共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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文章是在杨-米尔斯场50周年学术报告会上的报告的精简部分.它和作者发表的一组评述互相补充,目的是引介非亚贝尔规范场和量子不可积相位因子,解说作为20世纪物理学主旋律之一的相位因子的物理意义. 相似文献
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简要介绍杨振宁的一项重要学术贡献。一般物理学界人士都熟悉杨振宁在现代物理学中的三项伟大贡献:(1)非阿贝尔规范场理论;(2)杨-Baxter方程;(3)弱互作用宇称不守恒。文章介绍的是在这三大贡献之外的一项较少为人知的重要贡献:量子不可积相位因子和规范场的积分表示。 相似文献
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本文从历史发展的和几何的角度说明规范变换,相位因子和规范场等物理概念的关系。它是作者一组关于规范场理论记述[1~6]的后续和补充,特别是从规范的历史发展和相位因子几何概念初步去理解杨—米尔斯规范理论的渊源。本文只是从初等水平去说明,不去触及纤维丛等数学,以避免需要拓扑学的预备知识。 相似文献
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本文从历史发展的和几何的角度说明规范变换,相位因子和规范场等物理概念的关系。它是作者一组关于规范场理论记述[1~6]的后续和补充,特别是从规范的历史发展和相位因子几何概念初步去理解杨—米尔斯规范理论的渊源。本文只是从初等水平去说明,不去触及纤维丛等数学,以避免需要拓扑学的预备知识。 相似文献
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文章分析了重力势能、引力势能、电荷势能、化学势能、热量势能、质量积、动量积等多种势能,发现它们均可表达为一种守恒广延量和对应的强度量的乘积,因此可将其统一定义为"积".基于积这一概念,文章得到了孤立系统内守恒广延量传递过程的积减原理,即孤立系统内进行的守恒广延量传递过程中系统的积总是减小的.进一步,文章还基于积的概念发展了孤立系统和封闭系统的势平衡判据,发现孤立系统达到势平衡状态时,系统的积达到最小值(最小积原理);当封闭系统达到势平衡状态时,系统的准自由积达到最小值(最小准自由积原理).上述结论应用于传热学中即可得到热量传递过程的(火积)减原理及相应的热平衡判据.与热力学中的核心概念熵相对应,由于物理量(火积)可以描述传热过程的不可逆性,作为传热过程的优化准则,度量系统的无序度,并给出系统的热平衡判据,因此(火积)是传热学中的核心概念.
关键词:
势能
积
积减原理
平衡判据 相似文献
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波的核心是相位,驻波的关键是入射波与反射波的相位差,入射波和反射波相位随x、t变化的关系可用相位图(移动的斜线)表示,而相位差仅随x变化,也可用斜线表示,这样即可很方便地确定波节和波腹的位置。 相似文献
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There are three non-integrable phases in literatures: Berry phase,
Aharonov-Anandan phase, and Yang phase. This article discusses the
definitions and relations between these three non-integrable phases. 相似文献
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本文采用双模晶体相场模型,计算了双模二维相图;模拟了形变诱导六角相向正方相转变过程的多级微结构演化,详细分析了位相差、形变方向对位错、晶界、晶体结构、新相形貌的影响规律.模拟结果表明:形变方向影响正方相晶核的形核位置和生长方向,拉伸时正方相优先在变形带上形核,垂直于形变方向长大,而压缩时正方相直接在位错和晶界的能量较高处形核,平行于形变方向长大;位相差对形变诱发晶界甄没过程有显著影响,体现在能量峰上为,小位相差晶界位错的攀滑移和甄没形成一个能量峰,大位相差晶界位错攀滑移和甄没因分阶段完成而不出现明显的能量峰;形变诱导相变过程中各种因素相互作用复杂,是相变与动态再结晶的复合转变. 相似文献
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This paper proposes a simple, compact, practical, less nonlinear, less decorrelation and multi-purpose phase modulator for one beam ESPI which can be used perform both phase shifting and fringe carriering techniques. Theory together with experimental demonstrations are presented. 相似文献
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This paper proposes a simple, compact, practical, less nonlinear, less decorrelation and multi-purpose phase modulator for one beam ESPI which can be used perform both phase shifting and fringe carriering techniques. Theory together with experimental demonstrations are presented. 相似文献
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We use the quantum kinematic approach to revisit geometric phases associated with polarizing processes of a monochromatic light wave. We give the expressions of geometric phases for any, unitary or non-unitary, cyclic or non-cyclic transformations of the light wave state. Contrarily to the usually considered case of absorbing polarizers, we found that a light wave passing through a polarizer may acquire in general a nonzero geometric phase. This geometric phase exists despite the fact that initial and final polarization states are in phase according to the Pancharatnam criterion and cannot be measured using interferometric superposition. Consequently, there is a difference between the Pancharatnam phase and the complete geometric phase acquired by a light wave passing through a polarizer. We illustrate our work with the particular example of total reflection based polarizers. 相似文献
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Chi Ching Chang 《Optical Review》1997,4(5):556-560
We demonstrate the simultaneous phase conjugation of multiple beams incident on the a face of a photorefractive barium titanate crystal. The input beam power, angle and position were set so that no phase conjugation occurs unless a switchable incoherent inducing beam is present on the — c face of the crystal. The use of the inducing technique with two mutually pumped phase conjugations for four input beams, or one self-pumped and one mutually pumped phase conjugation for three input beams can be performed in a crystal. Unlike the setup of conventional phase conjugation, which requires more precise arrangements, the novel setup of the multi-beam induced phase conjugation is relatively relaxed. The mechanism responsible for our discovery is qualitatively explained, and possible applications are mentioned. 相似文献
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In this work, our investigation is to study the optical and thermal properties of the binary mixture of cholesteric and nematic compounds, namely, cholesteryl nonanoate and p-methoxybenzylidene-p-ethylaniline, which exhibits a very interesting liquid crystalline twisted grain boundary (TGB) phase and reentrant smectic-A phase. The chiral liquid crystalline TGB phases and reentrant smectic-A phases have been observed at different concentrations and at different temperatures. The existence of TGB and reentrant smectic-A phases is confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry and optical microscopic studies. The variation of optical anisotropy has been discussed. The helical pitch of the cholesteric phase has also been discussed. 相似文献