Application of Robust Incomplete Cholesky Factorizations Preconditioned CG Algorithms for FEM Analysis of Millimeter Wave Filters

The Incomplete Cholesky factorizations preconditioning scheme is applied to the conjugate gradient (CG) method for solving a large system of linear equations resulting from finite element method (FEM) analysis of millimeter wave filters. As is well known, the convergence of CG method deteriorates with increasing EM wave number and in millimeter wave band the eigen-values of A are more and more scattered between both the right and the left half-plane. The efficient implementation of this preconditioned CG (PCG) algorithm is described in details for Complex coefficient matrix. With incomplete factorization preconditioning scheme in the conjugate gradient algorithm, this PCG approach can reach convergence in 20 times CPU time shorter than CG for several typical millimeter wave structures.     

Synthesis of bandpass grid filter for linear polarized millimeter wave

A method based on equivalent circuit and transmission line model is proposed to design narrow bandpass grid filters in short millimeter wave. Several bandpass filters with 2, 3 or 4 element inductive wire grids in the 70GHz region have been designed with Butterworth or Chebyshev characteristic for linear polarized wave. The agreement between measurement and design theory is good and this proves the rationality and practicality of our design theory.     

A Fast Finite Element Analysis of Millimeter Wave Waveguide Filters

The multifrontal method is applied for solving a large system of linear equations resulting from the use of edge-based finite element method (FEM). The finite element method combined with the perfectly matched layers (PML) is given for simulation of microwave filters and the algorithm of multifrontal method is described in detail. The reflection and insertion losses of millimeter wave filter are analyzed as the examples and the obtained results are compared with those obtained from literature. In order to demonstrate the efficiency of the multifrontal method, the computational time is compared with that of both symmetric successive overrelaxation (SSOR) preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) and conjugate gradient methods (CG) for the thick-iris waveguide bandpass filer.     

Spatial filtering of wall pressure fluctuations beneath a turbulent boundary layer

Methods of experimental spatial filtering of wall pressure fluctuations beneath a turbulent boundary layer are developed with the aim of obtaining information on the wave number-frequency spectrum. The spatial filtering of the pressure field components by wave-vector filters is studied. The method of spatial filtering of pressure fluctuations by an acoustic array, i.e., a periodic structure with a finite number of elementary transducers, is analyzed. The relation between the wave number characteristic of the acoustic array and the wave number spectrum of the amplitude distribution of transducer’s local sensitivity is determined. Quantitative estimates are obtained for the sensitivity of the array to the wave number spectrum of turbulent boundary-layer pressures, which is necessary for measuring the wall pressure fluctuations in a turbulent boundary layer by wave-vector filters.     

复杂地表条件下快速推进法地震波走时计算

为获得计算复杂地表条件下地震波走时的方法,对常规快速推进法(Fast marching method,简写为FMM)做了两点改进:①引入不等距差分格式,用于地表和界面处的局部走时计算;②增加新的网格节点类型,用于实现不规则边界条件下的窄带技术.通过对算法的计算精度、效率及实例的分析可得,算法计算精度高,其中反射波走时计算的精度高于初至波;不会因为处理不规则边界而引入过多额外的计算量;能灵活稳定地处理各种强起伏复杂地形、近地表及地下复杂介质等问题.计算结果满足复杂地表条件下地震波的传播规律.     

Tunable All-Optical Microwave Filters Based on Fiber Loop and Chirped Fiber Bragg Gratings

All-optical microwave filters are important parts of fiber-optic microwave/millimeter wave processing systems. In this paper, two novel passive tunable all-optical microwave filters based on fiber loop and chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBGs) are demonstrated, where the frequency response of the both filters can be continuously tuned by adjusting the wavelength of the input light. The required free spectral range (FSR) of the filters can be obtained by carefully controlling the length of fiber loop and the positions of the CFBGs in the fiber loop. Experimental results prove the feasibility of the proposed filtering structures.     

Wave number-frequency spectrum of turbulent pressure fluctuations: Methods of measurement and results

The methods proposed earlier for measuring the wave number-frequency spectrum of wall pressure fluctuations beneath a turbulent boundary layer are considered: the spatial filtering of the pressure field components by special-purpose transducers (wave filters) and the digital processing of signals obtained from an array of transducers. It is shown that, for the wave filters, transducers with a rectangular shape of sensitive surface rather than those with a circular one are necessary. Results of measuring the wave number-frequency spectrum of turbulent pressure fluctuations in a low-noise wind tunnel are presented. The measurements are performed with the use of four wave filters consisting of rectangular transducers with a constant sensitivity distribution over their surfaces. The mathematical model of the wave number-frequency spectrum proposed earlier by the authors is compared with the measurement data reported by Abraham and Keith. The model is used for processing the results of measurements in the wind tunnel. The measured spectra are compared with the data obtained by Martin and Leehey.     

Measuring the permittivity of concrete at millimeter waves

There are numerous methods to determine material permittivity at millimeter waves. Often, special instrumentation is necessary. Also, it is recommended to use two or more methods to obtain reliable results.The presented method uses a very simple instrumentation: a generator and a detector, and employs the evaluation of a standing wave which is created by the normal incidence to the air-to-material boundary. The results obtained by this and the more sophisticated method using a polarimetric scatterometer were found very close to each other and actually the presented method gives more accurate results.     

Crystal quartz optical whispering-gallery resonators

A quality factor exceeding 5x10(9) is obtained in whispering-gallery mode (WGM) resonators fabricated of crystalline quartz. We observe significant electrical tunability of WGMs in x-cut resonators and demonstrate an electro-optic modulator with a submegahertz passband at 12 GHz. We discuss other photonics applications of the crystal quartz WGM resonators in narrowband agile tunable filters, compact narrow linewidth lasers, and microwave and millimeter wave oscillators.     

Equivalent network parameters of millimeter wave E-plane septum discontinuities with finite conductivity

The equivalent T—network parameters of millimeter wave E—plane discontinuities of bilateral metal septa with finite conductivity are calculated by the method of lines. An efficient approach is presented to extend this numerical method to EM boundary value problems with imperfectly conducting metal boundaries parallel to the discretization lines. Numerical results of both equivalent reactances and resistances in the T—network are obtained. The insertion losses of a Ka—band filter are calculated based on the lossy equivalent circuit. Numerical results are in agreement with the published experimental results.     

高功率毫米波绕射辐射振荡器高频特性研究

讨论了高功率毫米波绕射辐射振荡器的高频特性。利用线性理论和PIC模拟相结合的方法对器件的高频特性进行了比较仔细的分析。分析结果表明,合理地选择电子注的参量（电流、电压）及高频结构的尺寸（波纹深度、半径、周期等）可以获得较高的输出功率并且具有较好的频谱纯度。     

Computation of matching characteristics between rectangular coupled cavity and waveguide for millimeter wave TWT''s

A rectangular coupled cavity slow wave structure is a new type of circuit for high power millimeter wave TWTs in recent years. Matching characteristics of trasition between rectangular coupled cavity and waveguide are calculated by equivalent circuit method. The results obtained by this method are compared with experiments and it is shown that useful accuracy can be obtained.     

背景和装甲目标毫米波被动探测统计特性研究

根据背景和装甲目标不同的毫米波辐射机理,采用不同的统计方法得到了背景和装甲目标的不同统计特性。针对背景的不均匀性造成的背景辐射特性的非单一性,提出了采用假设检验的方法得到背景的统计分布;针对装甲目标难以得到统计分布的特点,提出了以目标信号复杂度为特征量的装甲目标辐射特性的统计方法。为毫米波被动探测地物及装甲目标识别方法的研究提供了必要的理论依据,具有切实可行的指导意义。     

Application of Preconditioned GMRES Algorithm for Analysis of Millimeter Wave Ferrite Sphere Circulators

The generalized minimal residual (GMRES) iterative method is applied to solve such sparse large non-symmetric system of linear equations resulting from the use of edge-based finite element method. In order to speed up the convergence of GMRES, the symmetric successive overrelaxation (SSOR) preconditioning scheme is applied for the analysis of millimeter wave ferrite circulator. Consequently, this preconditioned GMRES (PGMRES) approach can reach convergence ten times faster than GMRES. The reflection and insertion losses of millimeter wave waveguide circulator are compared with those obtained from literature.     

Real-time measurement of wave components and intensity in a beam in the presence of a near field

A method is described by which the individual flexural wave components in a beam can be measured in real time. Attention is focussed on the case in which two propagating waves and a single near-field wave exist, although the case of two near fields is also considered. Because the presence of the near field is included, the measurements can be taken close to the force, boundary or discontinuity from which the near field arises. Potential applications include intensity measurement, active control and adaptive-passive vibration control.The wave components are measured by digitally filtering and combining the outputs of an array of sensors, with an array of three, equally spaced sensors being considered in detail. The filters are designed in the frequency domain using a wave decomposition approach, and implemented in the time domain as FIR filters. Design, implementation and performance issues are discussed and an experimental implementation described. It is seen that accurate estimates of the amplitudes of the wave components can be obtained using FIR filters of moderate order, and that the method is relatively insensitive to sensor miscalibration and measurement noise.     

Application of Preconditioned GMRES Algorithm for Analysis of Millimeter Wave Ferrite Sphere Circulators

The generalized minimal residual (GMRES) iterative method is applied to solve such sparse large non-symmetric system of linear equations resulting from the use of edge-based finite element method. In order to speed up the convergence of GMRES, the symmetric successive overrelaxation (SSOR) preconditioning scheme is applied for the analysis of millimeter wave ferrite circulator. Consequently, this preconditioned GMRES (PGMRES) approach can reach convergence 19 times faster than GMRES. The isolation and insertion losses of millimeter wave waveguide circulator are compared with those obtained from literature.     

An experimental investigation of high permittivity dielectric resonators for millimeter-wave microstrip components

This paper proposes a new type of high permittivity whispering gallery mode cylindrical dielectric resonators with a geometry which is very suitable for use in microstrip type integrated circuits. These oversized resonators, together with high Q factors and ease of fabrication, are potentially interesting for millimeter wave integrated filters and oscillators. In this paper, we report an experimental investigation of such resonators carried out in Ka band (26.5–40 GHz). Measured results including resonant frequencies and loaded quality factors will be presented. Application to millimeter wave filters will also be demonstrated.     

Application of multilayer structures at millimeter wavelengths

The paper presents results of theoretical analyses and experimental investigations of the optical characteristics of devices based on multilayer dielectric structures and intended for the millimeter wave band. As is shown, multilayer dielectric structures can prove useful in devices with variable optical characteristics representing coupling elements for quasioptical open resonators, adjustable reflection coefficient mirrors in narrow-band interference Fabry-Perot filters or adjustable multilayer polarizers.     

Extending Anisotropic Perfectly Matched Layer Absorbing Boundary Condition to Biaxial Media

The absorbing boundary condition required for an anisotropic perfectly matched layer for materials that exhibit a uniaxial and biaxial permittivity tensor is investigated. These materials are used in optical and millimeter wave devices and other particular situations such as in the construction of modern aircraft and automobiles. The derivation presented in this paper may be not suitable for all the arbitrary orientations but for many common situations. The effectiveness of the condition is also illustrated with examples by the finite-difference and finite-element method.     

多孔介质内轴对称流动与相变传热过程的双倒易边界元数值模拟

本文将轴对称双倒易边界元方法拓展应用于数值模拟多孔介质内轴对称的流动与相变传热过程,得到了其内非稳态温度场、压力场和速度场,及相变界面时间推进图象。