Effects of annealing temperature on the microstructure and hardness of TiAlSiN hard coatings

TiAlSiN hard coatings were synthesized on high-speed steel using an arc ion enhanced magnetic sputtering hybrid system.The microstructure and hardness of the coatings at different annealing temperatures were explored by means of XRD,TEM,EDAX and Vickers indentation.The as-deposited TiAlSiN coatings were confirmed to be amorphous due to high depositing rate and low deposition temperature during the film growth.The transformation from amorphous to nanocomposites of nano-crystallites and amorphousness were observed after the annealing treatment,the microstructure of TiAlSiN coatings annealed at 800°C and 1000°C were consisted of crystalline hcp-AlN,fcc-TiN and amorphous phase,however,the coatings were only consisted of fcc-TiN and amorphous phase when annealing at 1100°C and 1200°C.Meanwhile,the formation of Al2O3 was detected on the coating surface after annealing at 1200°C and it indicated the excellent oxidation resistance of the TiAlSiN coatings under the present experimental conditions.Furthermore,the average grain size of the TiAlSiN coatings after high temperature annealing even at 1200°C was less than 30 nm and the size increased with the increasing temperature.However,the hardness of the so-deposited coatings with HV0.2N=3300 dramatically decreased with the increase of temperature and reached nearly to the hardness of TiN coatings with HV0.2N=2300.     

Microstructural evolution during ultra-rapid annealing of severely deformed low-carbon steel: strain,temperature, and heating rate effects

An interaction between ferrite recrystallization and austenite transformation in low-carbon steel occurs when recrystallization is delayed until the intercritical temperature range by employing high heating rate. The kinetics of recrystallization and transformation is affected by high heating rate and such an interaction. In this study, different levels of strain are applied to low-carbon steel using a severe plastic deformation method. Then, ultra-rapid annealing is performed at different heating rates of 200–1100℃/s and peak temperatures of near critical temperature. Five regimes are proposed to investigate the effects of heating rate, strain, and temperature on the interaction between recrystallization and transformation. The microstructural evolution of severely deformed low-carbon steel after ultra-rapid annealing is investigated based on the proposed regimes. Regarding the intensity and start temperature of the interaction, different microstructures consisting of ferrite and pearlite/martensite are formed. It is found that when the interaction is strong, the microstructure is refined because of the high kinetics of transformation and recrystallization. Moreover, strain shifts an interaction zone to a relatively higher heating rate. Therefore, severely deformed steel should be heated at relatively higher heating rates for it to undergo a strong interaction.     

热处理工艺对T8钢显微组织及硬度的影响

T8钢由于含碳量高,过剩碳化物极多,塑性和韧性差,若热处理工艺不合适,使材料在服役早期出现开裂和破碎的现象。通过SEM,OPM及XRD等试验方法,研究了T8钢组织和性能随球化退火时间、淬火温度及回火温度的变化。结果表明：T8钢在600℃球化退火2 h后,原始组织中的碳化物即可获得充分球化,以粒状形式细小均匀地分布在基体中,延长退火时间不显著改变碳化物的球化效果;试样经（770±10）℃保温,6 min油淬后,获得的隐晶马氏体组织硬度最高;试样经180~210℃回火1 h空冷后,消除了淬火过程中产生的残余应力,最终获得有球状碳化物均匀分布的隐晶马氏体组织,回火试样硬度较淬火态略有下降。     

退火温度对溅射Al膜微结构及光学常数的影响

用直流溅射镀膜工艺在室温Si基片上制备了250nm厚的Al膜,并用X射线衍射及反射式椭偏光谱技术,对薄膜的微结构和光学常数在不同退火温度下的变化进行了测试分析。结构分析表明:退火后的Al膜均呈多晶状态,晶体结构仍为面心立方;随着退火温度由室温20℃左右升高到400℃,薄膜的平均晶粒尺寸由22.8nm增加到25.1nm;平均晶格常数(4.047)略比标准值4.04960小。椭偏光谱测量结果表明:2600～8300光频范围内,退火温度对折射率n影响较小,对吸收系数k的影响较为明显。     

低硬度P91钢弯头的组织与性能分析

火力发电通过提高发电机组的蒸汽参数可以获得更高的发电效率,但更高的蒸汽参数给火电厂的安全运营带来新挑战。蒸汽管道弯头是火电机组系统中的事故多发区,其组织性能的研究对于指导管件生产与电厂设备运营管理具有重要意义。某电厂某1 000 MW超超临界机组在进行金属监督检验时,发现材质为P91钢的管道弯头背弧面局部硬度偏低。通过硬度试验、拉伸试验、金相检测、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜等分析,对其硬度偏低部位的显微组织与力学性能进行研究。经分析,P91弯头局部区域硬度偏低的主要原因是组织老化、析出相长大导致其各项强化作用减弱。     

激光焊接速度对焊缝组织和硬度分布的影响

利用激光焊接工艺焊接核级不锈钢,通过改变激光焊接速度得到不同的焊接接头。采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜等手段研究了熔深比、δ/γ比、组织形貌以及焊缝中各相的成分。通过显微硬度测试了焊缝接头上硬度分布。随着焊接速度的增加,焊缝熔深比线性增加,焊缝中啄-铁素体含量增加,岛状组织增多,板条状组织增多,蠕虫状组织减少,焊缝区的平均硬度值增加。     

Effects of normal stress,surface roughness,and initial grain size on the microstructure of copper subjected to platen friction sliding deformation

The effects of applied normal stress, surface roughness, and initial grain size on the microstructure of pure Cu developed during platen friction sliding deformation (PFSD) processing were investigated. In each case, the deformation microstructure was characterized and the hardness of the treated surface layer was measured to evaluate its strength. The results indicated that the thickness of the deformed layer and the hardness at any depth increased with increasing normal stress. A smaller steel platen surface roughness resulted in less microstructural refinement, whereas the microstructural refinement was enhanced by decreasing the surface roughness of the Cu sample. In the case of a very large initial grain size (d > 10 mm), a sharper transition from fine-grain microstructure to undeformed material was obtained in the treated surface layer after PFSD processing.     

等温热处理对挤压态镁锂合金组织、硬度及延伸率的影响

采用氩气氛下感应熔炼和正向挤压变形制备了Mg-7.5Li-3.5Al-1Zn-1Ce-0.5Sn镁锂合金板材,然后在真空热处理炉中对挤压态合金进行等温退火,并采用金相观察和布氏硬度测试研究了等温热处理对合金板材显微组织和布氏硬度的影响.通过金相显微镜观察表明,等温处理温度对合金显微组织的影响较大,在较低温度下,只发生两相的形态和体积分数的变化,合金几乎不发生或需要较长时间才发生静态再结晶.在较高温度下,合金快速发生再结晶,合金晶粒细化,但随着保温时间的延长,晶粒有所长大.不同的组织形态对应的硬度不同,α相呈球化时的硬度值最高.     

切削大变形对材料微结构及硬度的影响

在金属切削过程中,剧烈的大剪切变形可以产生具有超细晶结构的切屑,从而使其获得比本体材料更高的硬度和强度.文中比较了不同的金属和合金在各种刀具前角和切削速度下,切屑上产生的剪应变、切屑的微结构及硬度的变化规律.实验结果显示:随着刀具前角的减小,切屑的微结构显著细化,其硬度随之极大提高;切削速度的减小提高了切屑的硬度,但对其微结构的影响不甚明显;采用负前角刀具在较低的切削速度下能加工出具有超细晶结构和高硬度的切屑材料,而切削速度的提高将使大剪切变形引起的硬度增长变缓.     

切削强烈塑性变形对材料微结构及硬度的影响

金属切削过程中,剧烈的大剪切变形可以产生具有超细晶结构的切屑从而使其获得了比本体材料更高的硬度和强度。本文对比了不同的金属和合金在各种刀具前角和切削速度条件下,切屑上产生的剪应变、切屑的微结构及其硬度的变化规律。实验结果显示随着刀具前角的减小切屑的微结构得到显著细化,其硬度随之得到极大地提高;而切削速度的减小提高了切屑的硬度但其微结构的变化不甚明显;采用负前角刀具在较低的切削速度下能加工出具有超细晶结构和高硬度的切屑材料,而切削速度的提高将使大剪切变形引起的硬度增长减弱。     

退火温度对430不锈钢冷轧板组织和力学性能的影响

针对现场生产的430不锈钢冷轧板,通过高温连续退火实验研究了退火温度对材料显微组织、强度、塑性以及各向异性性能的影响.通过实验得到了合理的两段式加热连续退火工艺:选取中间温度为600℃,加热II段的加热速率为2.3℃·s-1,最高加热温度为840℃.随着退火温度的升高,薄板的屈服强度和硬度呈明显的两阶段降低趋势,延伸率呈"S"型趋势增加,平均塑性应变比基本保持不变(1.25左右),而轧制平面各向异性指数有一定的降低.针对430不锈钢冷轧板分别建立了屈服强度与退火软化率和延伸率之间的定量关系.     

强塑性变形在镁合金中的应用研究进展

本文综述了等径角挤压技术(Equal Channel Angular Pressing,ECAP)、高压扭转变形技术(High Pressure Torsion,HPT)、多向锻造技术(Multiple Forging,MPF)和高应变速率轧制技术(High Strain Rate Rolling,HSRR)4种典型强塑性变形技术在镁合金中的应用现状,分析其应用局限性,并指出了当前强塑性变形技术的发展方向。     

基于组织均匀性的690合金管冷轧及退火工艺优化

针对国产690合金成品管晶粒组织均匀性控制差的问题,引入不均匀因子Z评定组织均匀性,设计单、双道次冷轧和退火实验.实验结果表明:690合金荒管经变形量50%的单道次冷轧,在1100℃下保温5 min的中间退火处理后晶粒组织最均匀;荒管经一二道次变形量依次为50%、70%的双道次冷轧,两道冷轧工序之间采用1100℃保温时间5 min的中间退火,最后在1060℃下保温5 min或者1100℃保温3 min进行固溶处理获得的组织均匀性最好.     

低温退火对锡磷青铜C5191组织和机械性能的影响

通过对锡磷青铜C5191在均匀化热处理后进行不同温度的低温热处理,并利用金相显微镜表征材料组织结构,以电子万能材料试验机测试机械性能,考察了热处理温度对锡磷青铜C5191组织结构和机械性能的影响.结果表明:锡磷青铜C5191在230℃、220℃、210℃和200℃低温热处理4h后,与未进行低温热处理的锡磷青铜C5191相比,屈服强度得到提高.随着低温热处理的温度下降,延伸率随之下降,而抗拉强度未发生明显变化,屈强比得到显著提高.在200℃热处理4h后,合金的晶粒细化程度最佳,抗拉强度为625MPa,屈服强度达到594MPa,屈强比为0.95,符合高性能锡磷青铜材料的要求.     

退火温度对退火马氏体基TRIP钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

将C-Si-Mn系TRIP钢通过完全淬火和两相区退火相结合的工艺,得到一种以退火马氏体为基体的TRIP钢(简称TAM钢),并对比分析了TAM钢在不同温度退火后的显微组织和力学性能.结果表明,TAM钢经退火后的显微组织特征为精细规整的板条退火马氏体基体、片状残余奥氏体和贝氏体/马氏体组成的混合组织.这种组织降低了基体的硬度以及基体和第二相之间的强度比,减少了基体的位错密度.随着退火温度的提高,退火马氏体基体的板条形态逐渐消失,新生马氏体/贝氏体的团状混合组织逐渐增多.当退火温度为780℃时,综合力学性能优异,抗拉强度为1130 MPa,延伸率可达20%,强塑积为22600 MPa·%.当退火温度较低时,残余奥氏体主要以片状存在于退火马氏体板条间,有利于TRIP效应的发生.     

Effects of different friction stir welding conditions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of copper plates

Friction stir welding is a new and innovative welding method used to fuse materials. In this welding method, the heat generated by friction and plastic flow causes significant changes in the microstructure of the material, which leads to local changes in the mechanical properties of the weld. In this study, the effects of various welding parameters such as the rotational and traverse speeds of the tool on the microstructural and mechanical properties of copper plates were investigated; additionally, Charpy tests were performed on copper plates for the first time. Also, the effect of the number of welding passes on the aforementioned properties has not been investigated in previous studies. The results indicated that better welds with superior properties are produced when less heat is transferred to the workpiece during the welding process. It was also found that although the properties of the stir zone improved with an increasing number of weld passes, the properties of its weakest zone, the heat-affected zone, deteriorated.     

铝含量和退火温度对锆铝合金组织性能的影响

为丰富空间结构材料种类,扩大Zr合金的应用范围,利用非自耗电弧炉熔炼了Al含量分别为2%,3%和4%（质量分数）的Zr-Al二元合金,在真空管式炉内分别进行750 ℃和800 ℃保温4 h的退火处理,借助光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜分析合金的微观组织和断口形貌,并进行硬度测定和拉伸试验。结果表明：经750 ℃保温4 h退火处理后,Zr-4Al合金的铸态组织由α-Zr和Zr₂Al转变为α-Zr和塑性更好的Zr₃Al相;在相同热处理条件下,随着Al含量的增加,合金的硬度及抗拉强度升高,延伸率下降;当Al含量相同时,随着热处理温度的升高,合金硬度、抗拉强度及延伸率下降。因此,采用向Zr中添加适量Al元素并辅之热处理的方法,可制备一种新型的Zr-Al合金,为开发新型空间结构材料提供了一种新思路。     

喷射沉积H13钢的组织和硬度

用传统铸造和喷射成形工艺制备了H13钢,然后再进行锻造加工,利用光学金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)等分析方法及硬度测试对不同工艺制备的H13钢的显微组织和硬度进行分析.研究结果表明,喷射成形及其锻造加工的H13钢的组织及硬度明显的优于传统工艺制备的H13钢.     

AlCrCuFeNi高熵合金的组织与硬度研究

利用真空电弧炉熔铸等摩尔比的AlCrCuFeNi高熵合金.X射线衍射分析与扫描电镜能谱分析表明,AlCrCuFeNi高熵合金具有面心立方和体心立方结构,合金铸态组织是典型的树枝晶,铬偏聚于晶内,而铜偏聚于枝晶间.AICrCuFeNi高熵合金具有高硬度与耐回火软化特性,铸态硬度为HV490,600℃退火后硬度还维持在HV420;高熵合金的铸态组织比较稳定.     

退火后冷却方式对冷轧中锰钢微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用拉伸试验、扫描电镜、电子背散射衍射、透射电镜、X射线衍射等手段,研究了冷乳中锰钢（0.2C-5Mn)退火后不同冷却方式下的微观组织特点和拉伸性能.实验钢冷乳退火后为铁素体加逆转变奥氏体的双相组织.退火后空冷可以获得稳定性较髙的逆转变奥氏体,且其体积分数也明显髙于退火后炉冷.退火后空冷实验钢中的逆转变奥氏体在变形过程中产生持续的TRIP效应,提髙强度的同时获得了较髙的塑性,强塑积可达到26.5GPa.%.