新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血清钙、钠的变化

为观察新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血清钙,钠的谱化规律,对１４０例ＨＩＥ新生儿和１００例正常新生儿血清钙,钠进行了对比观察。提示ＨＩＥ新生儿要适当纠正血甭钙,钠。     

新生儿肺炎血中元素含量的变化

对５０例新生儿肺炎患儿和５０例正常新生儿进行了全血中元素锌、铁、钙、镁、铜、锰含量的对比观察，结果发现新生儿肺炎患儿血液中锌、铁、钙、镁４种元素均显著低于正常新生儿，血铜、锰与正常组无显著性差异．提示新生儿肺炎患儿血锌、铁、钙、镁的代谢方面均存在一定缺陷，认为新生儿肺炎患儿合理补充微量元素，对治病有益处。     

糖尿病母亲及其新生儿全血14种微量元素的研究

为了解糖尿病母亲及其新生儿全血微量元素的分布情况，采用日本岛津ICPQ－1012型高频等离子体发射光谱仪检测了糖尿病母亲及其新生儿的全血14种微量元素。以正常产妇及足月新生儿病例为对照组，观察糖尿病母亲及其新生儿的全血14种微量元素的改变。结果糖尿病母亲铜元素高于正常产妇，铬、锰、锌元素低于正常产妇，糖尿病母亲新生儿铜元素高于正常新生儿，锌、锰、镁、铬元素低于正常新生儿。糖尿病母亲新生儿镁、镍、铜、锌、钙、钼、锶、铁低于糖尿病母亲。结论：糖尿病母亲血铬、锌、锰元素低于正常，铜元素增高是由于糖尿病疾病所引起，糖尿病母亲新生儿铜元素增高，血镁、钙、锰、锌等低于正常，与糖尿病母亲本身微量元素特点有关。糖尿病母亲新生儿血镁、镍、铜、锌、钙、钼、锶、铁元素低于糖尿病母亲与先天发育不足有关。     

脐血中铅,锌水平与新生儿发育的关系

为研究脐血中铅，锌水平对新生儿发育是否有不良影响，以１３１例新生儿为调查对象，用新生儿２０项行为神经评分检测新生儿神经行为发育，以石墨炉原子吸收光谱法和火焰原子吸收分光光度法分别测定脐血中铅，锌的含量，结果表明，脐血铅与新生儿神经行为为总得分及主动肌张力呈负相关，差异有显著意义，脐血铅≥０．２９μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的新生儿其神经行为发育明显落后于血铅〈０．１４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ者，差异有显著意义，表明血铅水平低     

医院新生儿科的卫生护理及营养管理方法

就新生儿的卫生护理及营养管理方法进行了讨论,包括:新生儿护理的要求和重点,新生儿的营养需要和喂乳方法,对做好新生儿科工作有一定的参考价值。     

新生儿尿钙测定及临床意义(附38例测定分析)

通过测定新生儿随意尿的钙来替代血钙的测定,并探讨其临床意义,用尿钙检测试剂盒对３８例新生儿婴儿的尿钙进行了检测,结果表明,随意尿钙值可以反映血钙的水平,检测尿钙对诊断新生儿低钙血症有一定意义;对新生儿惊厥的鉴别诊断有一定的意义。     

抚触对新生儿母乳性黄疸的疗效观察

为探讨抚触新生儿对母乳性黄疸的影响,将72例新生儿母乳性黄疸患儿随机分为抚触组和对照组,观察了母乳性黄疸消退情况。结果表明,抚触组新生儿母乳性黄疸消退较明显。提示抚触是一种简单实用的护理技术,可促进新生儿母乳性黄疸的消退,值得推广。     

超声脐动脉S/D联合血清IGF-1和胆汁酸对新生儿窒息的临床诊断价值分析

本文通过观察新生窒息患儿和正常新生儿多普勒超声脐动脉血流S/D比值、血清胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1)、胆汁酸(TBA)水平差异,探讨脐动脉血流S/D比值联合血清IGF-1和TBA在新生儿窒息中的诊断价值。实验结果表明,脐动脉血流S/D比值、血清IGF-1、TBA在新生儿窒息与正常新生儿、不同窒息程度患儿、伴新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病(HIE)的患儿中均有显著差异。多重线性回归结果表明脐动脉血流S/D比值、血清TBA、 IGF-1与新生儿窒息评价指标Apgar评分存在密切关系。受试者工作特征曲线分析结果表明脐动脉血流S/D比值、血清IGF-1、TBA诊断新生儿窒息具有较高应用价值,且联合上述指标检测诊断价值更高。     

维汉孕妇及新生儿脐血铅水平对新生儿神经行为发育的影响

探讨了宫内低水平铅暴露对新生儿神经行为发育的影响。 1 38例维汉母子 (维 5 9例 ,汉79例 )血铅测定由上海儿童铅中毒防治中心采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法。用NBNA方法做新生儿2 0项神经行为测定。结果表明 ,( 1 ) 1 38例产妇血铅 ( 1 2～ 2 67) μg/L ,新生儿脐血铅 ( 1 0～ 2 5 2 )μg/L ,维、汉母子血铅均呈高度正相关 (r =0 80 4 7,0 7898,P <0 0 1 )。其中维吾尔族孕妇及新生儿脐血铅均高于汉族 (P <0 0 1 ,P <0 0 5 )。血铅≥ 1 0 0 μg/L的孕妇 5 3例 ( 38 4 1 % ) ,新生儿 4 8例 ( 34 78% )。 ( 2 )新生儿脐血铅水平和新生儿神经行为 (NBNA)总评分及行为能力评分呈负相关 (P <0 0 1 ) ,主要影响新生儿非生物性听定向反应及生物性视和听定向反应 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1 )。提示本组维汉孕妇及新生儿脐血铅水平可以影响新生儿神经行为功能 ,且新生儿铅中毒在本地区有一定比率 ,应引起高度重视     

252例新生儿死因分析

回顾性分析了广东省惠阳市妇幼保健院1983－1987年新生儿死亡率及死亡原因。按围产保健网建立与否分为两个阶段，1983－1990年为未建立围产保健网阶段，1991－1997年为已建立围产保健网阶段，对前后两个阶段新生儿的死亡率及致死原因进行了分析。结果表明，自建立国产保健网以来新生儿死亡率明显下降。致死原因主要与早产、低体重儿、新生儿畸形、新生儿窒息等有关。提示加强围产保健管理，提高产科质量，降低早产及低体重儿发生率，普及围产期保健知识，提高监护技术，提高畸形儿孕期检出率是降低新生儿死亡率的关键。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

小环化合物中饱和碳质子化学位移的计算

小环化合物由于其张力、构型、构象和各向异性效应等原因,环碳上质子化学位移缺乏规律性,难以预测,对此作者曾提出一种近似算法。本文根据303种小环化合物中饱和碳质子的化学位移实验数据,将适于计算这类质子化学位移的公式表述为:     

Study of the thermodynamics of adsorption of hydrolyzed modified polyacrylnitrile

The thermodynamics of adsorption has been studied of hydrolyzed modified polyacrylnitrile (HMP) in water solutions with a concentration ranging from 0.25 g/l to 2.00 g/l on bleached sulphate and unbleached and bleached sulphite celluloses at temperatures of 0, 20, 40, and 60 C.It has been established that with the rise in temperature, the amount of adsorbed polymer —(HMP) decreases. The values of the enthalpy change are negative and show a linear decrease with the increase in the amount of adsorbed polymer. The adsorption equilibrium is defined by the logarithmic isotherm of Tjumkin, valid for uniform heterogeneous surfaces.With the increase in the amount of adsorbed HMP the values of the entropy change become negative and linearly decrease. A compensation effect has been noticed which results from the simultaneous action of the entropy and energy factors.The values of the change of the chemical potential for the three types of cellulose are negative and linearly decrease with the increase in the amount of adsorbed HMP and with the rise in temperature.     

Investigation of Kinetics of Solid-Phase Synthesis of Lithium Orthosilicate

The kinetics of the interaction between lithium carbonate and silica with various degrees of dispersion was investigated by TG and DTA methods. It was found that the utilization of pyrogenic silica with a specific surface area of about 300 m²g^-1 instead of aerosil with one of 175 m²g^-1 leads to an increase of the reaction rate between lithium carbonate and silica, which depends on the formation and growth of lithium orthosilicate crystals in the first stage, and is conditioned by the diffusion of lithium and oxygen ions through the lithium orthosilicate layer formed at temperatures above 800 K. This supposition is supported by the kinetic analysis results obtained with the use of the different models. The optimal regime of heating is recommended. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.