无过渡金属体系下C(sp^2)—H键的自由基反应构建C—N键研究进展

C—N键广泛存在于药物分子、天然产物及功能材料中,开发简洁高效的C—N键构建方法具有重要意义.近年来,无过渡金属体系下C(sp^2)—H键的自由基反应构建C—N键取得了诸多进展.该方法反应条件相对温和,反应活性较高,为C—N键构建提供了一条新途径.根据氮源类型的不同,对近年来C(sp^2)—H键的自由基反应构建C—N键的研究进展进行简要论述.     

美登素全合成的研究——Ⅲ.C_5—N片段的合成

本文报道美登素的重要中间体C_5—N片段的合成。该片段含有美登素分子中的芳香环、二个共轭双键和三个手性碳原子C_6,C_7和C_(10)。     

含铕—金属键的金属有机化合物的合成与~(151)Eu Mssbauer谱的研究

含金属—金属键的金属有机化合物在理论和应用上都有重要意义.我们曾报道了含稀土元素—铁键和含稀土元素—锡键的金属有机化合物的合成和结构研究.本工作由(DBM)_2EuOAc(1)(DBM=二苯甲酰甲烷负离子,下同)合成了五个新的含铕—金属键的化合物:(DBM)_2Eu—P(C_6H_5)_2(2),(DBM)_2Eu—Sn(C_6H_5)_3(3),(DBM)_2Eu—Fe(CO)_2(C_5H_5)(4),(DBM)_2Eu—Mo(CO)_3(C_5H_5)(5)和(DBM)_2Eu—W(CO)_3(C_5H_5)(6).通过它们的~(151)Eu     

亚硝酸叔丁酯参与C—N键构建的研究进展

通过硝化反应构建C—N键是有机合成的一种重要策略.近年来,利用亚硝酸叔丁酯作为硝化试剂来合成含氮化合物引起化学家们的广泛关注,并取得了诸多的研究进展.该方法反应条件温和,反应区域选择性好,为C—N键构建提供了一种绿色、高效的途径.按反应底物类型的不同,对近年来亚硝酸叔丁酯参与C—N键构建的研究进展进行了综述.     

C—N键断裂的研究进展

C—N键作为常见的化学键广泛分布在有机分子中,C—N键的活化断裂在有机反应与生命化学过程中扮演重要的角色。文章从过渡金属催化、强氧化剂氧化、光催化、生物酶催化与其他方法五个方面概述了断裂C—N键的方法,对其优缺点、机理进行总结分析,并指出目前面临的挑战及发展方向。     

季铵盐作为胺源经由两次C—N键活化的酯的胺解反应（英文）

报道了一种负载钯纳米颗粒催化多种芳基酯与季铵盐经由两次C—N键活化的,选择性合成酰胺的胺解反应.在这个反应中,Pd/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂表现出卓越的催化活性和空气中至少五次循环的重复利用性.试验结果表明季铵盐的第一次C—N键断裂得到卤代烷和三级胺,第二次C—N键断裂是通过产生亚胺离子中间体完成的.     

铜催化C—N,C—O偶联反应的研究进展

C—N,C—O键偶联是有机合成中的一类重要反应,铜催化的偶联反应是该类化学键形成中的主要手段之一,相比钯等过渡金属,金属铜具有低毒、廉价、反应条件温和等优点.按照所形成化合物的结构类型综述了铜催化C—N,C—O键偶联反应的最新研究进展.     

基于N-亚硝基导向的芳烃C(sp2)—H键官能团化研究进展

近年来,N-亚硝基通过与过渡金属螯合协同活化芳烃C(sp²)—H键,成功构建了C—C键和C—杂原子键的例子已有报道.它基于内部N—N键的氧化断裂,在反应过程中无需添加外部氧化剂,反应结束后可自行离去,发展成为一种新型高效的导向基团,受到了研究者的广泛关注.总结了基于N-亚硝基导向的芳烃C(sp²)—H键官能团化的最新研究进展.     

异核金属簇的催化作用——Ⅲ、2—丁烯的醛化

本文对2—丁烯的醛化反应进行了研究。考察了反应温度、溶剂、催化剂对2—丁烯醛化的影响,并进行了催化剂循环使用的寿命实验。YFeCo_3(CO)_(12)[Y=C_6H_5CH_2Me_3N.(C_2H_5)_4N)]催化剂,在较缓和的条件下具有较高的转化率和选择性,当压力为4.0×10~6Pa.130℃时,2—丁烯转化率达90％以上,醛选择性接近100％。     

铜催化N—O键断裂策略研究进展

N—O键断裂反应是向化合物中引入含氮、氧官能团的有效策略之一.铜催化剂来源丰富,价格便宜,铜催化剂在有机合成中占有不可替代的地位.铜催化的N—O断裂,由于具有反应条件温和、官能团兼容性好、原子经济性高等优点,在有机合成中被广泛应用于构建C—N和C—O键.N—O键的断裂策略在复杂天然产物及药物分子的合成中都有成功的应用.综述了近些年来铜金属催化N—O断裂的新策略及N—O断裂策略在天然产物和药物分子合成中的应用.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.