Poisson线瞄准技术初步研究

Poisson斑的中心可以在很长的距离内保持与轴心共线因而能实现高精度的对心瞄准,这一技术被称为Poisson线技术.利用数值模拟和实验验证对Poisson线瞄准技术进行了初步研究.通过数值模拟发现,Poisson线上的光强随着离圆屏距离的增加而增大;Poisson斑直径随着圆屏直径增加而减小、随着距离增加而增加;其方向平行于入射激光束并过圆屏中心（待瞄准点）.Poisson线对圆屏的倾斜非常不敏感,但是对中心的偏移非常敏感.模拟中发现Poisson线对10 μm的中心偏移敏感,初步实验验证Poisson线可实现50 μm的对心误差调节.     

超高速撞击下钛基复合材料动力学行为研究

 基于已有的铝合金超高速撞击实验研究结果,采用动力分析软件,对铝球撞击铝板进行了数值模拟,验证了数值模拟结果的可靠性,进而对铝防护屏以及与铝防护屏质量相同的钛基复合材料（TMC）防护屏进行了5.52、7.00、和8.00 km/s速度下的超高速撞击模拟,分别对直径为5.02 mm的铝球以及质量等同于铝球的钛基复合材料球做了3种速度下撞击铝屏和钛基复合材料防护屏的数值模拟。通过数值模拟研究可以看出,随着撞击速度的增加,钛基复合材料防护屏的防护效果优于铝防护屏;速度不变,钛基复合材料防护屏防护钛基复合材料球撞击的效果好,铝防护屏防护铝球撞击的效果好。通过超高速撞击模型分析可知,钛基复合材料防护屏的防护效果优于铝防护屏。     

流体在微细多孔介质中的流动阻力研究

本文对空气和水流过烧结微细多孔介质内部的流动阻力进行了实验研究和数值模拟,分析不同颗粒直径条件下摩擦因子与等效雷诺数的关系.结果表明:对于水,实验及数值模拟得到的摩擦因子与经验公式符合很好.对于空气,当颗粒直径为200μm和125 μm时,由于可压缩性的影响,摩擦因子略大于经验公式结果.当颗粒直径为90μm和40 μm时,实验及考虑速度滑移得到的摩擦因子小于经验公式结果.因此,当颗粒平均直径小于90 μm时,空气在微细多孔介质中的流动需要考虑稀薄气体效应.     

“神光-Ⅱ”装置第九路靶场终端光学组件的研制

 针对“神光-Ⅱ”装置第九路系统主激光瞄准精度小于等于30 μm和大焦斑辐照均匀性优于10％的要求，提出了靶场终端光学组件的设计结构。应用有限元法对组件关键机械元件和ICF靶室整体进行动静态分析，优化了设计参数。同时与聚焦透镜配合进行数值分析列阵透镜，确定了单元数、曲率和厚度以及单元长和宽等参数。经过实验测试，主激光瞄准精度达到28.9 μm，大焦斑辐照的形状为1 000 μm×500 μm，均匀性为12.0％。     

中子照相数值模拟与实验的对比

 介绍了热中子照相的MCNP数值模拟方法,模拟了300＃反应堆Maxwell谱热中子束穿透样品射到转换屏的过程,给出了热中子对铝、铅、铁、铜的穿透能力,分析了引起模拟与实验结果不同的原因。通过模拟得到了清晰的图像,对比数值模拟与在300#反应堆中子照相装置上的实验结果,数值模拟结果图像与实验结果图像非常相似;散射中子对图像的影响也符合相同的规律,随着样品与转换屏之间的距离的增大,散射中子对结果图像的影响越来越小,当样品与转换屏之间的距离为样品尺寸的2倍时可以忽略散射中子的影响。     

迈克耳孙干涉仪非定域干涉条纹分析

针对迈克耳孙干涉仪实验调节过程中经常会出现椭圆、双曲线等非圆形二次曲线条纹的现象,本文基于点光源条件下非定域干涉的原理,推导出了干涉条纹满足的曲线方程,分析了不同条件下干涉条纹的形状,发现观察屏上可呈现圆、椭圆、抛物线、双曲线和直线5种类型的干涉条纹.基于理论结果进行了数值模拟和实验验证,数值模拟结果和实验结果吻合较好.     

聚合物阵列波导光栅复用器关键技术的研究

介绍了阵列波导光栅(AWG)复用器的工作原理;运用光栅衍射理论和马卡提里近似法,对中心波长为1.55 μm,波长间隔为1.6 nm的聚合物AWG进行参量设计,通过数值模拟验证了设计的正确性.用甲基丙烯酸甲酯类聚合物对AWG的制备工艺进行了研究,用铝作掩模制作了聚合物光波导,测试结果表明在1.55 μm处波导实现单模传输.     

喷雾冷却中液滴冲击壁面的流动和换热

喷雾冷却中液滴冲击壁面的流动和换热强弱可用铺展系数和冷却效能的大小来反映.本文利用Volume-of-Fluid(VOF)方法,对初始直径在50～150 μm,初始速度在1.0～10.0 m/s之间的单个液滴冲击恒温发热表面的情况进行了数值模拟.模拟结果表明,增加液滴的初始速度和直径会扩大液滴的铺展范围,即铺展系数增大;液滴的初始直径越小、速度越大,则其冷却效能越大,即冷却能力越强.定量结果对喷雾系统的设计具有重要意义.     

高能激光环形光束近场和远场传输特性

为满足高能激光环形光束在近场区和远场区的实际应用需求,从电磁波衍射积分方程出发,推导了环形光束光场分布和远场光强分布表达式,并对光场分布和光强分布进行了分析,得到光强分布与高斯光束的有限孔径大小、中心遮拦比和传输距离的关系.引入大气湍流场景,采用相位屏法对环形光束在不同湍流强度下的大气传输进行了数值模拟和分析,研究了受大气湍流影响远场光斑畸变、光斑破碎、光束扩展和漂移等的增强现象.最后开展了环形光束近场区大气传输数值模拟和实验,结果表明:随着传输距离的增加,光斑中心光强越来越强,光斑逐渐趋于均匀,平均光强呈类高斯分布,近场区环形光束扩散和光斑畸变现象受大气湍流影响而增强.     

水听器非轴线布放时的拖线阵流噪声响应

对拖线阵流噪声理论做出两项改进.(1)对Corcos/Carpenter两种压力起伏模型以及相应的拖线阵流噪声响应进行了全面的比较; (2)讨论了有限水听器非轴线布放时的拖线阵流噪声响应,并导出了噪声功率谱的解析表达式.结果表明,这两种压力起伏模型的波数谱、流噪声响应具有一定差别;流噪声响应与拖曳速度、套管外径以及轴线偏移距离有着密切关系.基于Carpenter模型的数值分析表明,拖曳速度提高一倍,噪声功率谱增加约24 dB,且随着套管外径的增大而减小、轴线偏移距离的增大而增大.套管外径以及轴线偏移距离对高频噪声的影响要大于其对低频噪声的影响.     

A Direct Spectral Collocation Poisson Solver in Polar and Cylindrical Coordinates

In this paper, we present a direct spectral collocation method for the solution of the Poisson equation in polar and cylindrical coordinates. The solver is applied to the Poisson equations for several different domains including a part of a disk, an annulus, a unit disk, and a cylinder. Unlike other Poisson solvers for geometries such as unit disks and cylinders, no pole condition is involved for the present solver. The method is easy to implement, fast, and gives spectral accuracy. We also use the weighted interpolation technique and nonclassical collocation points to improve the convergence.     

双示踪元素X射线能谱诊断激光等离子体电子温度

在“星光Ⅱ”激光装置上对Mg/Al混合材料平面靶和Mg/Al示踪层金盘靶进行三倍频激光打靶实验,用平面晶体谱仪测量靶材料发射的X射线能谱,获取了示踪离子谱线实验数据.采用多组态Dirac-Fock方法计算所需原子参数,并在局域热动平衡条件下建立了双示踪离子谱线强度比随电子温度变化关系.在此基础上由双示踪元素等电子谱线法确定了Mg/Al混合材料平面靶及金盘靶激光等离子体的电子温度 关键词： 电子温度 激光等离子体 X射线能谱     

对实屏的夫琅禾费衍射中心亮点(亮纹)的半定性半定量论证

光经圆盘、细丝等实屏衍射后,衍射光场中其几何阴影中心有不为零的光强分布.显然这是阐述光的波动性的最好例证,它比圆孔、单缝之类的光孔衍射更具说服力.然而对圆盘等的衍射中心亮点(如泊松点)的论证通常都是从菲涅耳衍射出发,但是在绝大多数非物理类专业的大学物理中,对光的衍射的具体分析都只涉及夫琅禾费衍射,因而给学生对于上述问题...     

DIFFERENTIALLY MOVING MEDIA WITH MANY SPECTRAL LINES: STOCHASTIC APPROACH

Based upon the analytical solution of the radiative transfer equation for a given source function and a new approach to account for very many spectral lines contributing to the extinction, the connection between line properties and the emergent intensity is derived under the assumption that the wavelengths of the line centers follow a Poisson point process, whereas the other line parameters may have arbitrary distribution functions.A comparison with the widely used list of Kurucz shows that the Poisson distribution well describes deterministic “real” lines. The presentation by a Poisson point process requires only a modest number of parameters and is very flexible. It allows most operations to be carried out analytically and hence is very suitable to study the intricate influence of many lines on radiation fields in differentially moving media.We consider a simplified case of the solution of the radiative transfer equation in order to demonstrate the basic effects of the velocity field upon the emerging radiation field. Expressions for the expectation value of the intensity are derived, and examples are given for Lorentz line profiles and infinitely sharp lines, in particular as functions of the velocity gradient and the mean line density.     

空气中YAG激光诱导Cu等离子体空间特性的研究

在空气中利用Nd: YAG脉冲激光诱导金属Cu靶,产生激光等离子体羽,并获得等离子体羽的空间谱;研究了空间谱线结构;分析了不同空间位置处电子温度和电子密度的空间演化规律;并对等离子体光谱的特性和产生机制进行了讨论. 结果表明：谱线结构、谱线强度和等离子体的电子温度及电子密度都与空间位置变化密切相关,特征谱强度最大值出现在距靶面0.75-1.0mm的空间位置处,此处CuⅠ谱线相对强度最强,在1.25 mm空间位置处电子温度比周边的电子温度偏低,但此处电子密度反而升高,这种现象可以由级联效应得到解释。     

Cascades of Particles Moving at Finite Velocity in Hyperbolic Spaces

A branching process of particles moving at finite velocity over the geodesic lines of the hyperbolic space (Poincaré half-plane and Poincaré disk) is examined. Each particle can split into two particles only once at Poisson spaced times and deviates orthogonally when splitted. At time t, after N(t) Poisson events, there are N(t)+1 particles moving along different geodesic lines. We are able to obtain the exact expression of the mean hyperbolic distance of the center of mass of the cloud of particles. We derive such mean hyperbolic distance from two different and independent ways and we study the behavior of the relevant expression as t increases and for different values of the parameters c (hyperbolic velocity of motion) and λ (rate of reproduction). The mean hyperbolic distance of each moving particle is also examined and a useful representation, as the distance of a randomly stopped particle moving over the main geodesic line, is presented.     

Giant fluctuations in the radiation intensity of two-dimensional electrons under quantum hall effect conditions

Giant fluctuations in the 2D-electron recombination radiation were studied in structures with a single or double GaAs quantum well under quantum Hall effect conditions. It is established that, if these conditions are exactly satisfied, the amplitude of the 2D-electron photoluminescence (PL) intensity is several orders of magnitude higher than the noise level, with the noise having a normal (Poisson) distribution. The fluctuations in the PL line intensity are accompanied by a jumpwise change in the line positions. Analogous jumps were also observed in the spectra of inelastic light scattering by 2D electrons in structures with a single GaAs quantum well. The fluctuation processes are correlated over macroscopic distances. The characteristic correlation length is 1–2 mm. The spectral density of giant fluctuations was found to exhibit narrow peaks. The ratios of the frequencies of these peaks are equal to those of Fibonacci numbers. The appearance of such frequencies in the fluctuation spectrum indicates that the fluctuations studied bear a resemblance to processes occurring in open dissipative dynamic systems. The methods developed in the theory of these systems can, in principle, be used to study giant fluctuations.     

VIBRATION AND STABILITY OF ROTATING POLAR ORTHOTROPIC ANNULAR DISKS SUBJECTED TO A STATIONARY CONCENTRATED TRANSVERSE LOAD

In the present paper, natural frequencies and stability of a spinning polar orthotropic disk subjected to a stationary concentrated transverse load are investigated. The analysis of the free vibration of a spinning disk is performed first to find natural frequencies and corresponding vibration modes. The resulting eigenfunctions obtained from the free vibration are used as deflection functions of the forced vibration of a disk where the load is modelled as a mass-spring-dashpot system fixed in space. By using the Galerkin approximation method, eigenvalues of the whole system are determined. Results show that disks with higher values of modulus ratios or the Poisson ratios have higher natural frequencies, and the stability of the whole system can be improved by raising the value of the modulus ratio or lowering that of the Poisson ratio.     

Zur Untersuchung von Versetzungen mit Hilfe der magnetischen Kernresonanz

The line width of the nmr signal is obtained for a statistical distribution of distances and orientations of dislocations as a function of the dislocation density. The quadrupolar part of the line width increases proportional to the root of the dislocation density in the case of first order distortion but is proportional to the dislocation density itself in the case of second order distortion. The total line width passes through a maximum within the range of first order distortion and approaches the value of the undistorted central line which arises from magnetic dipole interaction when the dislocation density becomes sufficiently large. The intensity decay of the nmr signal connected with this line width behaviour will also be presented. In the range of second order distortion the total line width is determined by the constant dipole interaction and the quadrupole interaction of the central line which depends on the dislocation density. Under the assumption of a Gaussian distribution for the line shape a simple expression for this width can be obtained. The calculations are checked for the case of first order distortion by measurements on the Na²³ and Cl³⁵ nmr signals of NaCl single crystals and for the case of second order distortion by measurements on the J¹²⁷ signal of KJ single crystals.     

Single and double scattering approximations for a two-dimensional cylindrical medium

Large spatial frequency expansions for the source function, radiative flux, and intensity are obtained for an isotropically scattering finite two-dimensional medium exposed to collimated radiation. With these expansions, the single and double scattering results are obtained which are valid at small optical distances away from the incident radiation. Results are presented for a circular disk, exponential distribution and a Gaussian distribution of incident radiation.