测量不确定度的一些新概念的分析与讨论

介绍不确定度与误差在定义主计算方法上的区别,讨论不确定度新概念的特点和优越性,并说明在物理实验教学中采用不确定度的必要性。     

不确定度在工科基础物理实验中的应用举例

本文扼要地介绍测量不确定度的定义及计算方法,并针对大学低年级工科基础物理实验的要求,列举了在基本测量实验中求铜管体积的具体应用,希望学生淡化误差,养成不确定度应用于数据处理中的良好习惯。     

采用不确定度评定和分析实验误差初探

以国际《测量不确定度表达指南》和国家计量技术规范《JJF1059-1999测量不确定度评定与表示》为依据,结合实验实践,阐述了不确定度的定义内涵、分析意义以及不确定度与误差的区别和联系,给出了用不确定度评定测量结果的一些方法。     

大学物理实验测量结果的表示

物理实验结果应采用不确定度表示,并给出了直接测量及间接测量情况下,测量结果的不确定度表示。     

物理实验中间接测量结果的不确定度评定

简述不确定度在物理实验中的表达形式 ,举例说明间接测量结果的不确定度评定     

物理实验结果的不确定度及其修约规则

物理实验由于测量误差的存在,需要对实验测量结果进行评定,国际上通用的办法是计算测量结果的合成不确定度．本文结合物理实验的实际情况讨论了合成不确定度的计算方法,并对结果的修约规则给出了自己的建议．     

物理实验中测量结果及其不确定度的有效位数

本文主要介绍了物理实验中测量结果及其不确定度的有效位数,通过举例,对不同情况下与此相关的问题进行讨论,从而明确测量结果及其不确定度的有效位数的取舍.     

物理实验教学中不确定度的引入

介绍在传统物理实验教学中应用误差评定实验数据的弊端，应用不确定度评定测量结果的优点及在物理实验教学中引入不确定度的一种成功做法．     

开关触发延迟时间和抖动测量的不确定度分析

为明确脉冲功率装置开关触发延迟时间和抖动测量的可信度,进行了不确定度评定。使用拟合的线性关系式结合示波器水平分辨力导致的不确定度建立开关延迟时间不确定度的数学模型;根据抖动的定义建立抖动的测量不确定度数学模型。两者均按B类不确定度评定。以相关实验数据为基础计算了各个不确定度分量、合成标准不确定度以及扩展不确定度。按工程测量要求置信概率为95%,取包含因子为2,可得初级实验平台(PTS)单路样机激光触发开关触发延迟时间测量的扩展不确定度为0.38 ns;抖动测量的扩展不确定度为0.13 ns。延迟时间和抖动测量结果的不确定度满足实验分析的要求。     

不确定度在高职物理实验中的应用例析

结合实验示例说明了误差理论和不确定度理论在处理实验结果中的应用,给出了具体操作流程.提倡在高职物理教学中采用不确定度理论来处理实验数据,以提高学生分析处理问题的能力.     

T and S dualities and the cosmological evolution of the dilaton and the scale factors

Cosmologically stabilizing radion along with the dilaton is one of the major concerns of low energy string theory. One can hope that T and S dualities can provide a plausible answer. In this work we study the impact of S and T duality invariances on dilaton gravity. We have shown various instances where physically interesting models arise as a result of imposing the mentioned invariances. In particular S duality has a very privileged effect, in that the dilaton equations partially decouple from the evolution of the scale factors. This makes it easy to understand the general rules for the stabilization of the dilaton. We also show that certain T duality invariant actions become S duality invariance compatible. That is, they mimic S duality when the extra dimensions stabilize.     

Design and analysis of the tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the spectrum hall of the CSNS

There is a tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the target station in the spectrum hall in the CSNS project.The length of the tunnel is about 20 m.The shielding design of the tunnel is very significant for the persons working in the spectrum hall because the tunnel is not covered ed soil for shielding.In order to reduce the dose rate at the exit of the cable ducts,we use the ISIS construction,which is designed with four turnings,as a reference for the tunnel design.The thickness of the shielding is obtained by a simulationwith the Monte Carlo Code FLUKA.The result is compared with the data obtained with Moyer Mode and the reliability of the simulation is proved.This paper provides the basis for the design of the tunnel.     

Design and analysis of the tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the spectrum hall of the CSNS

There is a tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the target station in the spectrum hall in the CSNS project. The length of the tunnel is about 20 m. The shielding design of the tunnel is very significant for the persons working in the spectrum hall because the tunnel is not covered by soil for shielding. In order to reduce the dose rate at the exit of the cable ducts, we use the ISIS construction, which is designed with four turnings, as a reference for the tunnel design. The thickness of the shielding is obtained by a simulation with the Monte Carlo Code FLUKA. The result is compared with the data obtained with Moyer Mode and the reliability of the simulation is proved. This paper provides the basis for the design of the tunnel.     

Boltzmann'sH theorem and the Loschmidt and the Zermelo paradoxes

The Umkehreinwand of Loschmidt and the Wiederkehreinwand of Zermelo have been reexamined. The former paradox depends on the augument that for a dynamical system, upon the reversal of the velocities of all the molecules, theH function retraces its sequence of values so thatdH/dt will change its sign. The latter paradox depends on the argument that theH function returns infinitely close to its value after a Poincare' quasi-period and therefore cannot be decreasing all the time. While the main contention of the two paradoxes is correct, that theH theorem is inconsistent with classical dynamical laws, the arguments there can be considerably simplified and the “paradoxes” answered more directly. If the distribution functionf(q _K ,p _K ,t) is governed by an equation which is time-reversal invariant (such as the Liouville equation for a closed dynamical system), then it can be shown immediately thatdH/dt=0,H=cons. In this case, both paradoxes disappear, but together with them, thedH/dt<0 part of theH theorem also has disappeared, i.e., there is no second law of thermodynamics. Iff(q _K ,p _K ,t) is governed by an equation which is not time-reversal invariant (such as the Boltzmann equation, or the Master Equation for Markovian processes), then (1) there is no argument forf andH(t) to retrace their sequence of values upon the reversal of all the velocities of the system, (2) there is no quasiperiod in whichf andH(t) return to their earlier values. In this case, both paradoxes disappear also, but then one must go beyond classical dynamics in order to maintain theH theorem.     

岩石密度及磁化率与反射光谱特征关系研究

通过对三大岩类中15种岩石样本（样本总数目达208块）进行取样测定,获得其密度、磁化率以及波段350～2 500 nm的反射光谱数据。以研究岩石物性（密度及磁化率）与其不同波段反射率相关性,求取了相关系数曲线。根据试验结果曲线,进一步对具有岩石反射率定性及定量探讨岩石密度及磁化率前景的岩石种类及波段进行了总结,并且对几种岩石相关系数曲线的特征进行了归纳。认为通过岩石反射率间接获取岩石密度及磁化率的研究思路具有一定意义及可行性。     

On the connection between the solutions to the Dirac and Weyl equations and the corresponding electromagnetic four-potentials

In this work we study in detail the connection between the solutions to the Dirac and Weyl equations and the associated electromagnetic four-potentials.First,it is proven that all solutions to the Weyl equation are degenerate,in the sense that they correspond to an infinite number of electromagnetic four-potentials.As far as the solutions to the Dirac equation are concerned,it is shown that they can be classified into two classes.The elements of the first class correspond to one and only one four-potential,and are called non-degenerate Dirac solutions.On the other hand,the elements of the second class correspond to an infinite number of four-potentials,and are called degenerate Dirac solutions.Further,it is proven that at least two of these fourpotentials are gauge-inequivalent,corresponding to different electromagnetic fields.In order to illustrate this particularly important result we have studied the degenerate solutions to the forcefree Dirac equation and shown that they correspond to massless particles.We have also provided explicit examples regarding solutions to the force-free Weyl equation and the Weyl equation for a constant magnetic field.In all cases we have calculated the infinite number of different electromagnetic fields corresponding to these solutions.Finally,we have discussed potential applications of our results in cosmology,materials science and nanoelectronics.     

Dependence of the Intensity of the Spectral Lines and the Composition of the Sample and the Plasma Parameters of the Unipolar Arc

The investigation was made of the dependence of the intensity of Tl, Ga, Mo, Mg, Mn, Sn, Bi, Ni, Zn, Pt and Au spectral lines and the plasma parameters (temperature T, electron concentration n_e, degree of 6 ionnization α) from concentration of lithium additive.     

Infrared renormalons and the relations between the Gross-Llewellyn Smith and the Bjorken polarized and unpolarized sum rules

It is demonstrated that the infrared renormalon calculus indicates that the QCD theoretical expressions for the Gross-Llewellyn Smith sum rule and for the Bjorken polarized and unpolarized ones contain an identical negative twist-4 1/Q² correction. This observation is supported by the consideration of the results of calculations of the corresponding twist-4 matrix elements. Together with the indication of the similarity of the perturbative QCD contributions to these three sum rules, this observation leads to simple new theoretical relations between the Gross-Llewellyn Smith and Bjorken polarized and unpolarized sum rules in the energy region Q² ≥ 1 GeV². The validity of this relation is checked using concrete experimental data for the Gross-Llewellyn Smith and Bjorken polarized sum rules.     

On the Bose symmetry and the left- and right-chiral anomalies

It is generally assumed that in order to preserve Bose symmetry in the left- (or right-chiral) current it is necessary to equally distribute the chiral anomaly between the vectorial and the axial Ward identities, requiring the use of counterterms to restore consistency. In this work, we show how to calculate the quantum breaking of the left- and right-chiral currents in a way that allows to preserve Bose symmetry independently of the chiral anomaly, using the implicit regularization method.