共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 116 毫秒
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研究了在水溶液体系中用微波加热使壳聚糖发生羧甲基化改性的反应。探讨了碱化时间、微波加热时间、投料比对反应产率的影响。确定了壳聚糖在水溶液中改性的最佳条件:壳聚糖∶NaOH∶一氯乙酸=1∶10∶8(质量比),碱化时间为2.5h,微波加热时间和温度分别为20min和100℃。 相似文献
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推荐在水、离子液体绿色溶剂中的Knoevenagel缩合反应和无溶剂条件下的Knoevenagel缩合反应 (包括常规加热、微波辐射加热和红外辐射加热条件下的Knoevenagel缩合反应 )作为大学绿色化学的基础实验。这些实验涉及了目前绿色溶剂研究的几个主要方面 ,并具有操作简便 ,重现性好等特点。对学生了解绿色化学的本质提供了一个感性认知过程。 相似文献
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介绍了离子液体作溶剂、助溶剂、催化剂和反应试剂与微波协同促进有机合成的研究进展。离子液体与微波协同促进有机合成反应,缩短了反应时间,提高了反应的选择性和产率,对环境更加友好。 相似文献
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微波技术在Suzuki反应中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
与传统的加热方式相比,微波加热具有加热速度快、热效率高、节约能源、洁净、操作简单等优点,已成为重要的有机合成工具之一。钯催化的Suzuki反应提供了一种合成各种联芳烃的温和方法,具有较高的选择性。本文综述了近年来微波技术在Suzuki反应中的应用研究进展,涉及到各种不同的反应体系,重点讨论了KF/Al2O3负载钯和聚合物负载钯等非均相催化体系,对于均相反应则着重讨论无过渡金属和超低含量钯催化的Suzuki反应体系,还讨论了连续流动的微波反应器及Suzuki反应在有机合成中的应用。 相似文献
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在微波照射的相转移催化(MI-PTC)条件下,3种甲酰基功能化的交联聚苯乙烯树脂——对甲酰基苯氧基甲基树脂、对甲酰基-2-甲氧基苯氧基甲基树脂和对甲酰基-3-甲氧基苯氧基甲基树脂固载的甲酰基被NaBH4还原,得到相应的3种苄羟基功能化的树脂——Wang树脂、Sasrin树脂和新型的对苄羟基-3-甲氧基苯氧基甲基树脂.考察了溶剂、相转移催化剂等因素对反应的影响,优化的反应介质为THF/H2O混合溶剂,相转移催化剂为苄基三羟乙基氯化铵(BTHAC).然而,在传统加热和微波辐射条件下,最有效混合溶剂的配比有所不同.在水浴加热条件下,最有效的反应溶剂为12 mL THF+3 mL H2O;而在微波加热的条件下,最有效的反应溶剂却是3 mL THF+12 mL H2O.在优化的溶剂、催化剂条件下,微波功率为60 W时,高分子固载的甲酰基30 min之内几乎被定量地还原成羟基.与传统加热方式比较,MI-PTC还原聚苯乙烯固载甲酰基可以大大缩短反应时间,提高反应效率,是一种进行高分子化合物官能团转化的良好方法. 相似文献
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在微波作用下,采用高效催化剂体系,于中等极性非质子溶剂中经卤素交换氟化高效制备了系列含氟芳香醛(酮)类化合物,产品收率53·3%~92·6%,反应时间较常规加热最多可缩短80%以上。采用中等极性反应溶剂,还可突出表现出微波对反应促进的“非热效应”,从而大大拓宽了氟化反应溶剂的选择范围。 相似文献
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Jose M. RodríguezM. Dolors Pujol 《Tetrahedron letters》2011,52(21):2629-2632
β-Nitroalcohol or nitroethylene derivatives can be obtained from aryl aldehydes and nitromethane under Henry condensation conditions. We present a new modification using microwave irradiation or ultrasound as the energy source. Microwave irradiation allowed a novel one-pot synthesis of nitroolefins from aryl aldehydes using ammonium acetate as a catalyst without solvent. Different reaction conditions, such as base, solvent, and reaction time were studied. Only small amounts of β-hydroxyl nitro compounds were isolated, using microwave irradiation for less than 25 min. In contrast, the use of ultrasound increased the yield of the nitroalcohols. 相似文献
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单模微波辐照下壳聚糖-左旋聚乳酸接枝共聚物的酶催化合成 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以猪胰脂肪酶(PPL)代替传统的有机金属作为催化剂,在单模微波辐照下利用左旋丙交酯(L-LA)的开环聚合制备壳聚糖-左旋聚乳酸(CS-g-PLLA)接枝共聚物.考察了反应温度及酶用量对接枝率的影响.以此为基础,利用DTG、XRD和3T3成纤维细胞培养对产物的物理性能及细胞相容性进行分析.结果显示,猪胰酶可有效催化接枝反应的进行.反应温度和酶用量对产物的接枝率有较大影响.在单模微波作用下,较低的反应温度(50℃)可获得具有较高接枝率(178.8%)的接枝产物.与纯壳聚糖相比,接枝产物的结晶度和热稳定性降低,说明PLLA的引入破坏了壳聚糖的高结晶性.产物具有良好的细胞相容性,可作为优良的组织工程支架材料. 相似文献
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Iraj Mohammadpoor-Baltork Majid Moghadam Shahram TangestaninejadValiollah Mirkhani Arsalan Mirjafari 《Polyhedron》2008
A wide variety of primary and secondary alcohols were efficiently converted to their corresponding methoxymethyl (MOM) and ethoxymethyl (EOM) ethers in the presence of catalytic amounts of supported H3PW12O40 on silica gel and zirconia at room temperature and under microwave irradiation at solvent-free conditions, whereas, phenols and tertiary alcohols remained intact under the same reaction conditions. Deprotection of these ethers to their parent alcohols was also achieved using these heterogeneous catalysts in ethanol, as a green solvent, under reflux conditions and microwave irradiation. Selective deprotection of primary and secondary MOM- and EOM-ethers in the presence of phenolic and tertiary ones, methyl and benzyl ethers, esters and trimethylsilyl ethers was achieved by these reagent systems. The present methodology offers several advantages such as short reaction times, high yields, simple procedure, heterogeneous reaction conditions, selectivity, non-toxicity and reusability of the catalysts. 相似文献
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壳聚糖改性及用其整理纺织品抗菌性能的研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
用羟甲基化和醚化等方法制备了改性壳聚糖羟甲基壳聚糖和羟乙基乙基醚壳聚糖。在中性条件下它们溶解于水。实验显示,改性壳聚糖具有较好的抑菌作用和吸湿保湿性能。对织物进行的后整理实验发现,羟乙基乙基醚壳聚糖适用于对棉布的整理加工,羟甲基壳聚糖适用于对真丝绸的整理加工。经整理后的织物具有较好的抗菌性,且吸湿、透湿、染色性能较优。研究表明改性壳聚糖可作为优良的功能性天然“绿色”纺织品整理剂。 相似文献
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A new heterogeneous catalyst, lanthanum immobilized on chitosan, was synthesized and used for the aza‐Michael reaction of β‐enaminone under microwave irradiation. The characteristic structural features of the catalyst were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopies and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The stability of the catalyst was evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis. The use of recyclable catalyst and glycerol as solvent makes this procedure environmentally benign and economically viable. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》2017,54(1):305-312
A simple, efficient, and eco‐friendly procedure has been developed for the synthesis of bis(4H‐chromene‐3‐carbonitrile) derivatives using chitosan as catalyst under microwave‐assisted reaction conditions. For the sake of comparison, the reaction was also carried out under conventional heating in the presence of each of chitosan and piperidine as basic catalysts. 相似文献
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Pd nanoparticles immobilized on magnetic chitosan as a novel reusable catalyst for green Heck and Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction: In water at room temperature 下载免费PDF全文
A novel type of magnetically responsive chitosan nanocomposite was successfully synthesized as a green and high powerful palladium‐based heterogeneous catalyst and its efficiency in Heck and Suzuki cross‐coupling was evaluated. This catalyst promote a large library of functional substrates of these reactions under mild and sustainable conditions (water or ethanol as solvent, at room temperature, in significantly short reaction time (20 minutes)) and stand as recyclable, metal scavenging catalytic systems. 相似文献