structure of sol is studied by
FT-IR-ATR technique. On altering propanol to isopropanol ratio, three different nanopowders were obtained. X-ray powder diffraction,
high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction pattern (SAED) and BET techniques
were used to characterize prepared powders. Results show that smaller grain size was obtained via altering alcohols ratio.
In addition, Merck commercial SnO2 powder was also used as a reference material for comparing purposes; because it has nanometer scale (ca. 60 nm). HRTEM images
show that obtained nanopowders were polycrystalline and their average diameters fall into the range of 6–80 nm. Finally, the
effect of alkoxide ligand size through sol-gel synthesis on product particle size is discussed.
相似文献
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以金属In、SnCl_4·5H_2O为原料、尿素为沉淀剂,采用共沉淀法加入(NH_4)_2SO_4,制备出六方相ITO纳米粉体。通过XRD、TEM、四探针电阻仪、荧光光谱仪以及XPS,研究了ITO粉体的晶型、颗粒形貌、电性能以及光性能。结果表明:加入(NH_4)_2SO_4后,ITO粉体形貌由类菱面体和类球形混合体转变为类球形;不加(NH_4)_2SO_4时晶型为立方相结构,当(NH_4)_2SO_4与铟的物质的量之比为1∶3.45和1∶1.73时粉体晶型转变为六方相结构,继续添加(NH_4)_2SO_4晶型又转变为立方相结构。立方相ITO粉体的电阻率较低为0.64Ω·cm,六方相ITO粉体在相同激发波长下,发射光强度相对较高。 相似文献
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以金属In、SnCl45H2O为原料、尿素为沉淀剂,采用共沉淀法加入(NH4)2SO4,制备出六方相ITO纳米粉体。通过XRD、TEM、四探针电阻仪、荧光光谱仪以及XPS,研究了ITO粉体的晶型、颗粒形貌、电性能以及光性能。结果表明:加入(NH4)2SO4后,ITO粉体形貌由类菱面体和类球形混合体转变为类球形;不加(NH4)2SO4时晶型为立方相结构,当(NH4)2SO4与铟的物质的量之比为1:3.45和1:1.73时粉体晶型转变为六方相结构,继续添加(NH4)2SO4晶型又转变为立方相结构。立方相ITO粉体的电阻率较低为0.64 Ωcm,六方相ITO粉体在相同激发波长下,发射光强度相对较高。 相似文献
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Oxide Semiconductor Gas Sensors 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Semiconductor gas sensors utilize porous polycrystalline resistors made of semiconducting oxides. The working principle involves the receptor function played by the surface of each oxide grain and the transducer function played by each grain boundary. In addition, the utility factor of the sensing body also takes part in determining the gas response. Therefore, the concepts of sensor design are determined by considering each of these three key factors. The requirements are selection of a base oxide with high mobility of conduction electrons and satisfactory stability (transducer function), selection of a foreign receptor which enhances surface reactions or adsorption of target gas (receptor function), and fabrication of a highly porous, thin sensing body (utility factor). Recent progress in sensor design based on these factors is described. 相似文献