SOLVENT QUALITY AND SOLUTION BEHAVIOR OF NYLON 12

The refractive index increment,dynamic and static laser light scattering,intrinsic viscosity[η]and Huggins constant(K_H)of nylon 12 have been measured in m-cresol and sulphuric acid/water system at 10-60℃.The intrinsic viscosity,R_H,R_g,A_2,and(~2)~(1/2)(calculated from viscosity data)and"a"values of nylon 12 are found to be higher in m-cresol than in sulphuric acid.All these parameters decrease with the increase in water contents in sulphuric acid.The refractive index increment,K_H and activation energy show an opposite trend to that of[η].The intrinsic viscosity,R_H,R_g,A_2, and(~2)~(1/2) have maximum values around 30-40℃in sulphuric acid/water system,whereas in m-cresol they fall at about 20℃.It has been concluded that the variation in size,interaction parameter(second virial coefficient),[η]and K_H of the polymer solutions with the alteration in solvent composition and temperature are the out come of change in thermodynamic quality of solvents,selective adsorption,hydrogen bonding and conformational transitions.It has also been concluded that the increase in temperature first enhances the quality of the solvent,encourages hydrogen bonding and specific adsorption, and then deteriorates,bringing conformational transitions in the polymer molecules.However,the addition of water to sulphuric acid continuously deteriorates the solvent quality.This characteristic of the solvent system brings conformational changes in the polymer especially at low temperatures.     

γ-射线辐照对尼龙6纤维结构的影响

<正> 过去的大多数研究表明,高能射线辐照会引起聚乙烯及聚丙烯等稀烃类聚合物分子链交联及降解,而且会导致结晶度下降。张利华等人最近的研究表明,对于尼龙1010塑料,仅当辐照剂量高到一定程度后,辐照才会破坏结晶。此外,Stowe等人曾经研究过近紫外线对尼龙66纤维结构的影响,结果表明,在空气气氛中的近紫外辐照主要导致尼龙66纤维降解,并使纤维结晶度提高。有关高能射线辐照对高度取向的合成纤维结构及性能的影响的研究尚不多见。本工作将讨论γ-射线对于尼龙6纤维结构的影响。     

三维壳聚糖材料中水的状态与其性能的关系

利用原位沉析法制备了具有层状结构的高强度三维壳聚糖(chitosan,CS)材料,由于CS分子结构中存在大量的亲水基团,容易吸附水分子.通过热分析(TGA,DSC)测试发现吸水后的CS材料中的水分是以3种不同的状态存在,结合水、中间态水和自由水.结合力学性能的方法分析不同状态的水对材料性能的影响.结果表明,结合水和CS以氢键紧密结合,有较好的热稳定性,对材料的力学性能有增强作用;CS棒材在环境中吸附的中间态水相当于一种增塑剂,随着水含量的增加,材料力学性能的下降符合Fermi经验公式;中间态水达到饱和之后,自由水开始出现,自由水和CS之间的作用力很弱,温度较低时会结晶成冰.自由水的渗透与中间态水比对材料的力学性能没有明显的影响.     

尼龙-6和尼龙-6合金的球晶结构与破坏性能的研究

成型冷却速度即结晶速度对单纯尼龙 ６和尼龙 ６合金的拉伸破坏性能具有不同的影响．结晶速度慢，球晶尺寸大，单纯尼龙 ６的拉伸破坏强度高，破坏形变和破坏能量减小；尼龙 ６／热塑性聚酰胺弹性体／增容剂合金不仅拉伸破坏强度高，而且破坏形变和破坏能量都有所增加．研究表明，虽然球晶尺寸影响尼龙 ６的破坏性能，但球晶的性质即球晶的界面上和片晶 片晶间的非晶部分结构、微小分散粒子的空洞化及相与相之间的界面结合强度是影响尼龙 ６破坏性能的主要因素．     

马来酸酐化SEBS对尼龙1212/尼龙6共混体系形态和性能的影响

研究了马来酸酐接枝氢化苯乙烯 丁二烯 苯乙烯嵌段共聚物 (MA SEBS)对尼龙 12 12 尼龙 6共混体系形态和性能影响 .结果表明 ,在以尼龙 6为连续相而尼龙 12 12为分散相时 ,MA SEBS加入大大提高了两相间的相容性 ,导致尼龙 12 12分散相的细化 .透射电镜观察表明 ,共混体系形成特殊的“核 壳”结构 ,处在分散相和连续相间的“壳”MA SEBS起到了很好的相容剂的作用 .在尼龙 12 12 尼龙 6为 30 70时 ,仅用 15 %的MA SEBS ,共混体系即获得超高韧性 .     

STUDY ON THE MECHANISM OF NYLON 6, 6 DISSOLVING PROCESS USING CaCl_2/MeOH AS THE SOLVENT

A discussion of the mechanism of nylon 6, 6 dissolving process using CaCl_2/MeOH as the sol-vent is presented. The calcium chloride forms a complex compound with nylon 6, 6 by breakingthe hydrogen bonds. The melting point of the CaCl_2 --nylon 6, 6 complex was found to be reducedby 91K relative to the pure nylon 6, 6 polymer. The role of methanol is somewhat similar to acatalyst. The results demonstrate that the complexation of a Lewis acid (CaCl_2) and a Lewis base(nylon 6, 6) can be used to probe intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding in polymers, to modify the polymer properties and mediate its solubility and processing.     

EFFECT OF SOLVENT COMPOSITION ON THE SULFONATION DEGREE OF POLY(PHENYLENE OXIDE) (PPO)

This paper investigates the possibility of attaining sulphonated poly(phenylene oxide) (SPPO) with a relativelyhigher sulfonation degree. To achieve this aim, the approach we adopt is to improve the solubility of the final product in themixed solvent so that the sulfonation may take place between the bulk solutions and PPO powders even at higher sulfonationdegree. It is shown that the addition of a proper amount of dimethyl formide (DMF) to the conventional PPO-chloroformsystem can actually enhance the sulfonation effect. The solvent composition is then correlated with the sulfonation degreebased on the solubility parameters. It is interesting to find that solubility parameters between the mixed solvent and theprecipitated products keep an approximately unchanged value at about 4.9, which is just equal to that when pure chloroformis used, though the solubility parameters of both solvents increase with the content of DMF in solution. This may be the mainreason why the addition of DMF can reduce the precipitation and improve the ion exchange capacity (IEC) of SPPOpolymer.     

ACID DISSOCIATION BEHAVIOR OF 2, 3- AND 2, 3, 9,lO-METHYL- OR CYCLOHEXYL-SUBSTITUTED CYCLAMS,THEIR COMPLEXATION BEHAVIOR WITH COPPER@) AND THE AXIAL SOLVENT SPECTRUM OF THEIR COMPLEXESINTERACTION EFFECT ON THE LIGAND-FIELD

Abstract

Stability constants of Cu(Il)-complexes for 1, 4, 8, 11-tetra-azacyclotetradecane (cyclam) analogs with periphery substituted [14]aneN₄-ring, 2, 3-tetramethyl-, 2, 3, 9, 10-octamethyl-, 2, 3-cyclohexyl, and 2, 3, 9, 10-dicyclohexyl-cyclams have been determined at 25°C in aqueous solution. The UV-Vis absorption spectra of their complexes, ([Cu(L)] (C1O₄)₂), were measured in water and some typical organic solvents (methanol, acetone, propylene carbonate, formamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, and dimethylsulfoxide). A good linear relationship was found between the stability constant logK_CuL) and the difference between the wavenumber of maximum absorption in water and in the organic solvents (δλ_max ^?1 (W-S)). The value of logK_CuL at δλ_max ^?1(W-S) = 0 not only shows a linear relation to solvent parameters, donor number and dielectric constant, but also to the enthalpy of transfer of ClO₄ ^? from water to the organic solvents. The value is proposed as a new solvent parameter ‘Kλlue’ to be used as an index for solvent-effects on Cu(II)-complexes of cyclam analogs. The increasing order of the new parameter (log scale) is as follows; DMF(27.24)>DMSO(27.14)>FA(26.82)>MeOH(26.27)>PC(25.75)>AC(24.71). Another meaning of the new parameter is assumed from connection of the potentiometric data with spectrometric data. The solvent effects on stability and the UV-Vis spectra are assumed to be caused by perturbation of the D_{4 h} or axially-elongated ligand field through axial approach of solvent to the Cu(II)-complexes and by formation of a solvent-separated ion pair between a solvated Cu(lI)-complex cation and counter anion (ClO₄)     

用分光光度法研究[Fe(H2O)3(NCS)3](18-C-6)在微栅电极上的电化学性质

The electrochemical reduction processes of [Fe(H_2O)_3(NCS)_3] (18-C-6) have been studied in nonaqueous media by method of cyclic voltammetry and spectroelec-trochemistry at an optical transparent thin layer electrode. The formal potential, E°′, electron transfer number, n, diffusion cofficient, D_O, formal heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant, k_S′, and electrochemical transfer coefficient, a, are deter-minated. Significant effect of solvents on the electrochemical behaviors has been observed. The higher the β, the higher the thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities of the coordination compound resulted.     

STUDY ON THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF ADSORPTION OF ETHYL BENZOATE AND DIETHYL PHTHALATE BY PHENOLIC RESIN ADSORBENTS

This paper presents experimental observations on the adsorption of individual solutes by a simple thermodynamic framework, and the equilibrium adsorption of ethyl benzoate and diethyl phthalate on phenolic resin adsorbent in hexane solutions within the temperature range of 293-313 K. The experimental results show that the Freundlich adsorption law is applicable to the adsorption of ethyl benzoate and diethyl phthalate on the adsorbent, since all the correlative factors R‘are larger than 0.99. The negative values of all the isosteric adsorption enthalpies for ethyl benzoate and diethyl phthalate indicate that they undergo exothermic processes, while their magnitudes (19-28 kJ/mol) manifest a hydrogen bonding sorption process. Other thermodynamic properties: the free energy changes and the entropy change associated with the adsorption have been calculated from the Gibbs adsorption equation and the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation.     

气液色谱法研究双—(O,O''—二正辛基二硫代磷酸酯)合镍(Ⅱ)与五员杂环化合物加合反应的热力学性质

气液色谱法是研究酸碱相互作用热力学性质的有效方法之一,适合于气液表面化学反应的研究,可以得到一些用其他方法难以获得的热力学参数,丰富了表面化学领域的研究,具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。文献[1—4]利用气液色谱法测量了Ni[THDD]₂、Ni[(C₈H₁₇O)₂PS₂]₂与含氮、含氧有机碱加合反应的平衡常数、标准焓变和标准熵变值。作为酸碱加合反应研究的一部份,本文测定了Ni[C₈H₁₇O)₂PS₂]₂与五员杂环化合物呋喃、噻吩和吡咯反应的热力学参数。     

固相配位化学反应研究——ⅩⅩⅩⅩⅠ.[Co(NH3)5(H2O)]Br3,[Cr(NH3)5(H2O)](NO3)3与无机盐KY(Y=Cl,Br,Ⅰ)的固相反应动力学研究

本文主要用气相色谱逸出气体分析方法,借助于红外、紫外可见漫反射谱等手段研究了[Co(NH₃)₅(H₂O)]Br₃、[Cr(NH₃)₅(H₂O)](NO₃)₃与无机盐KY(Y=Cl,Br,Ⅰ)的固相反应,计算了失水与失氨的动力学参数,发现第一步反应失水生成一取代中间产物,其活化能与外加阴离子无关,为S_N     

THE EFFECT AND FUNCTION OF AliBu_2OR'''' ON BUTADIENE-PROPYLENE ALTERNATING COPOLYMERIZATION CATALYZED BY VO(OR)_2Cl-AIiBu_3 SYSTEM

Four kinds of AliBu_2OB' with different R' were synthesized. The effect of AliBu_2OR'/AliBu_3 mole ratio on the conversion, the [η] of copolymer and catalytic efficiency were studied. The conversion was increased obviously and the catalytic efficiency was 2.7 times higher than before. The effect of the amount of AliBu_2OR' on the valence state of vanadium ion and the change of the valence state of vanadium ion with reaction temperature and time were studied. The VIS and IR spectra of the trinary-component catalyst system were measured. The model of active center including AliBu_2OR' was proposed. The function of AliBu_2OB was explained.