1.06μm激光的高效率三倍频

本文用数值法求得三波耦合幅度方程的大信号解:并给出了时间高斯型光束倍频和三倍频效率的计算方法,提出了在中小基波功率密度下实现高效率三倍频的方案.用β-BaB_2O_4晶体I型倍频、KD P Ⅱ型三倍频,在激光器输出能量为365mJ时,获得了41.8%的三次谐波能量转换效率.     

晶体角度跟随三倍频效率控制技术

基于推导的倍频晶体匹配角与温度关系的理论分析,揭示了温度对频率转换过程影响的热光物理机制。数值模拟了频率转换过程中二倍频与三倍频晶体的匹配角热敏感性。由于不同晶体材料热敏感性的差异性,实验获得了激光装置中所用晶体材料的匹配角随温度变化的关系曲线。理论分析了不同输入功率密度情况下匹配角失谐对三倍频过程的影响,并在线验证了温度变化导致匹配角失谐,进而引起三倍频转换效率的下降。根据实验获得的晶体匹配角的热敏感性参数,提出利用晶体角度跟随方法进行三倍频转换效率补偿,实现了三倍频能量的稳定输出。     

以一定重复频率工作的KTP倍频效率的演化规律

基于导带电子密度和材料的有效介电函数的表达式,推导了KTP晶体对532 nm光波的吸收系数. 对比研究了不同峰值功率密度和重复频率下KTP晶体的导带电子密度和532 nm吸收系数的演化规律,以及倍频转换效率的演化规律. 结果表明,随着导带电子密度的增加,KTP晶体532 nm吸收系数随之增加,其倍频转换效率随之减小;当基频光入射功率密度一定时,不同重复频率脉冲作用引起的导带电子密度存在积累效应,导致KTP晶体532 nm透过率及倍频转换效率均随着作用时间的增加呈指数形式变化,随着脉冲重复频率的增加其积累效果更加明显,但随着作用时间的增加,导带电子密度、吸收系数均趋于同一稳定值. 关键词： KTP晶体 灰迹 倍频转换效率     

KDP晶体折射率不均匀性对三倍频转换效率的影响

 采用正交偏振干涉测量法获得了典型的快速(RG)和传统(CG)生长的KDP晶体折射率空间分布，数值模拟了倍频晶体固定失谐角分别为0和220 mrad时晶体折射率不均匀性对高功率三倍频光转换效率的影响。结果表明：快速生长晶体的折射率不均匀性的均方根约为传统生长晶体的6倍；三倍频转换效率在低功率密度下对折射率不均匀性不敏感，在高功率密度下尤其是转换效率较高时很敏感；当混频过程中的二倍频光不过剩时，在晶体折射率变化对三倍频效率的影响方面，倍频晶体比混频晶体严重；目前国产的传统生长晶体可以满足高功率三倍频实验要求。     

高功率激光的三倍频高效转换实验

利用两块φ８０ｍｍ×１４ｍｍＫＤＰ晶体，采用“偏振失配”方案在“星光”装置φ７０输出光路上，进行了三倍频实验。在入射光功率密度约为１ＧＷ／ｃｍ￣２时，获得最高的二倍频外部能量转换效率为７６．９％，三倍频最高外部能量转换效率为６６．８％，并且转换重复性和稳定性很好。同时，也通过实验研究了影响三次谐波转换的诸因素。     

激光热效应对PPLN晶体倍频效率的影响

从准相位失配关系出发,研究了PPLN晶体倍频效率与温度的关系,针对温度对折射率与极化周期的影响,分析了激光热效应对准相位匹配系统谐波转换过程的影响。采用有限元分析法计算了PPLN材料内部温度分布状况,并对热效应影响下晶体内部倍频效率变化情况进行了计算。计算结果表明:在不同基频光功率密度下,在倍频过程中晶体温度及通光方向截面折射率的分布不同,在倍频晶体出射面倍频效率的分布也不同;随基频光功率密度增大,晶体整体温度与折射率增大,出射端面倍频效率分布随基频光功率密度变化而变化;与理想条件倍频系统相比,激光热效应对晶体倍频效率有一定的影响。     

高斯脉冲非理想条件下的谐波转换规律

对于实际的大口径高功率激光器而言,I/II类角度失谐三倍频系统的谐波转换规律常常偏离理想情况。为了研究其实际的谐波转换规律,以便于指导实际情况的晶体调试,研究了各种非理想条件下,比如1ns高斯脉冲,不同波面半径和晶体损耗对三倍频谐波转换的影响。研究结果表明:高斯形脉冲的三倍频外效率绝对值比平顶脉冲降低了10%;为了追求最高三倍频外效率,由于受1ns高斯脉冲和三倍频晶体损耗的影响,二倍频晶体的最佳内失谐角是160μrad而非220μrad,二倍频内部效率最佳平均值并非为67%,而是在60%~63%左右为最佳,并且晶体损耗越高,二倍频内部效率的最佳平均值越低;功率密度越高,波面半径和发散角对谐波转换的影响越大。     

二次谐波转换对激光脉宽影响的实验研究

 实验研究了KDP晶体二次谐波转换非线性效应对脉宽测量精度的影响。结果表明：在小信号近似下,长度为1～3cm的KDPⅡ类晶体,对于近高斯脉冲,其基频脉宽与倍频脉宽存在21/2的关系;对于非近高斯脉冲,基频脉冲半宽与倍频脉冲波形的1/4高宽相等;在输入功率密度和能量转换效率较高时,基频与倍频脉宽无固定关系。     

超短脉冲三倍频中特殊群速度组合的分析

基于非线性耦合波理论,对比分析了超短脉冲三倍频过程中不同的特殊群速度组合模式下的谐波转换特性(转换效率和带宽等).利用分步傅里叶变换和四阶Runge-Kutta积分算法,对脉宽150 fs左右的超短脉冲在KDP晶体中的I类混频过程进行数值模拟,结果表明:三波包"不等速匹配"模式下的综合谐波转换性能(转换效率达到50%和转换带宽达到2 nm)整体要优于其他特殊群速度匹配模式;"三波包不等速"模式更有利于三波包间能量之间的耦合及转换.这一结论为进一步提高超短脉冲三倍频的转换效率及带宽具有理论指导意义.     

惯性约束聚变驱动器终端束匀滑器件前置时频率转换系统优化研究

在惯性约束聚变驱动器终端光学系统中,束匀滑器件前置有许多优点,但它同时也将对频率转换系统的工作状态产生影响.从系统集成优化的观点研究了这种影响,并基于高强度激光非线性传输理论,采用耦合波方程组及微扰理论,模拟计算了连续相位板前置时基频光束通过频率转换系统的三倍频转换效率及出射光束的近远场分布和焦斑形态,提出了优化倍频晶体失谐角和晶体厚度以减小CPP前置对系统性能的影响.模拟计算了频率转换系统优化前后的三倍频转换效率、光束通量对比度和能量集中度,并进行了对比分析.分析结果表明,频率转换系统的优化对减小CPP 关键词： 惯性约束聚变 频率转换系统 连续相位板 系统集成优化     

Impact of spatial modulation on the third harmonic wave propagation and far-field focal spot in frequency conversion system

Third harmonic generation (THG) of high power laser is discussed in KDP crystals utilized in frequency conversion systems of large laser facilities. The far-field focal spot of the third harmonic wave is presented based on numerical simulation of the nonlinear coupled-wave equations, in which the walk-off and paraxial diffraction are taken into account and the electric field of the fundamental wave (1053 nm, 1ω) pulse is phase and amplitude modulated in spatial domain. Impact of the modulation depth and frequency on the focal spot energy, the side lobes location and conversion efficiency are analyzed in detail. The results show that the side lobes location is equivalently determined by the modulation frequency of both phase modulation and amplitude modulation, while the energy-concentration is decreased mostly because of the 1ω modulation depth. Relatively, the phase modulation plays a more important role than the amplitude modulation in decreasing main lobe energy for different reasons. The phase modulation makes the energy flowing from the main lobe to side lobes, while amplitude modulation not only makes the energy flowing but also decreases tripling efficiency significantly.     

高功率钕玻璃激光三倍频脉冲时间波形的研究

基于目前国内规模最大的激光驱动器——“神光Ⅱ”八路基频光已经实现功率平衡运行，通过改变其中若干路三倍频系统各调谐量的偏离，对输出三倍频波形进行束与束之间的横向对比研究.研究发现，对于Ⅱ类-Ⅱ类偏振失配三倍频系统，在影响转换效率的三个调谐量中，偏振分配角失配Δθ_p对三倍频波形影响最大；在入射基频功率密度约为1.0GW/cm²情况下，当三倍频系统三个调谐量都处在最佳匹配时，三倍频波形半峰全宽τ最小.研究工作为最终实现“神光Ⅱ”八路光束三倍频功率平衡输出提供了晶体调试 关键词： 三倍频 时间波形 功率平衡     

Compact efficient diode-end-pumped intracavity frequency-tripled Nd:YVO<Subscript>4</Subscript> 355 nm laser

A compact efficient diode-end-pumped acousto-optically Q-switched intracavity-frequency-tripled Nd:YVO₄ 355 μm ultraviolet laser was realized. Intracavity sub-resonators with anti-reflection and high-reflection coated mirrors were used to get higher efficiency of third harmonic generation. With two LBO crystals used in frequency doubling and tripling processes, greater than 1.46 W 355 nm average output power was obtained under the absorbed pump power of 13.9 W and the repetition rate of 10 kHz. The corresponding pump-to-ultraviolet conversion efficiency was determined to be as high as 10.5%. At 10 kHz, the minimize pulse width was obtained to be 12 ns with the peak power of 10.4 kW and single pulse energy of 146 μJ.     

Compact efficient diode-end-pumped intracavity frequency-tripled Nd:YAG 355 nm laser

A compact efficient diode-end-pumped acousto-optically Q-switched intracavity-frequency-tripled Nd:YAG 355 nm ultraviolet laser was realized. Intracavity sub-resonators with anti-reflection and high-reflection coated mirrors were used to get higher efficiency of third harmonic generation. With two LBO crystals used in frequency doubling and tripling processes respectively, greater than 1.2 W 355 nm average output power was obtained under the absorbed pump power of 10 W and the repetition rate of 5 kHz. The corresponding pump-to-ultraviolet conversion efficiency was determined to be as high as 12%. At 5 kHz, the minimize pulse width was obtained to be 14.2 ns with the peak power of 16.9 kW and single pulse energy of 240 μJ. The instability of the 355 nm laser was measured to be less than 4.2% at an output power of 0.9 W within half an hour operation.     

Frequency conversion of Nd:YAG laser radiation in RDA

Frequency doubling and tripling of a Nd:YAG laser has been studied in a rubidium dihydrogen arsenate (RDA) crystal. An overall power conversion efficiency of 34% and 12% has been obtained for doubling and tripling, respectively. Some comparison with rubidium dihydrogen phosphate (RDP) crystal is reported for the generation of the third-harmonic radiation at 3547 Å.     

高功率高效率三次谐波二维数值模拟研究

 对大口径、高功率情况下的三次谐波转换,选择KDP晶体TypeⅠ/TypeⅡ匹配角度失谐的三倍频方案,并从非线性三波耦合方程组出发,采用离散傅立叶变换和四阶龙格库塔(R-K)积分方法,编制了二维模拟三次谐波转换的计算程序。计算了各种晶体厚度和不同失谐角条件下,二、三次谐波的转换特性和效率。并对入射基频光为六阶超高斯分布时的三倍频器进行了优化,三倍频转换效率达80%,此时具有较大的动态范围和较高的三倍频转换效率。     

Narrowband solid state vuv coherent source for laser cooling of antihydrogen

We describe the design and performance of a solid-state pulsed source of narrowband (< 100 MHz) Lyman-α radiation designed for the purpose of laser cooling magnetically trapped antihydrogen. Our source utilizes an injection seeded Ti:Sapphire amplifier cavity to generate intense radiation at 729.4 nm, which is then sent through a frequency doubling stage and a frequency tripling stage to generate 121.56 nm light. Although the pulse energy at 121.56 nm is currently limited to 12 nJ with a repetition rate of 10 Hz, we expect to obtain greater than 0.1 μJ per pulse at 10 Hz by further optimizing the alignment of the pulse amplifier and the efficiency of the frequency tripling stage. Such a power will be sufficient for cooling a trapped antihydrogen atom from 500 mK to 20mK.     

时间位相调制对高强度三次谐波转换的影响

在惯性约束聚变研究中,为了利用光谱色散进行光束匀滑以及抑制KDP晶体等大口径光学元件中的横向受激布里渊散射,通常需要对激光脉冲进行时间位相调制.详细讨论了高功率条件下KDP晶体Ⅰ/Ⅱ角度失谐三倍频方案中,时间位相调制对三次谐波转换效率和脉冲频谱的影响.研究结果表明,时间位相调制会导致三次谐波转换效率明显下降.     

高强度三次谐波转换中位相扰动的变化

 以I/II类角度失谐三倍频方案为例，详细讨论了在高强度三次谐波转换过程中入射基频光的位相扰动和振幅调制对三倍频光位相扰动的影响，定量分析了基频光和三倍频光的位相扰动之间的变化关系。模拟结果表明，三倍频光的位相扰动幅度近似为基频光的三倍；入射基频光的位相分布对三倍频光的影响比振幅调制的影响更加明显，但是当入射功率密度较大时，基频光的振幅调制对三倍频光位相分布的影响明显增大。     

Generation of 7.8 W at 355 nm from an efficient and compact intracavity frequency-tripled Nd:YAG laser

A high power, quasi-continuous wave ultraviolet laser at 355 nm was obtained by intracavity frequency tripling of a diode side-pumped acousto-optic (AO) Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Type II critical phase-matched KTP and LBO crystals were used for the second harmonic generation and the third harmonic generation, respectively. Under the pump power of 180 W, 7.8 W average output power at 355 nm was obtained at 8 kHz with the pulse width of 50 ns, corresponding to the pump-to-ultraviolet conversion efficiency of 4.3%. The peak power and single pulse energies were estimated to be 18.8 kW and 938 μJ. Its far-field divergence was measured to be about 3.8 mrad. The instability of the 355 nm laser was less than 1% at an output power of 6.3 W for 2 h operation.