共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Background
Animals must frequently make choices between alternative courses of action, seeking to maximize the benefit obtained. They must therefore evaluate the magnitude and the likelihood of the available outcomes. Little is known of the neural basis of this process, or what might predispose individuals to be overly conservative or to take risks excessively (avoiding or preferring uncertainty, respectively). The nucleus accumbens core (AcbC) is known to contribute to rats' ability to choose large, delayed rewards over small, immediate rewards; AcbC lesions cause impulsive choice and an impairment in learning with delayed reinforcement. However, it is not known how the AcbC contributes to choice involving probabilistic reinforcement, such as between a large, uncertain reward and a small, certain reward. We examined the effects of excitotoxic lesions of the AcbC on probabilistic choice in rats. 相似文献2.
Faure K Fujimoto J Shimabukuro DW Ajayi T Shime N Moriyama K Spack EG Wiener-Kronish JP Sawa T 《Journal of immune based therapies and vaccines》2003,1(1):2
Background
The effects of the murine monoclonal anti-PcrV antibody Mab166 on acute lung injury induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were analyzed in a rat model. 相似文献3.
Background
The capsaicin (vanilloid) receptor, VR1, is an agonist-activated ion channel expressed by sensory neurons that serves as a detector of chemical and thermal noxious stimuli. 相似文献4.
Bita Baghernejad Majid M. Heravi Hossein A. Oskooie Nargess Poormohammad Maliheh Khorshidi Yahia Sh. Beheshtiha 《Molecular diversity》2011,15(1):245-248
Abstract
A simple and efficient synthesis of N-cyclohexyl-benzofuran derivatives was achieved via a one-pot three-component reaction of cyclohexylisocyanide, an aromatic aldehydes, and phenols in DMF for 10 h with good yields. 相似文献5.
Background
Anesthesia is produced by a depression of central nervous system function, however, the sites and mechanisms of action underlying this depression remain poorly defined. The present study compared and contrasted effects produced by five general anesthetics on synaptic circuitry in the CA1 region of hippocampal slices. 相似文献6.
Marijke WA de Backer Maike AD Brans Mieneke CM Luijendijk Keith M Garner Dianne MA van den Heuvel R Jeroen Pasterkamp Roger AH Adan 《BMC neuroscience》2010,11(1):94
Background
Multiple neuropeptides, sometimes with opposing functions, can be produced from one precursor gene. To study the roles of the different neuropeptides encoded by one large precursor we developed a method to overexpress minigenes and establish local secretion. 相似文献7.
Huawei Li Hong Liu C Eduardo Corrales Jessica R Risner Jeff Forrester Jeffrey R Holt Stefan Heller Albert SB Edge 《BMC neuroscience》2009,10(1):122
Background
Neural differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells is usually achieved by induction of ectoderm in embryoid bodies followed by the enrichment of neuronal progenitors using a variety of factors. Obtaining reproducible percentages of neural cells is difficult and the methods are time consuming. 相似文献8.
Alireza Gharabaghi Frank Kunath Michael Erb Ralf Saur Stefan Heckl Marcos Tatagiba Wolfgang Grodd Hans-Otto Karnath 《BMC neuroscience》2009,10(1):15-6
Background
By using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) and subsequent tractography, a perisylvian language network in the human left hemisphere recently has been identified connecting Brocas's and Wernicke's areas directly (arcuate fasciculus) and indirectly by a pathway through the inferior parietal cortex. 相似文献9.
Minmin Ma Yuping Ma Xueming Yi Ruibing Guo Wusheng Zhu Xinying Fan Gelin Xu William H Freyll Xinfeng Liu 《BMC neuroscience》2008,9(1):117
Background
The effect of neurotrophic factors in enhancing stroke-induced neurogenesis in the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) is limited by their poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. 相似文献10.
Background
Subjective tinnitus is characterized by an auditory phantom perception in the absence of any physical sound source. Consequently, in a quiet environment, tinnitus patients differ from control participants because they constantly perceive a sound whereas controls do not. We hypothesized that this difference is expressed by differential activation of distributed cortical networks. 相似文献11.
Jack Yu-Shih Lin Yu-Che Cheng Julia Yi-Ru Chen Chih-Cheng Chien Shih-Chang Lin Yeong-Ray Wen Tsung-Shan Tsou Qing-Dong Ling 《BMC neuroscience》2010,11(1):139
Background
Neuroplasticity induced by neonatal inflammation is the consequence of a combination of activity-dependent changes in neurons. We investigated neuronal sensitivity to a noxious stimulus in a rat model of neonatal hind-paw peripheral inflammation and assessed changes in pain behaviour at the physiological and molecular levels after peripheral reinflammation in adulthood. 相似文献12.
Background
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a critical role in amphetamine-produced conditioned place preference (CPP). In previous studies, NAc basal and amphetamine-produced DA transmission was altered by Group II mGluR agents. We tested whether NAc amphetamine CPP depends on Group II mGluR transmission. 相似文献13.
Senthilkumar K Sakthivel Udai P Singh Shailesh Singh Dennis D Taub Kristian R Novakovic James W LillardJr 《Journal of immune based therapies and vaccines》2008,6(1):6
Background
Alterations in serum CXCR3 ligand levels were examined in interstitial cystitis (IC) patients; similar expression patterns in serum as well as CXCR3, CXCR3 ligands, and cytokines expressed by peripheral and local leukocyte subpopulations were characterized during cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced acute cystitis in mice. 相似文献14.
Abstract
The versatility of nitroaliphatics is demonstrated by using it in the syntheses of artemisinin derived dimers. A few novel artemisinin derived dimer and monomer have been synthesized using nitroalkane as linker. 相似文献15.
Background
The generation of saccades is influenced by the level of "preparatory set activity" in cortical oculomotor areas. This preparatory activity can be examined using the gap-paradigm in which a temporal gap is introduced between the disappearance of a central fixation target and the appearance of an eccentric target. 相似文献16.
Lindsay J Hall Simon Clare Gordon Dougan 《Journal of immune based therapies and vaccines》2010,8(1):5
Background
Intranasal immunisation is potentially a very effective route for inducing both mucosal and systemic immunity to an infectious agent. 相似文献17.
Mohammed K Hossain-Ibrahim Kia Rezajooi William B Stallcup Alexander R Lieberman Patrick N Anderson 《BMC neuroscience》2007,8(1):80
Background
The chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan NG2 blocks neurite outgrowth in vitro and has been proposed as a major inhibitor of axonal regeneration in the CNS. Although a substantial body of evidence underpins this hypothesis, it is challenged by recent findings including strong expression of NG2 in regenerating peripheral nerve. 相似文献18.
Hana?Munakata Yukiko?Nakamura Kazumasa?Matsumoto-Miyai Kouichi?Itoh Hironobu?Yamasaki Sadao?Shiosaka
Background
The importance of L1 expression in the matured brain is suggested by physiological and behavioral studies showing that L1 is related to hippocampal plasticity and fear conditioning. The distribution of L1 in mouse brain might provide a basis for understanding its role in the brain. 相似文献19.
Sylvette Tinette Lixing Zhang Amélie Garnier Gilbert Engler Sophie Tares Alain Robichon 《BMC neuroscience》2007,8(1):65
Background
Drosophila flies explore the environment very efficiently in order to colonize it. They explore collectively, not individually, so that when a few land on a food spot, they attract the others by signs. This behaviour leads to aggregation of individuals and optimizes the screening of mates and egg-laying on the most favourable food spots. 相似文献20.
Jun-Ho Lee Eunjung Ko Young-Eun Kim Ji-Young Min Jian Liu Yangseok Kim Minkyu Shin Moochang Hong Hyunsu Bae 《BMC neuroscience》2010,11(1):152