Structure of triterpene saponins from the roots ofGlycyrrhiza echinata

Conclusions On the basis of a physicochemical study of the saponins ofGlycyrrhiza echinata L., their molecular weights have been determined. It has been found that the two saponins are biosides of macedonic acid (saponin A) and echinatic acid (saponin B), the carbohydrate moieties of which contain L-rhamnose and D-glucuronic acid.In both saponins, the L-rhamnose is bound directly to the aglycones.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 17–19, 1969     

Decomposition of phosphatidylethanolamine with phospholipase C from Clostridium perfringens

Conclusions The optimum conditions for the enzymatic decomposition of phosphatidylethanolamine with the phospholipase C fromClostridium perfringens have been described. When a sonically irradiated aqueous suspension of lipid containing zinc ions is used, 70–80% decomposition is achieved.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 422–424, February, 1967.     

Antigenic polysaccharides of bacteria IV. Structure of the repeating unit of the polysaccharide chain of Shigella dysenteriae type 3 lipopolysaccharide

Conclusions The complete structure of the repeating unit of a specific polysaccharide chain of an antigenic liposaccharide of bacteriaShigella dysenteriae Type 3, has been established.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1613–1619, July, 1977.     

Alkaloids from some species of Papaver and Roemeria,and the structure of Fugapavine

Summary Papaver cumrautatum Fisch. et Mey contains papaverine. FromPapaver fugax Poir we isolated armepavine, floripavine, and two new alkaloids, (+)-isoroemerine and fugapavine, which is 5,6-(methylenedioxy)-3-oxoaporphine.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 502–509, March, 1965     

Ribose in the triterpene glycosides of Clematis vitalba. I

Summary 1. It has been shown that the roots ofClematis vitalba contain free hederagenin and oleanolic acid and also eight glycosides of these aglycones.2. It has been established that vitalbosides F, G, and H contain in their carbohydrate moiety an unusual monosaccharide for saponins — ribose.Order of the Red Banner of Labor Institute of Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Moldavian SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 297–299, May–June, 1971.     

The structure of lagochilin

Conclusions The structure of lagochilin, a diterpene alcohol fromLagochilus inebrians Bge, was established.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1983–1991, September, 1970.     

Triterpenoid saponins Communication 16. Structure of araloside C

Summary The complete structure of araloside C — a triterpenoid saponin from the roots ofAralia manshurica (Rupr. et Mey) — was established.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimisheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1214–1222, July, 1965     

Nonamethylosmocenylcarbenium ion

Conclusions Nonamethylosmocenylcarbenium ion salts were synthesized. The stabilization of the C₅Me₅MC₅Me₄CH₂ ⁺ cations increased in the series Fe < Ru < Os, which was probably due to intensification of the direct interaction of the metal atom with the carbenium center in this series.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No.7, pp. 1620–1622, July, 1987.     

Triterpenoid saponins Communication 18. Structure of kalopanax saponin B

Conclusions The complete structure of kalopanax saponin B — a pentaoside of hederagenin isolated from the roots ofKalopanax septemlobum (Aralia family) — was established.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1588–1594, September, 1966.     

Synthesis of 6E-Nonen-1-OL from butadiene-phenol telomer

Conclusions 6E-Nonen-1-ol, theCeratitis capitata pheromone, was synthesized from the telomer of butadiene with phenol.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 1181–1182, May, 1982.     

Glycosides of ursolic acid from Empetrum sibiricum V. Vassil

Conclusions Three glycosides of ursolic acid were isolated for the first time fromEmpetrum sibiricum V. Vassil and their properties were studied.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No.1, pp.171–172, January, 1970.     

Aralosides A,B, and C from Aralia elata

Conclusions The triterpene glycosides isolated from the roots ofAralia elata are identical with the aralosides A, B, and C.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1338–1340, July, 1964     

Synthesis of 2-ethyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.4]-nonane,the major component of the pheromone of the chalcograph beetle pityogenes chalcographus (L.)

Conclusions A synthesis was reported for 2-ethyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane (chalcograne), which is an aggregational pheromone for thePityogenes chalcographus (L.) bark beetle.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 325–328, February, 1982.     

Oxidation of mesitylene by hydrogen peroxide in AcOH-Ac2O-H2SO4

By the oxidation of raesitylene by hydrogen peroxide in AcOH-Ac₂O-H₂SO₄ one can obtain mesitol (2,4,6-trimethylphenol) (with a selectivity of 57–69% at a mesitylene conversion of 22–16% and the acetate of mesitol with a selectivity of 72–85% at 25–22% conversion. The peroxide responsible for the oxidation of mesitylene in this system is in the form of peracetic acid, formedin situ. Over the concentration range studied, the reaction is first order in AcOOH, mesitylene, and H₂SO₄. Hydroxylation of mesitylene by AcOOH proceeds by an electrophilic substitution mechanism, the limiting step being the formation of the -complex.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2716–2721, December, 1990.The authors express their thanks to L. V. Efremova, G. M. Maksimov, and V. D. Chinakov for their assistance in this work.     

Alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides tricrotonyltetramine

Summary From the fraction of strong bases ofSophora alopecuroides (flowering stage) a base C₁₂H₂₄N₄, mp 101–103°C, has been isolated which has been identified as tricrotonyltetramine. Its stereoconfiguration has been established.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Medicinal Plants. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 752–754, November–December, 1974.     

Stereospecific synthesis of transoid mono- and 1,3-diene pheromones ofLepidoptera from secondary cyclopropylcarbinols

The zinc halide-initiated homoallylic rearrangement of saturated or allylic cyclopropylcarbinols in the presence of trimethylsilyl halides has been employed as the key step in the total synthesis of seven behavioral regulators in twenty insects of theLepidoptera family, namely 9E-tetradecenol and its acetate, 11E-hexadecenol and its acetate, 11E-hexadecenal, 5E, 7E-dodecadienol, and 3E, 5E-tetradecadienyl acetate.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2539–2544, November, 1990.     

An isomer of coronopilin

Conclusions From the racemes ofC. xanthifolia Fresen. have been isolated a sesquiterpene lactone C₁₆H₂₀O₄, the structural (+)-isomer of (–)-coronopilin, which has not been studied previously; structure I has been proposed for it.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 375–377, 1969     

A chemical study ofPlectranthus glaucocalyx Maxim.

Summary A previously unknown crystalline substance C₂₀H₂₈O₄, calledplectrin, has been isolated from the leaves ofPlectranthus glaucocalyx Maxim., family Labiatae.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 427–428, 1965     

Alkaloids of Stephania hernandifolia VIII. Methylhernandine

Summary A new hasubanan alkaloid with the composition C₂₀H₂₇O₆N, mp 152–153°C (ether-methanol) has been isolated from the herbStephania hernandifolia and has been called methylhernandine. The alkaloid has been shown to be identical with the methylamino alcohol obtained in the hydrolysis of hernandifoline.All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal Plants. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 455–457, July–August.     

The structures of chimganin and chimgin

Summary The roots ofFerula tschimganica Lipsky have yielded two new compounds with the compositions C₁₈H₂₄O₄ (mp 85°C) and C₁₇H₂₂O₃ (mp 155°C), which have been calledchimganin andchimgin. On the basis of their UV, IR, and NMR spectra and the products of alkaline hydrolysis, it has been shown that chimganin is the ester of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid and chimgin that of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with (+)-borneol.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 59–63, January–February, 1972.