原子运动速度对激光驻波场作用下纳米光栅沉积特性的影响

利用近共振激光驻波场操纵中性原子实现纳米光栅的沉积是一种新型的研制纳米结构方法,处于激光驻波场中的原子运动速度特性对最终纳米光栅的沉积特性有着重要的影响.利用半经典理论,基于4阶Runge-Kutta算法进行了不同铬原子纵向和横向运动速度条件下纳米光栅结构沉积的仿真研究.研究表明,铬原子纵向速度为最大概率速度960 m/s时,所形成的纳米光栅的半高宽为1.49 nm,对比度为62.1 ∶1,当铬原子的纵向速度为半最大概率速度480 m/s时,纳米光栅的半高宽为5.35 nm,对比度下降为25.6 ∶1.同 关键词： 原子光刻 纳米计量 激光驻波场 纳米光栅结构     

偏斜椭圆激光驻波场作用下中性原子沉积纳米光栅结构特性分析

分析了椭圆激光驻波场的偏斜对中性原子运动过程和沉积过程的影响,对不同偏斜角度椭圆激光驻波场作用下中性铬原子沉积纳米光栅结构的特性进行了仿真研究,由仿真结果可以看出,随着偏斜椭圆形激光束偏斜角的增加,对应于不同y平面,激光驻波场汇聚中性原子所形成纳米光栅条纹的对比度不断减小、半高宽不断增大.当椭圆长短轴之比为2:1条件下,椭圆激光驻波场的偏斜角为0°时,纳米光栅的条纹半高宽为3.2 nm,条纹对比度为36:1,而当偏斜角为15°时,激光驻波场中心位置处的沉积条纹的半高宽为6.5 nm,条纹对比度为24:1,而当椭圆激光驻波场偏斜角度达到30°时,沉积条纹的单峰结构将会产生分裂,形成了双峰结构,且随着偏斜角的增加,沉积条纹的分裂越严重,纳米光栅的沉积质量越差.对于其他长短轴比例条件下的激光场亦可根据比例关系获得相应的纳米光栅沉积特性. 关键词： 原子光刻 偏斜椭圆激光驻波场 纳米光栅     

一种新颖的实现纳米条纹沉积方法研究

利用近共振激光驻波场操纵中性原子实现纳米量级条纹沉积技术是一种新型的研制纳米结构长度传递标准的方法,采用了一种新颖的方法,通过预准直孔的设定,将原子束在空间分成三部分,利用中间部分的原子束和近共振激光驻波场相互作用,在激光驻波场辐射压力作用下使原子按照特定周期沉积在基板上,从而实现纳米条纹的制作.利用两侧部分的原子束与探测激光束相互作用,通过其感生荧光来监测中间部分原子束沉积过程中的准直效果,从而为原子的沉积过程提供实时的原子束特性监测.最后对纳米沉积条纹在经由三狭缝预准直结构作用前后的效果进行了三维仿真,结果表明,未采用该三狭缝预准直结构时,纳米沉积条纹的半高宽为32nm,对比度为8∶1,而采用该三狭缝预准直结构之后,纳米沉积条纹的半高宽为6.2nm,对比度为28∶1,大大提高了纳米沉积条纹的质量.     

沟道效应作用下中性原子在激光驻波场中的沉积特性研究

基于半经典理论,建立了中性原子与激光驻波场相互作用的模型,分析了中性原子在激光驻波场沟道效应作用下运动轨迹及沉积特性,探讨了球差、色差和原子束发散角对沉积条纹的影响. 得到了上述三种影响因素下纳米光栅的半高宽分别为0.532,12.16,96.70 nm. 仿真结果表明,随着原子束发散角度的增加,沉积条纹的对比度将会下降,当原子束发散角分别为0.1 mard时,其对比度为85.2：1,发散角为0.3 mrad时,条纹对比度为5.33：1,而当发散角增加至0.5 mrad以上时,沉积条纹将会出现分裂现象,导致条纹的恶化. 关键词： 激光驻波场 纳米光栅 沟道效应     

椭圆型激光驻波场作用下Cr原子的汇聚特性研究

利用近共振激光驻波场操纵中性原子实现纳米级条纹沉积技术是一种新型的研制纳米结构长度标准传递的方法.分析了Cr原子在椭圆型激光驻波场作用下的沉积特性,分别对不同椭圆激光驻波场功率下Cr原子的沉积条纹及不同y平面上沉积条纹特性进行了模拟和分析.同时针对椭圆激光驻波场作用下Cr原子发散角对沉积条纹特性的影响进行了模拟计算,比较了不同发散角条件下沉积条纹的对比度和半高宽. 关键词： 原子光刻 椭圆激光驻波场 Cr原子     

直边衍射驻波场中铬原子三维沉积特性分析EI北大核心CSCD

利用近共振激光驻波场操纵中性原子实现纳米级条纹沉积是一种新型的研制纳米结构长度标准传递方法。在会聚原子过程中,由于沉积基片的存在,激光驻波场内会产生直边衍射现象,从而影响原子的运动轨迹及沉积光栅。建立了直边衍射扰动下激光驻波场模型,通过四阶龙格-库塔法,对铬原子的三维运动轨迹及沉积效果进行仿真。考虑到激光功率与失谐量的影响,从半峰全宽(FWHM)和对比度入手,对铬原子运动轨迹及沉积条纹特性进行分析。结果表明,当激光功率为3.93mW,失谐量为200 MHz时,原子沉积光栅的FWHM为6.043nm,对比度为0.863,原子沉积光栅的质量最佳。与经典模型相比,该模型考虑了驻波场中直边衍射的影响,所得模拟结果更接近实际,对实验有理论指导意义。     

直边衍射驻波场中铬原子三维沉积特性分析

利用近共振激光驻波场操纵中性原子实现纳米级条纹沉积是一种新型的研制纳米结构长度标准传递方法。在会聚原子过程中,由于沉积基片的存在,激光驻波场内会产生直边衍射现象,从而影响原子的运动轨迹及沉积光栅。建立了直边衍射扰动下激光驻波场模型,通过四阶龙格-库塔法,对铬原子的三维运动轨迹及沉积效果进行仿真。考虑到激光功率与失谐量的影响,从半峰全宽(FWHM)和对比度入手,对铬原子运动轨迹及沉积条纹特性进行分析。结果表明,当激光功率为3.93mW,失谐量为200 MHz时,原子沉积光栅的FWHM为6.043nm,对比度为0.863,原子沉积光栅的质量最佳。与经典模型相比,该模型考虑了驻波场中直边衍射的影响,所得模拟结果更接近实际,对实验有理论指导意义。     

激光驻波场中Cr原子运动轨迹与汇聚沉积的分析

利用半经典模型，从铬原子在激光驻波场中的运动方程出发，通过数值解方法模拟了铬原子在驻波场中的运动轨迹，并分析了原子的纵向速度分布和准直程度及球差对沉积条纹结构的影响，同时也讨论了基片摆放位置对沉积条纹结构的影响，并通过实验得到了纳米光栅条纹结构. 关键词： 激光驻波场 原子沉积 运动轨迹 沉积分布     

激光驻波场中钠原子沉积图样的理论研究

原子在近共振激光驻波场中受光的作用力汇聚沉积，形成以激光半波长为周期的光栅结构. 利用半经典模型对钠原子束在不饱和驻波场中的运动行为进行了理论研究，用数值方法模拟出在考虑横向温度、纵向速度和自由飞程后钠原子沉积的光栅结构，通过半高宽、对比度对最终沉积图样进行表征，分析了这些因素对沉积的影响，为正在开展的原子光刻实验提供了必要的理论依据. 关键词： 原子沉积 半经典模型 激光驻波场     

激光会聚铬原子光栅三维特性分析

采用近共振激光驻波场会聚铬原子沉积技术制作的原子光栅可以作为纳米级长度计量标准.基于粒子光学模型,综合考虑横向发散角、纵向速度分布以及同位素等影响因素,采用蒙特-卡罗方法确定原子运动的初始条件,对激光驻波会聚原子的三维特性进行了研究.获得了不同激光功率下沉积条纹的三维结构,分析了纵向高斯激光分布和椭圆高斯激光截面对沉积...     

Proliferation of atomic wave packets at the nodes of a standing light wave

A quantum analysis is presented of the motion and internal state of a two-level atom in a strong standing-wave light field. Coherent evolution of the atomic wave-packet, atomic dipole moment, and population inversion strongly depends on the ratio between the detuning from atom-field resonance and a characteristic atomic frequency. In the basis of dressed states, atomic motion is represented as wave-packet motion in two effective optical potentials. At exact resonance, coherent population trapping is observed when an atom with zero momentum is centered at a standing-wave node. When the detuning is comparable to the characteristic atomic frequency, the atom crossing a node may or may not undergo a transition between the potentials with probabilities that are similar in order of magnitude. In this detuning range, atomic wave packets proliferate at the nodes of the standing wave. This phenomenon is interpreted as a quantum manifestation of chaotic transport of classical atoms observed in earlier studies. For a certain detuning range, there exists an interval of initial momentum values such that the atom simultaneously oscillates in an optical potential well and moves as a ballistic particle. This behavior of a wave packet is a quantum analog of a classical random walk of an atom, when it enters and leaves optical potential wells in a seemingly irregular manner and freely moves both ways in a periodic standing light wave. In a far-detuned field, the transition probability between the potentials is low, and adiabatic wave-packet evolution corresponding to regular classical motion of an atom is observed.     

Time-resolved detection of atoms diffracted from a standing light wave

We present a time-resolved experimental observation of the diffraction of metastable helium atoms from a nearly resonant standing light wave. The application of a time-resolved detection technique and a pulsed source allows to resolve high diffraction orders, which are populated in the atom-light interaction. Furthermore, the rms momentum transfer from the light field on the atom as a function of the interaction time is investigated. Future applications of this technique may be the detailed investigation of the motion of atoms in standing light waves and the detection of correlations between spontaneously emitted photons and atoms.Dedicated to H. Walter on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

Quantum motions of ultracooled atoms in resonant laser field

The analysis has been made of quantum motions of cooled atoms in a resonant light field. The existence of the band structure of energetic levels is predicted of quantum atom motions in a standing light wave field. Cooling and trapping of atoms has been described from the quantum point of view. The possibility of detection r.f. photons on the transitions of ultracooled atoms and molecules in a standing light wave field is proposed.     

Atom localization via absorption spectrum

We propose a scheme to localize an atom in a three-level A-type configuration inside a classical standing wave field conditioned upon the measurement of frequency of a weak probe field. Inside the classical standing wave field, the interaction between atom and the field is position-dependent due to the Rabi frequency of the driving field; hence, as the absorption frequency of the probe field is measured, the position of an atom inside the classical standing wave field will be determined. Localizing of an atom via absorption spectrum occurs during its motion inside the standing wave field. An investigation of the probe field frequency shows that the degree of localization depends on interaction parameters such as detuning, phase difference between applied fields, and Rabi frequency of the driving field.     

Analysis of Cr atom focusing deposition properties in the double half Gaussian standing wave field

The use of the dipole force on atoms is a new technology that is used to build nanostructures. In this way, a high quality standard nano-grating can be obtained. Based on the semi-classical model, the motion equation is investigated and the trajectories of atoms in double half Gaussian standing wave field are simulated. Compared with the Gaussian standing wave field, the double half Gaussian standing wave can well focus the Cr atoms. In order to obtain this kind of beam, a prism is designed and the experimental result shows that the beam is well generated.     

驻波场中原子的跃迁速率与所受辐射压力的关系

从二能级原子的密度矩阵运动方程出发,研究了原子在驻波场中的受激吸收速率、受激辐射速率和辐射压力的对应关系,提出了在驻波场中原子所受的辐射压力由受激吸收力和受激辐射力构成。此观点可以推广至N个行波场和原子相互作用的情况。     

The recoil effect in a strong electromagnetic field

The recoil effect in a strong resonance field of a standing electromagnetic wave has been studied. In order to find the response to the external field (the induced dipole momentum) it is necessary to take into account the variations in the motion of the atoms in this field: the response and the energy spectrum of the atoms are determined from the system of wave equations for the multi-level atoms. The problem of a weak signal absorption in the presence of a strong standing wave which is in resonance with the adjacent transition, is solved. In this case the contour of the absorption line is shown to diverge into two wide bands, their width being proportional to the strong field amplitude. The contribution of continuous and discrete states of the atoms in a standing wave field has been found.     

Laser-Induced Climbing of Cold Atoms Against the Gravity

We demonstrate climbing of cold atoms against the gravity in a one-dimensional vertical laser standing wave. At an appropriately chosen laser–atom detuning, we show that freely falling atoms change the direction of motion and move upward. The effect is due to a tiny interplay between internal and external atomic degrees of freedom in a rigid optical lattice.