WCl4(OR)2Al(i-Bu)3体系合成1,2-聚丁二烯的研究

分析了五种醇与WCl₆在室温下交换反应产物氯含量,表明产物中W:Cl=1:4,故产物可写为WCl₄(OR)₂。以WCl₄(OR)₂-Al(i-Bu)₃为催化体系,在加氢汽油溶剂中可使丁二烯聚合,得到1,2-链节含量在80%,全同立构体在60%以上的聚合物。几种醇中,以n-C₁₀H₂₁OH交换产物的催化活性最高。各种聚合条件的改变,对聚合物微观结构及分子量分布影响不明显。     

固相氯化法合成氯化聚乙烯的红外光谱研究

本文研究在不同条件固相氯化聚乙烯(CPE)的红外光谱,探讨了一步和两步氯化合成的CPE的结构差别,着重讨论了两步氯化的CPE结构特点。从观察表征结晶结构和—(CH_2)_n—链段氯分布的特征频率变化表明,低温固相氯化主要发生在无定形区,并且在CPE中形成高氯化和低氯化链段(或未氯化)的嵌段结构。在两步固相氯化时,晶区受到较大程度的破坏,氯化作用已不局限在无定形区,其结晶结构的破坏主要同第二步氯化程度有关,即使CPE氯含量相同,若前后两步氯化程度不同,结构有很大差异。     

轻稀土金属β-二酮络合物催化丙烯二聚的研究

本文对以轻稀土金属β-二酮络合物为基础的催化丙烯二聚体系进行了探索性研究。找出了Pr(acac)₃。H₂O/Et₃Al₂Cl₃/PPh₃体系,在Al/Pr为30—50、P/Pr为3—6、温度为60—80℃范围内有较高二聚活性1200—1300molC₃^-/mol Pr·h和二聚转化率50—60%。在RE(ac-ac)₃/Et₃Al₂Cl₃/PPh₃和Pr(β-二酮)₃/Et₃Al₂Cl₃/PPh₃体系中,活性顺序分别为Ce～Pr>La>Nd>Sm和六氟乙酰丙酮>乙酰丙酮>二苯二甲酰甲烷,其二聚物的组成分布为:甲基戊烯64～66%,线性烯烃24.1—26.4%。二聚选择性在77—93.3%之间。     

2-甲基-2-丁烯乳液氯化反应的研究

研究了温度、时间、紫外光照射等对天然胶乳小分子模型物(2-甲基-2-丁烯乳液)氯化反应的影响,结果表明,在有紫外光照的条件下的氯化反应速率要快于无紫外光照的;温度对氯化反应有着一定影响,在50℃以下,随温度升高产物的氯含量越高,在50℃以上,对产物的氯含量的影响不大;当温度50℃,时间达到7个小时的产物的氯含量能达到6...     

气相色谱法研究配合物的热稳定性—ⅩⅣ.K2Co[Fe(CN)6]•H2O和Co3[Fe(CN)6]2•7H2O的热分解及其加氢反应

K₂Co[Fe(CN)₆〕•H₂O和Co₃〔Fe(CN)₆]₂•7H₂O的热分解经过脱水、放出(CN)₂和HCN或C≡N^-键断裂,最终固相产物中有铁钴合金生成。CN^-的多重键在加氢时断裂,生成NH₃和CH₄。以CN^-作为加氢反应的探针,考察了C≡N^-键在金属双端基间的配位活化作用。     

酞菁化合物光敏化氧化-还原反应的研究——Ⅰ.吸收光谱的研究

本文报道了几种金属酞菁化合物的吸收光谱及其特征参数。它们在可见区域内单分子吸收光谱基本是相似的,其最低电子跃迁特征吸收峰λ_max在650—700nm范围,其值随溶剂极性增加而略向红移,取代基团不同,对λ_max值影响不大,络合金属不同,λ_max值略有差别。某些取代酞菁化合物在极性小的溶剂中形成二聚体。它们是无光活性的,不适宜作光敏化剂。本文探讨了有关二聚体的形成与溶剂极性、溶液浓度、取代基团性质及络合金属原子的关系。结果表明二聚体的形成取决于取代基团的性质以及溶剂的介电常数与溶液浓度。最后计算锌酞菁磺酰胺在氯仿与乙醇中,单分子与二聚体的平衡常数K_eq=C_D/C_M²约为～10⁶l·mol^-1。     

铁系催化剂对丁烯的氧化脱氢催化作用特征

x光衍射分析表明,所制备的五种丁烯氧化脱氢用铁系催化剂样品分别具有α-Fe₂O₃、γ-Fe₂O₃、ZnFe₂O₄、ZnFe₂O₄•20%α-Fe₂O₃和ZnFe₂O₄20%γFe₂O₃物相结构。在五种样品上分别进行了氧和丁烯的吸附及其程序升温脱附,初步结果表明:α-Fe₂O₃、γ-Fe₂O₃和ZnFe₂O₄都是丁烯氧化脱氢反应的活性相,但它们吸附氧和吸附丁烯的能力不同,对丁烯的异构化、氧化脱氢和燃烧反应的作用也有所不同。结合样品作为供氧体的试验结果,对丁烯在混合双相样品上的氧化脱氢过程作了初步讨论。     

Pr3+掺杂的TiO2纳米粉体的表面特性和光催化活性

利用酸催化的溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯的和不同Pr³⁺掺杂量的TiO₂纳米粉体.以亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的光催化降解为探针反应,评价了它们的光催化活性.利用XRD和BET技术研究了Pr³⁺掺杂量和焙烧温度对TiO₂纳米粉体的相结构、晶粒尺寸和表面织构特性的影响,并用XPS和SPS技术研究了Pr³⁺掺杂的TiO₂纳米粉体的表面组成和表面光伏特性,探讨了Pr³⁺掺杂提高纳米TiO₂的光催化活性的机制.结果表明:适量Pr³⁺掺杂能显著提高纳米TiO₂的光催化活性.当Pr³⁺掺杂量为1.25%(以Pr³⁺/TiO₂质量比计),焙烧温度为600℃时,制得粉体的光催化活性最佳.Pr³⁺掺杂强烈地抑制TiO₂由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,减小晶粒尺寸,增大比表面积,增加表面羟基和吸附氧的含量,提高光生电子和空穴的分离效率,改善粉体表面的光吸收性能,上述因素均有利于光催化活性的提高.     

丁二烯的NdCl3·2Phen-HAl(i-Bu)2催化定向聚合

本文报导了一种新的二元氯化稀土定向聚合催化剂,系由氯化钕邻菲罗啉络合物(NdCl₃·2Phen)与氢化二异丁基铝(HAl(i-Eu)₂)所组成。该体系可在较宽范围内改变聚丁二烯的分子量。本文研究了该体系作用下丁二烯聚合的一般规律,着重考察了影响产物分子量的主要因素,表明HAl(i-Bu)₂是聚合过程中的主要链转移剂,HAl(i-Bu)₂/单体比是控制产物分子量的关键变量,文内对邻菲罗啉络合分子在控制产物分子量过程中可能起的作用进行了讨论。     

五氯化二氧六环合铈(Ⅳ)及其铵盐配合物的合成

本文用氢氧化铈(Ⅳ)在二氧六环中,通入干燥的HCl气体,得到了热稳定性较好的四或五氯化二氧环合铈(Ⅳ)配合物-Ce(C₄H₈O₂)₄Cl₄或HCe(C₄H₈O₂)₄Cl₅。并将五氯化二氧六环合铈(Ⅳ)配合物与不同的含氮化合物配合,合成了一些新的五氯化二氧六环合铈铵盐配合物(HL)Ce(C₄H₈O₂)_xCl₅(L=8-羟基喹啉、咪唑、邻啡啰啉、吡啶、氮杂菲、吩嗪;x=1,2,3,4)。上述配合物通过元素分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱、热分析和电子能谱进行了鉴定。研究了不同的含氮化合物对四价铈氯化物热稳定性的影响。     

聚丙烯／氯化聚乙烯共混物的形态结构

 用透射电子显微镜方法研究了聚丙烯（ｉＰＰ）和氯化聚乙烯（ＣＰＥ）共混物溶液浇铸膜的形态结构．共混物中ＣＰＥ含量≤７０％时不妨碍ｉＰＰ球晶两种结构（交叉结构和条状结构）区域的生成．在ＣＰＥ含量≥８０％时，分散相ｉＰＰ形成近乎直角（８０°）交叉的稀疏的片晶网络．在共混物的全组成范围内，ＣＰＥ结晶在ｉＰＰ片晶上附生生长，二者结晶Ｃ轴的交角为５０°     

Co-continuous phase structure formed in melt processing inducing shear bands to prevent crack propagation: Significant improvement in impact toughness of PMMA

High toughened polymeric materials have a wide application in many fields. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a typical brittle polymer and it has been difficult to prepare high toughened PMMA material for a long time. To work on this issue, co-continuous phase structure was devised in PMMA/chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) blends through controlling the interfacial tension and viscosity in this work, resulting in the pronounced enhancement of impact toughness. The notched impact strength of co-continuous blends with 40 wt% CPE was up to 28.5 kJ/m², increased by 26 times compared with pure PMMA. Selective extraction experiments, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) showed that the CPE network was thin and weak when CPE addition was low, but became dense and strong once the content was more than 20 wt%. Two toughening mechanisms, i.e. cavitation and shear yielding, were put forward based on the micrographs of impact-fractured surfaces and double-notch four-point-bending test. This work may broaden the application prospects of PMMA and provide a new strategy to prepare high toughened polymeric materials through fabricating co-continuous in polymer blends.     

Miscibility behavior of di(ethyl-2 hexyl) phthalate in binary and ternary chlorinated polymer blends

The miscibility behavior of ternary blends made by the addition of di(ethyl-2 hexyl) phthalate (DOP) to a mixture of chlorinated polymers was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Two chlorinated polymer mixtures were selected: polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with a chlorinated polyethylene containing 48 wt% Cl (CPE48), and PVC with a chlorinated PVC containing 67 wt% Cl (CPVC67). Each binary DOP/chlorinated polymer pair is miscible whereas PVC/CPE48 and PVC/CPVC67 blends are immiscible. DOP/CPE48/PVC and DOP/PVC/CPVC67 ternary blends containing, respectively, more than 55 and 20% DOP exhibit a single glass transition temperature (T_g). The spinodal between the one-T_g zone and the two-T_g zone is symmetrical in the two cases. At high DOP concentrations, a quantitative analysis of the results leads to the conclusion of the presence of a true ternary phase. At low DOP concentrations where two T_gs are observed, the DOP is distributed equally between the two chlorinated polymers forming, in the DOP/CPE48/PVC case for instance, two binary DOP/CPE48 and DOP/PVC phases. The broad immiscibility zone observed in the DOP/CPE48/PVC ternary blend as compared to the DOP/PVC/CPVC67 blend appears to be mainly caused by the high molecular weight of CPE48, as compared with PVC and CPVC67. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.     

固相法氯化聚乙烯对PVC／LLDPE共混体系性能和形态的影响

采用固相法氯化聚乙烯（ＣＰＥ）对聚氯乙烯／线型低密度聚乙烯（ＰＶＣ／ＬＬＤＰＥ）共混体系进行增容改性。扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、动态力学分析和力学性能测试结果表明，ＣＰＥ对ＰＶＣ／ＬＬＤＰＥ共混体系具有很好的增容作用。     

PHASE EQUILIBRIUM FOR THE TERNARY SYSTEM VINYL CHLORIDE-CHLORINATED POLYETHYLENE-POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE)

Swelling capacity of vinyl chloride (VC) in chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) with 25—40 wt% Cl at temperature 30—57℃was studied and their relationships were correlated with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption equations. A ternary phase diagram for VC-CPE-PVC was also established. In-situ polymerization conditions of CPE-g-VC were proposed and CPE content control was analyzed for the manufacturing process of CPE-g-VC graft product based on results of phase equilibrium study.     

Chlorinated polyethylene nanocomposites using PCL/clay nanohybrid masterbatches

Exfoliated nanocomposites were prepared by dispersion of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) grafted montmorillonite nanohybrids used as masterbatches in chlorinated polyethylene (CPE). The PCL-grafted clay nanohybrids with high inorganic content were synthesized by in situ intercalative polymerization of ε-caprolactone between silicate layers organo-modified by alkylammonium cations bearing two hydroxyl functions. The polymerization was initiated by tin alcoholate species derived from the exchange reaction of tin(II) bis(2-ethylhexanoate) with the hydroxyl groups borne by the ammonium cations that organomodified the clay. These highly filled PCL nanocomposites (25 wt% in inorganics) were dispersed as masterbatches in commercial chlorinated polyethylene by melt blending. CPE-based nanocomposites containing 3-5 wt% of inorganics have been prepared. The formation of exfoliated nanocomposites was assessed both by wide-angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The thermal and thermo-mechanical properties were studied as a function of the filler content, by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively. The mechanical properties were also assessed by tensile tests. The Young’s modulus of CPE is increased by a decade when a PCL-grafted clay masterbatch is exfoliated to reach 5 wt% of clay in the resulting nanocomposite. The influence of PCL-grafting on the properties of these nanocomposites was investigated by comparison with materials obtained with ungrafted-PCL.     

Thermooxidative degradation of poly(vinyl chloride) and chlorinated polyethylene with different Ca/Zn carboxylates

The thermooxidative degradation of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) and PVC/CPE blend 50/50 was investigated by means of dynamic and isothermal thermogravimetric analysis in the flowing atmosphere of air. To estimate the thermooxidative stability of the samples the characteristics of thermogravimetric (TG) curves were used. Kinetic parameters (the apparent activation energy E and preexponential factor Z) were calculated after isoconversional method for the first stage of dynamic degradation where dehydrochlorination (DHCl) of PVC and/or CPE is the main degradation reaction. Despite the chemical resemblance, the degradation mechanisms of CPE and PVC are different, as a consequence of differences in microregularity of the corresponding polymer chains. The addition of Ca/Zn carboxylates as well as the ratio of Ca and Zn carboxylates have considerably different influence on the investigated polymers. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

ENHANCEMENT OF DAMPING PERFORMANCE OF POLYMERS BY FUNCTIONAL SMALL MOLECULES

The addition effects of organic small molecular substances N,N'-dicyclohexyl-benzothiazyl-2-sulfenamide(DZ)and 3,9-bis{1,1-dimethyl-2[β-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionyloxy]ethyl}-2,4, 8, 10-tetraoxaspiro [5,5]-un-decane (AO-80) on the dynamic mechanical properties of chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), chlorinated polypropylene (CPP),acrylate rubber (ACM) and their blends were investigated. In the case of compatible systems such as CPE/DZ and ACM/AO-80, the height of the loss tangent (tanδ) peak of a matrix polymer (CPE or ACM) increases, and its peak position shifts to ahigher temperature with the addition of DZ or AO-80. By contrast, for incompatible CPE/AO-80, a novel transition appearedabove the glass transition temperature of CPE. This additional transition was assigned to dissociation of the intermolecularhydrogen bond between the α-hydrogen of CPE and the hydroxyl groups of AO-80 within the AO-80-rich domain. This willprovide a new concept for developing damping material. However, the minimum value between two tanδ peaks is lower. Itwas found that the temperature dependence of tanδ could be improved by adding chlorinated paraffin (CP) or ACM toCPE/AO-80. In addition, another ternary system of ACM/CPP with more AO-80 was found to be a very good self-adhesivedamping material because of the appearance of a novel transition due to an interfacial layer of ACM/CPP.     

Highly toughened poly (acrylonitrile–styrene–acrylic)/chlorinated polyethylene blends: Mechanical,rheological and thermal properties

The effect of chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) on the properties of poly (acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylic) (ASA) was investigated. As an impact modifier, CPE effectively toughened ASA. With the addition of 15 phr CPE, the impact strength increased from 25.1 kJ/m² to 41.7 kJ/m². The morphology of the blends exhibited heterogeneous structure and correlated well with the results of impact strength. The glass transition temperature corresponding with ASA remained constant, indicating that CPE did not change the dual-phase structure of ASA. In rheological tests, the enhancement of storage modulus and complex viscosity of ASA, together with Cole-Cole plots, indicated that certain changes in phase structure existed after CPE content exceeded 8 phr. Thermogravimetric analysis results suggested that CPE slightly decreased the onset degradation temperature. Our study showed that CPE, as an impact modifier, can effectively improve the toughness of ASA.     

氯化聚乙烯的热可逆共价交联

采用新型热可逆共价交联剂 ,以溶液反应法使氯化聚乙烯 (CPE)交联制得了凝胶量在 80 %左右的共价交联CPE ,研究了不同牌号CPE、催化剂及其用量、反应温度、反应时间及交联剂用量对CPE交联程度的影响 ,并测定了共价交联CPE的热可逆转化特性