葫芦[n]脲超分子水凝胶的研究进展

超分子化学的发展一直是众多研究者所关注的一大热点,葫芦[n]脲作为第四代大环主体分子,拓宽了超分子化学领域的发展.水凝胶是一种具有可拉伸性、生物相容性、环境响应性等多种优异性能的软材料.人们充分利用葫芦[n]脲优异的分子识别能力和配位能力,研究出了一系列具有特殊功能的超分子水凝胶材料.本文在结合葫芦[n]脲特点的基础上...     

智能纳米水凝胶的刺激响应性研究进展

智能纳米水凝胶在药物输送与可控释放、医学诊断、生物传感器、微反应器、催化剂载体等方面有良好的应用前景。结合本课题组近年来的研究成果,分别介绍了具有温度刺激响应性、pH刺激响应性、光刺激响应性、磁场刺激响应性、分子识别刺激响应性和多重刺激响应性智能纳米水凝胶的研究进展。另外,对这几种智能纳米水凝胶目前存在的问题和今后的发展方向提出了一些粗浅的看法。     

快速响应温敏水凝胶研究进展

温敏水凝胶是一类具有广泛应用前景的高分子材料,但是由于传统方法合成的水凝胶响应速率较慢因而限制了其应用,因此近年来围绕提高传统水凝胶的响应速率做了大量研究工作。本文从几个方面综述了近年来快速响应的温敏水凝胶的研究进展,并对有关现象进行了解释和说明。     

磺化明胶水凝胶的制备及其电场响应性能

采用明胶为原料,以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和亚硫酸氢钠为改性剂,在明胶分子链上引入极性基团磺酸基,制得新型磺化明胶水凝胶。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和扫描电镜(SEM)对其组成和结构进行了表征。通过动态黏弹谱仪(DMA)测定水凝胶的储能模量,探讨不同外加电场作用下该水凝胶的电场响应性能。随着明胶水凝胶中S元素的原子百分比的增大,在外加电场下,胶体的电场响应能力增强。当外加电场为1.6kV/mm、明胶水凝胶中S的原子百分比为1.59%时,水凝胶对电场作用的响应最明显,储能模量的增加率为31.86%。     

响应性水凝胶及其在生物医药领域应用研究进展

响应性水凝胶又称"智能水凝胶",是以水凝胶为基础,经修饰响应多种理化性质及微小环境变化,从而改变自身性质的一类水凝胶。响应性水凝胶目前广泛应用于生物医药领域、材料领域等,如:制备pH响应性水凝胶负载阿霉素(DOX)治疗癌症,温度响应性水凝胶制作3D生物打印材料用于创伤修复,葡萄糖响应性水凝胶治疗糖尿病足等。本文介绍了响应性水凝胶研究的国内外发展动态,包括响应性水凝胶的制备、修饰方法及其在生物医药领域的应用,并对未来的发展方向进行了讨论与展望。     

刺激响应性水凝胶在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展

恶性肿瘤的治疗在临床中一直备受关注,由于肿瘤细胞的浸润性和顽固性,常规治疗通常会产生严重的毒副作用。相较于全身化疗,局部载药水凝胶的使用显著降低了全身毒性并可实现药物在肿瘤部位的持续递送。此外,经物理掺杂或化学修饰的刺激响应性水凝胶,还可响应环境条件变化(如温度、pH、光等),实现原位交联和药物可控释放,大大提高了临床顺应性和药物递送效率。本综述分类讨论了用于肿瘤治疗的刺激响应性水凝胶的设计策略;汇总了近年来此类水凝胶的研究进展及其药物递送方案;并针对该领域存在的实际问题提出了可能的发展方向。     

基于G-四联体的聚多肽-DNA水凝胶响应性研究

利用铜催化的点击反应合成了侧链接枝DNA的聚多肽, 基于DNA自组装的理念, 将含有两段鸟嘌呤(G)的序列引入到体系中, 结合G-四联体在钾离子存在的情况下能够形成分子间四链结构的特性, 获得了具有热响应和离子响应性的聚多肽-DNA超分子水凝胶. 此凝胶制备过程具有原位、快速等特点, 构筑基元具有可设计的响应性和良好的生物相容性. 综合以上特点, 此超分子水凝胶在组织工程和三维生物打印等领域具有潜在的应用.     

Glucose Responsive Hydrogel Networks Based on Protein Recognition

Stimuli‐responsive materials capable of manifesting physical changes in response to environmental signals are valuable tools for use in a variety of biomedical applications. Herein we describe one such smart glucose‐responsive hydrogel material prepared by immobilizing the glucose/galactose binding protein within an acrylamide hydrogel network. This hydrogel demonstrates a quantitative “accordion”‐like dynamic response in the presence of glucose. We further show the feasibility of employing this responsive smart material as a gating agent for controlled drug delivery, thus, demonstrating that these hydrogels may eventually lead to the development of implantable drug delivery systems for diabetes management applications.

     

非水介质中明胶水凝胶电场驱动行为的研究

研究了明胶水凝胶在绝缘硅油中的电场响应行为。结果表明,在硅油中,明胶水凝胶在外加高压直流电场作用下可发生运动,其运动由转动和平动两部分组成。存在一个运动所需的最小阈值电场,只有外加电场在此阈值以上时,才可观察到水凝胶明显的运动。水凝胶的运动速度随外加电场的增大而增大,其运动可通过外加电场的大小来调控。由硅油很稳定且在电场中会电解,因此避免了传统电场驱动水凝胶在水介质中响应时不可避免的电解缺点,为建立一种新的电响应凝毅然驱动方式提供了可能。     

Electroresponsive Behavior of Sodium Alginate-g-Poly (acrylic acid) Hydrogel Under DC Electric Field

A novel sodium alginate-graft-poly(acrylic acid) (SA-g-PAA) hydrogel was prepared by radical graft copolymerization with ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator and N,N′-methylene-bis-(acrylamide) (MBAA) as crosslinker, and its swelling properties and electroresponsive behavior in aqueous NaCl solutions were studied. The results indicated that the water take-up ability of the hydrogel decreased with the increasing ionic strength of aqueous NaCl solution. The hydrogel swollen in a NaCl solution bent toward the cathode under non-contact dc electric fields, and its bending speed and equilibrium strain increased with the increasing of applied voltage. With the increasing of ionic strength of aqueous NaCl solution, the equilibrium strain of the hydrogel increased first and then decreased gradually. The maximum equilibrium strain occurs when the ionic strength of aqueous NaCl solution is 0.03. By changing the direction of the applied potential cyclically, the hydrogel exhibited good reversible bending behavior.     

Stimulus‐Responsive Hydrogel for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery

Blindness and vision impairment are major global health problems. Effective ophthalmic drug delivery poses a significant challenge because of protective physiological barriers and various biological clearance mechanisms that result in extremely low ocular bioavailability. Over the past several decades, several safe and effective ophthalmic drug delivery approaches have been promoted to combat these problems and to improve ocular bioavailability. Among these approaches, the stimulus‐responsive hydrogel for topical drug delivery has gained increasing attention because of its prolonged drug retention at the local site and enhanced ocular bioavailability. This review summarizes and presents recent advances and perspectives of a stimulus‐responsive hydrogel for ophthalmic drug delivery.     

Electroresponsive Behavior of Sulfonated Benzal Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogel Under Direct-Current Electric Field

A novel sulfonated benzal poly(vinyl alcohol) (S-B-PVA) hydrogel was prepared by sulfonating benzal poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel with concentrated sulfuric acid, and its swelling properties, mechanical properties, and electroresponsive behavior in Na₂SO₄ solutions were studied. The results indicated that the water take-up ability of the hydrogel decreased with the increasing ionic strength of Na₂SO₄ solution. The Young's modulus, elongation at break and tensile strength of the hydrogel swollen in deionized water is 8.38 MPa, 22.2% and 3.14 MPa, respectively. The hydrogel swollen in Na₂SO₄ solution bent toward the cathode under non-contact dc electric fields, and its bending speed and equilibrium strain increased with the increasing of applied voltage. The electroresponsive behavior of the hydrogel was also affected by the electrolyte concentration of external Na₂SO₄ solution, and there is a critical ionic strength of 0.1 at which the maximum equilibrium strain of the hydrogel occurs. Under a cyclically varying electric field, the hydrogel exhibited a good reversible bending behavior.     

Glucose‐Responsive Trehalose Hydrogel for Insulin Stabilization and Delivery

Effective delivery of therapeutic proteins is important for many biomedical applications. Yet, the stabilization of proteins during delivery and long‐term storage remains a significant challenge. Herein, a trehalose‐based hydrogel is reported that stabilizes insulin to elevated temperatures prior to glucose‐triggered release. The hydrogel is synthesized using a polymer with trehalose side chains and a phenylboronic acid end‐functionalized 8‐arm poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The hydroxyls of the trehalose side chains form boronate ester linkages with the PEG boronic acid cross‐linker to yield hydrogels without any further modification of the original trehalose polymer. Dissolution of the hydrogel is triggered upon addition of glucose as a stronger binder to boronic acid (K_b = 2.57 vs 0.48 m ⁻¹ for trehalose), allowing the insulin that is entrapped during gelation to be released in a glucose‐responsive manner. Moreover, the trehalose hydrogel stabilizes the insulin as determined by immunobinding after heating up to 90 °C. After 30 min heating, 74% of insulin is detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in the presence of the trehalose hydrogel, whereas only 2% is detected without any additives.     

Recent Applications of Dual-Stimuli Responsive Chitosan Hydrogel Nanocomposites as Drug Delivery Tools

Polysaccharides are a versatile class of macromolecules that are involved in many biological interactions critical to life. They can be further modified for added functionality. Once derivatized, these polymers can exhibit new chemical properties that can be further optimized for applications in drug delivery, wound healing, sensor development and others. Chitosan, derived from the N-deacetylation of chitin, is one example of a polysaccharide that has been functionalized and used as a major component of polysaccharide biomaterials. In this brief review, we focus on one aspect of chitosan’s utility, namely we discuss recent advances in dual-responsive chitosan hydrogel nanomaterials.