蒸馏分离-分光光度法测定枸杞子中的微量锗

利用盐酸与锗元素反应生成易挥发的四氯化锗，以蒸馏方法将四氯化锗分离出来，然后在1～1．5mol／L盐酸溶液中，用显色剂苯芴酮与四氯化锗进行显色反应生成橙红色配合物，在500nm波长处进行分光光度法测定。在0～200μg／(50mL)，线性方程为A=0．1714c．相关系数r=0．9996。该方法的检出限为0．0588μg／mL，测定结果的相对标；位偏差为2．24%～2．30%(n=11)，平均回收率为95．3％～95．4％。     

高效液相色谱同时测定鸡蛋中4种氟喹诺酮类药物残留

建立了固相萃取—反相高效液相色谱同时分析鸡蛋样品中4种氟喹诺酮类药物残留量的方法。对鸡蛋样品的提取及其在C18固相萃取柱上的净化条件进行了研究,采用高效液相色谱分离,荧光检测器检测(λex=280nm,λem=450nm),外标法定量。4种沙星标准曲线的线性回归系数均在0．9999以上,环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、沙拉沙星的线性范围为2．5～500μg／L;达诺沙星为0．5～100μg/L。鸡蛋样品中4种沙星的加标回收率为78．1％～95．7％;相对标准偏差为4．1％～16．2％。环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、沙拉沙星的最低检出限为10μg／kg;达诺沙星的最低检出限为2μg/kg。     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠-吖啶橙体系的共振光散射和二级散射光谱及其分析应用

研究了阴离子表面活性剂(AS)十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)与吖啶橙(AO)作用的共振光散射(RLS)、二级散射(SOS)和反二级散射(ASOS)光谱, 并建立了AO共振光散射法和SOS、ASOS法水相直接测定环境水样中AS的新方法。结果表明: (1) 在pH 1.8~4.0的范围内, 加入SDBS导致AO共振光散射剧烈增强, 在λem=λex=537nm处, 存在一RLS峰, 其强度与SDBS的浓度成线性关系, 据此建立了一种测定水中AS(以SDBS计)的RLS法。在2.5×10-5 mol/L的AO存在下, 方法的线性范围为0.028~8.71 mg/L, 检出限为8.36μg/L。用该法测定了环境水样中的AS, 结果满意。(2) 当λem=321 nm,λex=642 nm时, 在0.014~8.71 mg/L含量范围内,ΔIASOS 与溶液中物质的浓度成正比, 线性相关系数为0.993, 检出限为4.31μg/L; 当λem= 642 nm, λex= 321 nm时, 在0.050~8.71 mg/L范围内,ΔISOS 与溶液中物质的浓度成正比, 线性相关系数为0.993, 检出限为14.9μg/L。     

利用荧光共振能量转移体系测定食品中NO2-的研究

在λcx/λem=450／580nm,0．1mol／L的HCl溶液中,番红花红T和吖啶橙能够发生有效的共振能量转移,使得番红花红T荧光增强,同时吖啶橙的荧光猝灭,而NO2^-的加入使得两者的荧光强度同时减弱。由此建立了一种新的测定痕量NO2^-的方法。结果表明,NO2^-在0．02～10μg／mL范围内与染料的荧光强度减弱程度呈良好的线性关系,方法检出限为1．73ng／mL;该法用于食品中NO2^-的测定,回收率为105．0％～112．4％。     

荧光法测定环境水中微量久效磷

采用荧光分光光度法测定了环境水中微量久效磷的含量。在0.25％的吲哚丙酮溶液与0.25％的过硼酸钠溶液的混合液中,体系温度为5℃时,λ_x/λ_m=420 nm/500 nm。检测限为4.0μg/L,线性范围为0～3.2μg/mL,回收率为98％～104％,结果令人满意。     

荧光红-曙红Y能量转移及荧光猝灭法测定痕量铜(Ⅱ)的研究

在λex／λem=404．7／550nm,乳化剂OP存在下,荧光红-曙红Y能够发生有效能量转移,使曙红Y荧光强度大大提高;在pH6．5～7．6的KH2PO4-NaOH缓冲溶液中,Cu(Ⅱ)与曙红Y和邻菲罗啉形成配合物,使曙红Y的荧光猝灭,从而建立了测定痕量铜的荧光分析新方法。铜含量在0～250μg／L范围内与曙红Y的荧光猝灭程度呈良好的线性关系。方法的检出限为0．82μg／L;测定100μg／L铜溶液,其RSD为4．6％(n=11);样品加标回收率为102．1％～105％。本法用于人发、茶叶和大米中痕量铜的测定,结果满意。     

荧光法测定食品包装材料中的双酚A

建立了用β-环糊精包被双酚A,使荧光强度增强,从而定量检测食品包装材料中双酚A含量的方法。在pH=4,波长λex／λem=282／318nm时,检出限为0．2μg／L,线性范围为1—10μg／L,回收率为98％～102％。本法检测灵敏、准确、快速简便。     

伊环糊精增敏荧光法测定氯氰菊酯的研究

采用荧光光谱法探讨了β-环糊精（pCD）与农药氯氰菊酯间的超分子相互作用。研究结果表明，β-环糊精与氯氰菊酯可形成1：1的超分子包合物，其包合常数为37L／mol。包合物在λex／λem=328／368nm处发射强荧光，据此建立了测定氯氰菊酯的荧光分析方法。本法荧光强度与氯氰菊酯浓度在0．04～0．2μg／mL范围内，呈良好的线性关系，相关系数r=0．9996，检出限为0．024μg／mL。该体系的抗干扰能力及稳定性好。对实际样品进行了分析，结果满意。     

铬天青S共振光散射法测定脱氧核糖核酸

介绍在阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)存在下阴离子染料铬天青S(CAS)共振光散射(RLS)法测定脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)的方法。在pH=5．27的六次甲基四铵一盐酸缓冲溶液中，研究了CAS—CT-MAB—yDNA体系的RLS光谱特征、影响因素和最佳反应条件。在最佳条件下，体系的RLS强度增加值△I与yDNA的浓度在50～800μg／L和1000～2000μg／L呈线性关系，其线性回归方程分别为△I=0．48c 2．56和△I=0．14c 17．86，相关系数分别为0．9997和0．9991，检出限为4．3ng／mL。该方法简便、快速，应用于合成样品中yDNA的测定，测定结果的相对标准偏差为2．93％～4．71％，回收率为97．8％～105．2％。     

2，3，4-兰羟基苯乙酮缩-2-羧基苯胺与铜的高灵敏度荧光反应及其应用

合成了新荧光试剂2,3，4-三羟基苯乙酮缩-2-羧基苯胺(TAFA)。详细研究了试剂与铜的荧光反应新体系的最佳适宜条件。在pH9．0的乙醇／水(3．5：6．5，V/V)溶液中，该试剂与铜离子形成稳定的络合物，组成比为1：1(金属：试剂)，λex/em=422．4／561．6nm。所建立的铜的荧光分析方法的线性范围为0.5～120.0μg／L；检出限为0．26μg／L。方法成功地应用于矿泉水和水中痕量铜的测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.