缺陷对Pt在Graphene上吸附影响的研究

本文利用第一原理方法计算了空位缺陷和硼（B）掺杂时对Pt在graphene上吸附的影响.结果表明：Pt在graphene上吸附的稳定位置是Pt吸附在桥位；悬挂键的存在极大的增强了Pt在graphene空位处的吸附；B替位掺杂有利于Pt原子在杂质附近的吸附.     

缺陷对Pt在石墨烯上吸附影响的研究

本文利用第一原理方法计算了空位缺陷和硼(B)掺杂时对Pt在graphene上吸附的影响.结果表明:Pt在graphene上吸附的稳定住置是Pt吸附在桥住;悬挂键的存在极大的增强了Pt在graphene空位处的吸附;B替住掺杂有利于Pt原子在杂质附近的吸附.     

PtCu二元金属催化剂抗CO中毒性能的理论研究

基于密度泛函第一性原理研究了M-graphene(M=Pt,Cu,PtCu;graphene:pristine,Stonewales,Single-vacancy graphene)催化剂的抗CO中毒能力.对于纯Pt和纯Cu吸附在石墨烯上时,Pt的吸附能力最强,吸附结构最稳定.当Pt中掺杂Cu后,PtCu二元金属催化剂在石墨烯上的吸附结构的稳定性进一步增强.通过对M-graphene-CO吸附结构的研究,发现以缺陷石墨烯为载体的金属催化剂的抗CO中毒能力优于以原始石墨烯为载体的同种金属催化剂,PtCu二元金属催化剂抗CO中毒能力明显好于纯Pt和纯Cu的抗毒性.因此,缺陷石墨烯载体以及掺杂Cu的PtCu二元金属催化剂,对于提高催化剂的稳定性和抗CO中毒能力起到了重要的作用.     

Pt基电极材料硫中毒机理的计算机模拟研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法和超原胞模型,计算并分析了Pt及Cu掺杂的Pt基合金的表面态密度,以及S在Pt及Pt基合金表面的吸附能和态密度情况.考虑了多种掺杂体系及吸附构型,结果表明：Cu掺杂会降低Pt基体系表面费米能级附近态密度,Pt皮肤的存在可以有效地减小Cu掺杂对体系表面态密度的影响;与S在纯Pt表面吸附相比较,S在掺杂体系表面的吸附能较小,且S的吸附对掺杂体系费米能级附近表面态密度影响较小. 以上研究结果有助于为改善Pt基电极材料的催化性能,尤其是其抗S中毒性能提供理论依据.     

S在Pt皮肤Pt3Ni(111)面吸附的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,计算并分析了S原子在 Pt皮肤Pt3Ni(111)面不同位置的吸附特性.结果表明：S原子在Pt皮肤Pt3Ni的fcc位吸附最强,吸附能为5. 49 eV;与S原子在纯净Pt(111)表面的吸附相比,S原子在Pt皮肤Pt3Ni表面相应吸附位置的吸附能变小、与近邻的Pt原子形成的S-Pt键变长,表明掺杂的Ni会减小相应位点S原子的吸附能,降低体系对S原子的吸附能力,进而减弱S吸附对体系催化能力的影响;态密度分析发现, S原子的吸附使得Pt基催化剂的催化活性降低,主要是S的2p电子引起的;这些结果将为后续研究Pt基合金电极抗S中毒效果以及探究S原子吸附后Pt3Ni的活性位提供依据.     

S在Pt皮肤Pt_3Ni(111)面吸附的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,计算并分析了S原子在Pt皮肤Pt3Ni(111)面不同位置的吸附特性.结果表明:S原子在Pt皮肤Pt3Ni的fcc位吸附最强,吸附能为5.49eV;与S原子在纯净的Pt(111)表面吸附相比较,S原子在Pt皮肤Pt3Ni(111)面相应吸附位置的吸附能变小,与近邻Pt原子形成的S-Pt键变长,表明掺杂的Ni会减小相应位点S原子的吸附能,降低体系对S原子的吸附能力,进而减弱S吸附对体系催化能力的影响;态密度分析发现,S原子的吸附使得Pt基催化剂的催化活性降低,主要是S的2p电子引起的;这些结果将为后续研究Pt基合金电极抗S中毒效果以及探究S原子吸附后Pt3Ni的活性位提供依据.     

二氧化硫在改性BC_3表面的吸附特性研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法观察修饰不同原子(Mo,Pt,Si)来调控BC_3体系的表面结构和反应活性.研究发现:单个原子吸附在BC_3表面具有不同的稳定位,Pt和Si原子吸附在H1位稳定,而Mo原子吸附在H2位稳定.单个原子在完整结构BC_3表面的扩散势垒较小,而掺杂的原子在单空位缺陷BC_3体系中具有极高的稳定性( 6.5 eV),这些掺杂原子显正电性能够有效地调制BC_3体系的电子结构、磁性以及影响二氧化硫(SO_2)的吸附强弱.与Pt原子掺杂的BC_3体系(Pt-BC_3)相比,单个SO_2分子在Si-和Mo-BC_3体系上的吸附能较大,表现出较高的灵敏特性.该研究为设计类石墨烯基功能纳米材料提供参考.     

Co对单层MoS_2电子结构与磁性的影响

为了研究Co对单层MoS_2电子结构和磁性的影响,本文基于第一性原理,采用数值基组的方法计算了Co吸附式掺杂、Co替代式掺杂单层MoS_2的能带结构、态密度以及分析了其结构的稳定性.结果发现:Co替换式掺杂体系的形成能较低,实验上容易实现;Co在Mo位吸附的稳定性强于在S位吸附;Mo位吸附体系的总磁矩为0.999μB,其磁矩的主要来源于Co原子的吸附所贡献的0.984μB,Co原子的掺杂体系总磁矩为1.029μB,其磁矩的主要由Co原子替代掉一个Mo原子所贡献的磁矩为0.9444μB,相比于吸附体系,Co原子对磁矩的贡献率有所降低;无论是Co吸附在单层MoS_2表面还是Co直接替代掉Mo原子的掺杂体系,Co原子3d轨道的引入是引起单层MoS_2体系磁性的主要原因.     

Fe,Co,Ni掺杂石墨烯表面吸附C_2H_4的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的广义梯度近似(GGA),本文对本征石墨烯以及掺杂Fe,Co,Ni石墨烯的几何结构和电子性质进行了优化计算,并计算了C_2H_4在本征石墨烯以及掺杂石墨烯表面的吸附过程,讨论了体系的吸附能、稳定性、DOS及掺杂对键长的影响.结果表明C_2H_4在本征石墨烯B位的吸附和掺杂石墨烯的吸附为化学吸附,在本征石墨烯T和H位的吸附为物理吸附;掺杂后石墨烯的比表面积增大,与本征石墨烯相比,掺杂使费米能级附近的态密度积分显著提高,表明掺杂石墨烯的电导性会发生变化,从而影响对C_2H_4的气敏度..C_2H_4在Fe、Co、Ni分别掺石墨烯的最佳吸附位为T位、H位和B位;掺杂Fe,Ni后体系的吸附能力显著提高,且掺杂Ni时体系的吸附能力最好.     

第一性原理研究O2在CrN4掺杂石墨烯上的氢化

掺杂是调制graphene催化特性的有效方法. 掺杂的Graphene, 因其具有对氧还原反应具有较高的活性, 而作为一种新型高效质子交换膜燃料电池阴极材料. 采用包含色散力校正的第一性原理的密度泛函理论方法(DFT-D)系统的研究了O2在CrN4掺杂的Graphene上的吸附和氢化特性. 结果表明: (1) O2倾向于以side-on模式吸附在Cr顶位, 形成O-Cr-O三元环结构, 吸附能为1.75 eV; (2) O2在CrN4-Gra上更倾向于直接分解成O+O, 并进一步氢化为O+OH, 反应的限速步为O2的分解, 相应的反应势垒为0.48 eV.     

Effects of vacancy and deformation on an Al atom adsorbed on graphene

First-principles calculations based on density functional theory are carried out to study the adsorption energy of monovacancy and deformation on an Al atom adsorbed on graphene. The bond length and Mulliken charge of an Al atom adsorbed on intrinsic and defected graphene systems are also analyzed. We find that an Al atom, sitting above the H site of intrinsic graphene, is in the most stable location. And the adsorption energy increases with increasing graphene coverage. In 1/32 Al/VC-gra and 1/8 Al/VC-gra Al—C covalent bonds are formed, and the Al—C ionic bonds are enhanced by the vacancy. For our calculations, vacancy and deformation both enhance the adsorption energy of an Al atom adsorbed on a graphene system, but vacancy is more effective. In a tensile system, a geometric distortion is induced in the adsorption structure when the tensile deformation is greater than 15%; in a compression system, the adsorption structure begins to distort from 5%. When the tensile and compressive deformations are greater than 10%, the compressive deformation is more effective than the tension deformation on an Al atom adsorbed on the graphene system. Especially, when the deformation is relatively small, a vacancy has a greater effect on the adsorption energy of an Al atom adsorbed on graphene.     

Electronic structures and coronene on Ru（0001）： vibrational properties of first-principles study

We calculate the configurations,electronic structures,vibrational properties at the coronene/Ru(0001) interface,and adsorption of a single Pt atom on coronene/Ru(0001) based on density functional theory calculations.The geometric structures and electronic structures of the coronene on Ru(0001) are compared with those of the graphene/Ru(0001).The results show that the coronene/Ru(0001) can be a simplified model system used to describe the interaction between graphene and ruthenium.Further calculations of the vibrational properties of coronene molecule adsorbed on Ru(0001) suggest that the phonon properties of differently corrugated regions of graphene on Ru(0001) are different.This model system is also used to investigate the selective adsorption of Pt atoms on graphene/Ru(0001).The configurations of Pt on coronene/Ru(0001) with the lowest binding energy give clues to explain the experimental observation that a Pt cluster selectively adsorbs on the second highest regions of graphene/Ru(0001).This work provides a simple model for understanding the adsorption properties and vibrational properties of graphene on Ru(0001) substrate.     

Electronic structures and vibrational properties of coronene on Ru(0001): first-principles study

We calculate the configurations, electronic structures, vibrational properties at the coronene/Ru(0001) interface, and adsorption of a single Pt atom on coronene/Ru(0001) based on density functional theory calculations. The geometric structures and electronic structures of the coronene on Ru(0001) are compared with those of the graphene/Ru(0001). The results show that the coronene/Ru(0001) can be a simplified model system used to describe the interaction between graphene and ruthenium. Further calculations of the vibrational properties of coronene molecule adsorbed on Ru(0001) suggest that the phonon properties of differently corrugated regions of graphene on Ru(0001) are different. This model system is also used to investigate the selective adsorption of Pt atoms on graphene/Ru(0001). The configurations of Pt on coronene/Ru(0001) with the lowest binding energy give clues to explain the experimental observation that a Pt cluster selectively adsorbs on the second highest regions of graphene/Ru(0001). This work provides a simple model for understanding the adsorption properties and vibrational properties of graphene on Ru(0001) substrate.     

扭转形变对石墨烯吸附O原子电学和光学性质影响的电子理论研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法研究了扭转形变对石墨烯吸附O体系结构稳定性、电子结构和光学性质,包括吸附能、带隙、吸收系数及反射率的影响.研究发现,吸附O原子后,距O原子最近的C原子被拔起,导致石墨烯平面发生扭曲.吸附能计算表明,扭转形变使石墨烯吸附O原子体系结构稳定性下降,而扭转程度对结构稳定性影响微弱.能带结构分析发现,O原子的吸附使石墨烯由金属变成半导体,扭转形变发生时,可实现其从半导体到金属、再到半导体特性的转变.扭转角为12°的吸附O原子体系为间接带隙,而其他出现带隙的体系均为直接带隙.与本征石墨烯受扭体系相比,吸附O原子体系的电子结构对扭转形变的敏感度降低,其中扭转角在10°—16°范围内变化时,带隙始终稳定在0.11 eV附近,即在此扭转角范围内始终对应窄带隙半导体.在光学性能中,受扭转形变的吸附体系吸收系数和反射率峰值较未受扭转形变石墨烯吸附O原子体系均减弱,且随着扭转程度的加剧,均出现红移到蓝移的转变.     

Effects of metal-support interactions on the electronic structures of metal atoms adsorbed on the perfect and defective MgO(1 0 0) surfaces

The electronic structures of Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, and Zn atoms adsorbed on the perfect MgO(1 0 0) surface and on a surface oxygen vacancy have been studied at the DFT/B3LYP level of theory using both the bare cluster and embedded cluster models. Ni, Pd, Pt, and Cu atoms can form stable adsorption complexes on the regular O site of the perfect MgO(1 0 0) surface with the binding energies of 19.0, 25.2, 46.7, and 17.3 kcal/mol, respectively, despite very little electron transfer between the surface and the metal atoms. On the other hand, adsorptions of Ni, Pd, Pt, and Cu atoms show strong interaction with an oxygen vacancy on the MgO(1 0 0) surface by transferring a significant number of electron charges from the vacancy to the adsorbed metal atoms and thus forming ionic bonds with the vacancy site. These interactions on the vacancy site for Ni, Pd, Pt, and Cu atoms increase the binding energies by 25.8, 59.7, 85.2, and 19.1 kcal/mol, respectively, compared to those on the perfect surface. Zn atom interacts very weakly with the perfect surface as well as the surface oxygen vacancy. We observed that the interaction increases from Ni to Pt in the same group and decreases from Ni to Zn in the same transition metal period in both perfect and vacancy systems. These relationships correlate well with the degrees of electron transfer from the surface to the adsorbed metal atom. The changes in the ionization potentials of the surface also correlate with the adsorption energies or degrees of electron transfers. Madelung potential is found to have significant effects on the electronic properties of metal atom adsorptions on the MgO(1 0 0) surface as well as on an oxygen vacancy, though it is more so for the latter. Furthermore, the Madelung potential facilitates electron transfer from the surface to the adsorbed metal atoms but not in the other direction.     

First principles computational investigation on the possibility of Pt-decorated SiC hexagonal sheet as a suitable material for oxygen reduction reaction

First principles calculations play a significant role in developing and optimizing new energy storage and conversion materials especially at the nanoscale. In this work, the structural, energetics and, electronic properties of adsorbed Pt atom onto two-dimensional graphene, hexagonal BN (h-BN) and SiC (h-SiC) sheets have been investigated at DFT–B3LYP level of theory using coronene molecule as a suitable model. Spin-polarization and model size effects on the Pt adsorption properties have also been evaluated. Various positions for establishing Pt atom on the selected substrates have been considered and full structural optimization was carried out for all selected systems. The adsorption energies, electronic structures and charge population analysis indicated that in all the studied structures there were strong interaction between two interacting entities. It was also found that the adsorption ability of h-SiC is much stronger than the other counterparts with adsorption energy of −3.828 eV.We have also examined the O₂ adsorption properties of Pt-decorated graphene, h-BN and h-SiC sheets for possible tunability of O₂ adsorption strength of systems under study. We found that h-SiC sheet possess a weakened O₂ adsorption energy among the selected substrates. In view of the strong stability of adsorbed Pt atom on h-SiC sheet and relatively weaker O₂ adsorption energy, one can expect that h-SiC might be a promising material for support assistant as well as increasing the catalytic activity of Pt atoms compared to graphene and h-BN substrates. This may attribute to preventing aggregating of Pt atoms due to the strong fastening nature of the h-SiC sheet and also by affording a balance in the O₂ adsorption strength that lead to enhanced catalyst turnover. Therefore, our first principles findings offer a unique opportunity for design and applications of SiC-based nanoscale supports in fuel cell technology.     

金属原子修饰石墨烯体系催化性能的理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法研究了单个CO和O2气体分子在金属原子修饰石墨烯表面的吸附和反应过程.结果表明:空位缺陷结构的石墨烯能够提高金属原子的稳定性,金属原子掺杂的石墨烯体系能够调控气体分子的吸附特性.通入混合的CO和O2作为反应气体,石墨烯表面容易被吸附性更强的O2分子占据,进而防止催化剂的CO中毒.此外,对比分析两种催化机理(Langmuir-Hinshelwood和Eley-Rideal)对CO氧化反应的影响.与其它金属原子相比,Al原子掺杂的石墨烯体系具有极低的反应势垒(0.4 e V),更有助于CO氧化反应的迅速进行.     

Geometric stability and adsorption property of hydroxyl group on graphene sheets

The stable geometrics and adsorption behaviors of hydroxyl (OH) groups on graphene sheets are investigated using the first-principles calculations. The single hydroxyl adatom has small adsorption energy and diffusion barrier on pristine graphene. The binding strength of the hydroxyl group increases with the coverage, and the aggregations of the hydroxyl groups reduce the structural bucking of graphene sheet. On the graphene with single vacancy (SV-graphene), the large trapping zones mean the adsorbed OH would be easily trapped at the vacancy site. The hydroxyl groups prefer to aggregate on graphene surfaces and form the water molecule, leaving the epoxy group on pristine graphene or oxygen dopant in SV-graphene, which is used to constitute the structural model of oxidized graphene. These results would provide us a useful reference to understand the atomic structure and adsorption property of functional groups on graphene sheets.     

金属原子修饰石墨烯体系催化性能的理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法研究了单个CO 和O2气体分子在金属原子修饰石墨烯表面的吸附和反应过程. 结果表明: 空位缺陷结构的石墨烯能够提高金属原子的稳定性, 金属原子掺杂的石墨烯体系能够调控气体分子的吸附特性. 通入混合的CO和O2作为反应气体, 石墨烯表面容易被吸附性更强的O2分子占据, 进而防止催化剂的CO 中毒. 此外, 对比分析两种催化机理(Langmuir-Hinshelwood和Eley-Rideal)对CO氧化反应的影响. 与其它金属原子相比, Al原子掺杂的石墨烯体系具有极低的反应势垒(< 0.4 eV), 更有助于CO氧化反应的迅速进行.