阴离子荧光化学传感器新进展

本文主要介绍自2004年以来阴离子荧光化学传感器的最新进展.按照受体分子和阴离子的作用类型来分类,包括以氢键或静电作用键合阴离子的受体（胺和酰胺类、脲和硫脲类、五元杂环类和其他类型）、路易斯酸和含金属的荧光受体以及反应型化学传感器.     

硫脲类阴离子受体的研究进展

阴离子识别是超分子化学研究的重要内容之一,其关键环节是构筑可识别阴离子的结合受体,后者以非共价键力如静电作用、疏水作用、氢键等与阴离子结合.本文详细评述了近5年来硫脲类阴离子识别受体的设计、结构及其阴离子识别作用的研究进展.     

基于酰胺的荧光双冠醚阴离子受体的合成和识别性能研究

合成了一种带有荧光基团蒽的酰胺型双冠醚阴离子受体3. 用荧光光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱及核磁共振氢谱研究了其与F^－, Cl^－, Br^－, I^－, H₂PO₄^－, AcO^－离子的相互作用, 结果表明3只对F^－具有很好的选择性识别能力, 并形成配合比为1∶2的络合物, 通过荧光发射强度计算出主体3与F^－间的相互作用时的结合常数.     

基于光化学传感器的二元羧酸阴离子识别研究进展

二元羧酸阴离子的识别与检测是当前超分子化学研究的热点领域之一。普遍使用的基于光学信号的二元羧酸阴离子受体主要有基于氢键作用的中性受体、有机阳离子型受体和金属配合物型受体三种类型。本文按照受体与二元羧酸阴离子作用类型的不同,介绍了近年来基于光化学传感器的二元羧酸阴离子的识别研究进展,并对相关研究进行了展望。     

含氮鎓阴离子受体的研究进展

含氮鎓阴离子受体是目前阴离子识别领域研究的热点之一,此类受体具有主体结构修饰的灵活性和多样性,能更好的发挥氢键、疏水作用、静电作用、π-π作用、阴离子-π作用的协同效应等优点。本文详细评述了咪唑鎓和吡啶鎓两类含氮鎓受体的设计、结构及其阴离子识别作用的研究进展。     

含吡啶鎓阳离子的阴离子受体的研究进展

本文综述了近年来含吡啶鎓阳离子受体在阴离子识别领域的研究进展。系统阐述了以吡啶鎓阳离子为主要识别位点的环状、非环状和互锁型阴离子受体的设计合成以及在阴离子识别领域的应用。     

基于吖啶的荧光化学传感器研究进展

吖啶具有刚性平面结构,荧光性能十分优越,因此可以用于荧光化学传感器的合成.本文作者综述了近几年来吖啶类荧光化学传感器的研究进展;介绍了吖啶类荧光化学传感器对阳离子、阴离子和手性化合物的识别性能,并展望了此类传感器的理论和应用前景.     

可用于连续识别Cu^2+和阴离子、中性分子荧光探针的研究进展

铜(Cu)含量的高低直接影响着生命体的正常运转和自然体系的平衡.检测铜离子的方法多种多样,其中具有较高敏感度和选择性的荧光化学传感器应用更加广泛.综述了以Cu^2+为基的荧光化学传感器通过替换法实现了对阴离子S^2-, CN^-, H2PO4^-, PPi和I^-以及中性分子ATP、ADP和生物硫醇等的连续识别的研究进展.     

硝基取代苯腙类荧光受体的阴离子识别与传感性能

合成了含萘荧光基团的硝基取代苯腙类受体,利用紫外-可见分光光度法、荧光发射光谱法和核磁等方法研究了受体的阴离子识别与光化学传感性能. 结果表明,在DMSO有机溶剂体系中,单硝基取代受体选择性比色和荧光识别氟离子,而双硝基取代受体可以比色和荧光识别氟离子和醋酸根离子. 归因于腙=N-NH基团质子酸性的进一步增强,双硝基取代受体能够在DMSO-H2O体系中实现对氟离子的比色和荧光识别. 此类受体是有效的“off-on”型阴离子荧光传感分子.     

含双蒽基团酰胺受体分子的合成及阴离子识别研究

合成了一种新型的带有双蒽基团的酰胺阴离子受体B.用荧光光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱以及核磁共振氢谱研究了B与Cl^-,Br^-,I^-及对硝基酚氧阴离子的相互作用.结果表明,B与Cl^-,Br^-,I^-等阴离子无识别作用,而与对硝基酚氧阴离子有较好的选择性识别能力,其络合比为1∶1.利用荧光发射强度和吸光度的变化分别计算出主体B与客体相互作用的络合常数KS分别为(1.24±0.07)×10⁵和(1.27±0.18)×10⁵,并对主体分子B与客体之间的相互作用进行了讨论.     

含有酚羟基的吖嗪类荧光探针的阴离子识别与传感研究

设计合成了含有酚羟基的萘吖嗪类荧光探针分子,利用紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱研究了探针分子的阴离子识别和光化学传感性能。研究结果表明,该探针分子可以通过比色（紫外-可见吸收光谱）和荧光发射光谱双通道识别检测氟离子。该探针分子是一类比率型阴离子荧光探针,作用方式为探针分子酚羟基的去质子化作用,这种激发态质子转移（ESIPT）是探针分子呈现比率荧光特性的原因。通过本实验不但可以让学生掌握紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱仪的使用方法,还能培养学生在分子识别与光化学传感领域的科研兴趣。     

多分支中性受体的合成及αω-二羧酸阴离子识别研究

Two new multi-armed neutral receptors 1 and 2 containing thiourea and amide groups were synthesized by simple steps in good yields. Receptors 1 and 2 have a better selectivity and higher association constants for malonate anion than other anions examined by the present work. In particular, distinct color changes were observed upon addition of dicarboxylate anions to the solution of 1 in DMSO. The UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra data indicate that a 1 ： 2 stoichiometry complex was formed between compound 1 or 2 and dicarboxylate anions of shorter carbon chain, and a 1 ： 1 stoichiometry complex was formed between compound 1 or 2 and dicarboxylate anions of longer carbon chain through hydrogen bonding interactions.     

Amide-based Fluorescent Macrocyclic Anion Receptors

Introduction Interest in the selective recognition and sensing of anionic species continues to attract the attention of su-pramolecular chemistry community.1 The importance of anions in chemical and biological process can not be underestimated. It is well known that in nature neutral proteins bind anions only via hydrogen bonding interac-tions.2 Several anion receptors have been constructed from five-membered heterocycle,3 amide,4 (thio) urea,5 since these groups form relatively strong NHanio…     

基于(R)-1,1’-联萘硫脲的手性荧光受体: 合成与手性识别

Two chiral fluorescent receptors 1 and 2 based on (R)-1,1‘-binaphthylene-2,2‘-bisthiourea were synthesized, and their chiral recognition properties for enantiomeric mandelate anions were studied by fluorescence spectra and molecular modeling. Addition of the L- and D-mandelate anions caused considerable fluorescent increases in the fluorescent intensity of the host solution. The L-enantiomer can enhance the fluorescence intensity of 1 much more than the D-enantiomer can do, and 1 shows a better enantioselective recognition ability than 2.     

Enantioselective Fluorescent Sensors for N-Boc-Protected Amino Acid Anions Based on BINOL

The four novel derivatives of BINOL have been prepared and the structures of these compounds characterized by IR, MS, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The enantioselective recognition of these receptors has been studied by fluorescence titration and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The receptors exhibited different chiral recognition abilities towards N‐Boc‐protected amino acid anions and formed 1:1 complexes between host and guest. Receptor s exhibit excellent enantioselective fluorescent recognition ability towards the amino acid derivatives.     

Recognition of Anions by Synthetic Receptors in Aqueous Solution

Natural anion binding systems achieve high substrate affinity and selectivity most often by arranging converging binding sites inside a cavity or cleft that is well shielded from surrounding solvent molecules by the folded peptide chain. Types of interactions employed for anion recognition are electrostatic interactions, hydrogen-bonding, and coordination to a Lewis-acidic metal center. In this review, successful strategies aimed at the development of synthetic receptors active in water or aqueous solvent mixtures are described. It is shown that considerable progress has been made during recent years in the development of potent anion receptors and that for every type of interaction used in nature for anion binding, corresponding synthetic models exist today. Representative examples of these systems are presented with a special emphasis on synthetic receptors whose characterization involved a detailed thermodynamic analysis of complex formation to demonstrate the important interplay between enthalpy and entropy for anion recognition in water.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected issue number.